99446 includes both verbal and written communication and covers 5–10 minutes. Choose 99451 for a written-report service with at least five minutes of consultative work when no verbal discussion is provided.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
99451 in Chico
Office / nonfacility
$36.02
Base rate per service
Facility setting
$30.16
Base rate per service
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
Interprofessional consultation
About 99451: Interprofessional consultation with written report
A consulting physician reviews a patient's clinical information and sends written assessment and recommendations to the treating professional after at least five minutes of consultative work.
A treating physician or other qualified health care professional may request a specialist’s advice about a patient’s clinical question without arranging a patient visit with that specialist. The consultant reviews the relevant record and provides an assessment and recommendations in a written report. For example, a primary care physician might ask a cardiologist to review a patient’s symptoms and available cardiac test results and advise on next steps. The service is an exchange between professionals, not a face-to-face consultation with the patient.
Report 99451 when the consultative physician provides the written report and performs at least five minutes of medical consultative work. The record should identify the request and clinical question, information reviewed, consultant’s assessment and recommendations, written communication to the treating professional, and time spent. Document the patient’s consent to the interprofessional consultation. Distinguish this service from codes 99446–99449, which include verbal as well as written communication and use specific time intervals.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU0.70 · 66%
- Practice expense (office) RVU0.31 · 29%
- Malpractice RVU0.05 · 5%
106.7K
Medicare services in 2024 · #537 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
99451 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Chico, from the same CMS release.
99449 includes verbal and written communication for 31 minutes or more. 99451 is selected by the written-report service structure, not by that 31-minute threshold.
99452 describes referral-related work by the treating or requesting professional. 99451 describes the consulting physician’s review and written recommendations.
The same code, a different location
How does Chico compare?
In Bakersfield, the office rate for 99451 is $36.19—$0.17 higher than the $36.02 rate in Chico. Both use the same code, release and participation basis.
99451 across payment areas
Same release and payment basis · bars start at $0
Chico · This locality
$36.02
$36.19
$0.17 higher than Chico
$36.03
$0.01 higher than Chico
$36.02
The same base rate than Chico
$36.02
The same base rate than Chico
$1.68 higher than Chico
$36.02
The same base rate than Chico
Other payment areas listed in California appear first, followed by selected cross-country examples. The chart compares amounts, not distance.
Across 109 of 109 CMS payment localities with a supported office rate, 99451 ranges from $33.14 in Arkansas to $47.02 in Alaska*. This is a geographic range, not an average.
The code’s RVUs stay the same in these comparisons. Geographic adjustments to work, practice expense and malpractice change the dollar amount. A city name alone may not identify the payment area for a service address.
Compare all 108 other payment areas
Merced
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Modesto
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Napa
California · 99451
Office
$39.35
Facility
$32.31
$3.33 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura
California · 99451
Office
$37.31
Facility
$31.00
$1.29 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Redding
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of California
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
California · 99451
Office
$36.57
Facility
$30.72
$0.55 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom
California · 99451
Office
$37.16
Facility
$30.94
$1.14 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Salinas
California · 99451
Office
$37.00
Facility
$30.81
$0.98 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad
California · 99451
Office
$37.37
Facility
$30.98
$1.35 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (Marin Cnty)
California · 99451
Office
$40.97
Facility
$33.43
$4.95 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (San Francisco/San Mateo/Alameda/Contra Costa Cnty)
California · 99451
Office
$40.91
Facility
$33.38
$4.89 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty)
California · 99451
Office
$41.78
Facility
$34.07
$5.76 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (Santa Clara Cnty)
California · 99451
Office
$41.55
Facility
$33.84
$5.53 higher than Chico for the office setting.
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles
California · 99451
Office
$36.47
Facility
$30.38
$0.45 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
California · 99451
Office
$37.35
Facility
$30.85
$1.33 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara
California · 99451
Office
$37.00
Facility
$30.77
$0.98 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
California · 99451
Office
$37.69
Facility
$31.13
$1.67 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Stockton
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Vallejo
California · 99451
Office
$39.27
Facility
$32.22
$3.25 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Visalia
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Yuba City
California · 99451
Office
$36.02
Facility
$30.16
The same base rate than Chico for the office setting.
Dc + Md/Va Suburbs
District of Columbia · 99451
Office
$38.70
Facility
$32.40
$2.68 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Miami
Florida · 99451
Office
$38.38
Facility
$32.82
$2.36 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Chicago
Illinois · 99451
Office
$37.78
Facility
$32.41
$1.76 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Manhattan
New York · 99451
Office
$39.56
Facility
$33.35
$3.54 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Alaska*
Alaska · 99451
Office
$47.02
Facility
$41.33
$11.00 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Alabama
Alabama · 99451
Office
$33.39
Facility
$28.71
$2.63 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Arkansas
Arkansas · 99451
Office
$33.14
Facility
$28.54
$2.88 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Arizona
Arizona · 99451
Office
$34.84
Facility
$29.67
$1.18 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Colorado
Colorado · 99451
Office
$35.98
Facility
$30.30
$0.04 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Connecticut
Connecticut · 99451
Office
$37.02
Facility
$31.26
$1.00 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Delaware
Delaware · 99451
Office
$35.23
Facility
$29.95
$0.79 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Fort Lauderdale
Florida · 99451
Office
$36.89
Facility
$31.48
$0.87 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Florida
Florida · 99451
Office
$35.79
Facility
$30.68
$0.23 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Atlanta
Georgia · 99451
Office
$35.98
Facility
$30.55
$0.04 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Georgia
Georgia · 99451
Office
$34.61
Facility
$29.84
$1.41 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Hawaii, Guam
Hawaii · 99451
Office
$36.12
Facility
$30.04
$0.10 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Iowa
Iowa · 99451
Office
$33.52
Facility
$28.63
$2.50 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Idaho
Idaho · 99451
Office
$33.70
Facility
$28.78
$2.32 lower than Chico for the office setting.
East St. Louis
Illinois · 99451
Office
$36.27
Facility
$31.35
$0.25 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Illinois
Illinois · 99451
Office
$35.44
Facility
$30.57
$0.58 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Suburban Chicago
Illinois · 99451
Office
$37.14
Facility
$31.65
$1.12 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Indiana
Indiana · 99451
Office
$33.79
Facility
$28.84
$2.23 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Kansas
Kansas · 99451
Office
$33.58
Facility
$28.75
$2.44 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Kentucky
Kentucky · 99451
Office
$34.11
Facility
$29.36
$1.91 lower than Chico for the office setting.
New Orleans
Louisiana · 99451
Office
$35.02
Facility
$29.99
$1.00 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Louisiana
Louisiana · 99451
Office
$34.14
Facility
$29.41
$1.88 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Metropolitan Boston
Massachusetts · 99451
Office
$38.19
Facility
$31.81
$2.17 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Massachusetts
Massachusetts · 99451
Office
$35.99
Facility
$30.36
$0.03 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Baltimore/Surr. Cntys
Maryland · 99451
Office
$36.93
Facility
$31.20
$0.91 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Maryland
Maryland · 99451
Office
$35.63
Facility
$30.22
$0.39 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Maine
Maine · 99451
Office
$33.95
Facility
$29.03
$2.07 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Southern Maine
Maine · 99451
Office
$34.70
Facility
$29.40
$1.32 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Detroit
Michigan · 99451
Office
$36.19
Facility
$31.03
$0.17 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Michigan
Michigan · 99451
Office
$34.72
Facility
$29.84
$1.30 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Minnesota
Minnesota · 99451
Office
$34.53
Facility
$29.03
$1.49 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Metropolitan Kansas City
Missouri · 99451
Office
$34.73
Facility
$29.72
$1.29 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Metropolitan St. Louis
Missouri · 99451
Office
$34.91
Facility
$29.82
$1.11 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Missouri
Missouri · 99451
Office
$33.93
Facility
$29.33
$2.09 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Mississippi
Mississippi · 99451
Office
$33.53
Facility
$28.93
$2.49 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Montana**
Montana · 99451
Office
$35.40
Facility
$30.06
$0.62 lower than Chico for the office setting.
North Carolina
North Carolina · 99451
Office
$34.11
Facility
$29.12
$1.91 lower than Chico for the office setting.
North Dakota**
North Dakota · 99451
Office
$34.41
Facility
$29.07
$1.61 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Nebraska
Nebraska · 99451
Office
$33.57
Facility
$28.64
$2.45 lower than Chico for the office setting.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire · 99451
Office
$35.62
Facility
$30.06
$0.40 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Northern Nj
New Jersey · 99451
Office
$38.65
Facility
$32.45
$2.63 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of New Jersey
New Jersey · 99451
Office
$37.45
Facility
$31.62
$1.43 higher than Chico for the office setting.
New Mexico
New Mexico · 99451
Office
$34.88
Facility
$29.98
$1.14 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Nevada**
Nevada · 99451
Office
$35.14
Facility
$29.79
$0.88 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Nyc Suburbs/Long Island
New York · 99451
Office
$40.29
Facility
$33.94
$4.27 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Poughkpsie/N Nyc Suburbs
New York · 99451
Office
$37.79
Facility
$31.94
$1.77 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Queens
New York · 99451
Office
$39.52
Facility
$33.21
$3.50 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of New York
New York · 99451
Office
$34.39
Facility
$29.31
$1.63 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Ohio
Ohio · 99451
Office
$34.52
Facility
$29.64
$1.50 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma · 99451
Office
$33.92
Facility
$29.15
$2.10 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Portland
Oregon · 99451
Office
$36.50
Facility
$30.56
$0.48 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Oregon
Oregon · 99451
Office
$34.87
Facility
$29.54
$1.15 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Metropolitan Philadelphia
Pennsylvania · 99451
Office
$36.57
Facility
$31.01
$0.55 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania · 99451
Office
$34.46
Facility
$29.56
$1.56 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico · 99451
Office
$35.49
Facility
$30.09
$0.53 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island · 99451
Office
$36.01
Facility
$30.49
$0.01 lower than Chico for the office setting.
South Carolina
South Carolina · 99451
Office
$34.37
Facility
$29.43
$1.65 lower than Chico for the office setting.
South Dakota**
South Dakota · 99451
Office
$34.30
Facility
$28.95
$1.72 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Tennessee
Tennessee · 99451
Office
$33.69
Facility
$28.83
$2.33 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Austin
Texas · 99451
Office
$35.86
Facility
$30.21
$0.16 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Beaumont
Texas · 99451
Office
$34.35
Facility
$29.49
$1.67 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Brazoria
Texas · 99451
Office
$35.13
Facility
$29.84
$0.89 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Dallas
Texas · 99451
Office
$35.34
Facility
$30.01
$0.68 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Fort Worth
Texas · 99451
Office
$35.25
Facility
$29.99
$0.77 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Galveston
Texas · 99451
Office
$35.23
Facility
$29.93
$0.79 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Houston
Texas · 99451
Office
$36.15
Facility
$30.84
$0.13 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Texas
Texas · 99451
Office
$34.71
Facility
$29.64
$1.31 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Utah
Utah · 99451
Office
$34.61
Facility
$29.59
$1.41 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Virginia
Virginia · 99451
Office
$34.74
Facility
$29.48
$1.28 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands · 99451
Office
$35.49
Facility
$30.09
$0.53 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Vermont
Vermont · 99451
Office
$34.48
Facility
$29.19
$1.54 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Rest Of Washington
Washington · 99451
Office
$35.86
Facility
$30.23
$0.16 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Seattle (King Cnty)
Washington · 99451
Office
$38.62
Facility
$32.06
$2.60 higher than Chico for the office setting.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin · 99451
Office
$33.81
Facility
$28.69
$2.21 lower than Chico for the office setting.
West Virginia
West Virginia · 99451
Office
$34.77
Facility
$30.12
$1.25 lower than Chico for the office setting.
Wyoming**
Wyoming · 99451
Office
$34.97
Facility
$29.63
$1.05 lower than Chico for the office setting.
See how rates vary across the country
99451 · Office / nonfacility · Non-QP. Choose a state to explore its payment localities. A range means the amount varies within that state.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$33.14
$47.02
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View all state and territory rates as a table
| State / territory | Rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $47.02 | 1 |
| AL | $33.39 | 1 |
| AR | $33.14 | 1 |
| AZ | $34.84 | 1 |
| CA | $36.02–$41.78 | 29 |
| CO | $35.98 | 1 |
| CT | $37.02 | 1 |
| DC | $38.70 | 1 |
| DE | $35.23 | 1 |
| FL | $35.79–$38.38 | 3 |
| GA | $34.61–$35.98 | 2 |
| GU | $36.12 | 1 |
| HI | $36.12 | 1 |
| IA | $33.52 | 1 |
| ID | $33.70 | 1 |
| IL | $35.44–$37.78 | 4 |
| IN | $33.79 | 1 |
| KS | $33.58 | 1 |
| KY | $34.11 | 1 |
| LA | $34.14–$35.02 | 2 |
| MA | $35.99–$38.19 | 2 |
| MD | $35.63–$38.70 | 3 |
| ME | $33.95–$34.70 | 2 |
| MI | $34.72–$36.19 | 2 |
| MN | $34.53 | 1 |
| MO | $33.93–$34.91 | 3 |
| MS | $33.53 | 1 |
| MT | $35.40 | 1 |
| NC | $34.11 | 1 |
| ND | $34.41 | 1 |
| NE | $33.57 | 1 |
| NH | $35.62 | 1 |
| NJ | $37.45–$38.65 | 2 |
| NM | $34.88 | 1 |
| NV | $35.14 | 1 |
| NY | $34.39–$40.29 | 5 |
| OH | $34.52 | 1 |
| OK | $33.92 | 1 |
| OR | $34.87–$36.50 | 2 |
| PA | $34.46–$36.57 | 2 |
| PR | $35.49 | 1 |
| RI | $36.01 | 1 |
| SC | $34.37 | 1 |
| SD | $34.30 | 1 |
| TN | $33.69 | 1 |
| TX | $34.35–$36.15 | 8 |
| UT | $34.61 | 1 |
| VA | $34.74–$38.70 | 2 |
| VI | $35.49 | 1 |
| VT | $34.48 | 1 |
| WA | $35.86–$38.62 | 2 |
| WI | $33.81 | 1 |
| WV | $34.77 | 1 |
| WY | $34.97 | 1 |
Where does this rate apply?
Chico is a Medicare payment area. Our Census mapping connects it to 30 cities and communities in California, including the examples shown here.
Some communities span more than one payment area. Follow a city link to compare all of its mapped areas, or check the service-location ZIP above for an address-level starting point.
Why are the office and facility amounts different?
For 99451 in Chico, the physician’s office rate is $36.02 and the facility-setting rate is $30.16: a difference of $5.86.
The calculation uses a different practice-expense RVU for each setting. Both amounts here are physician fee-schedule amounts. The facility figure does not include a hospital’s separate charges, so this comparison does not tell you the total cost of receiving care in each setting.
Use this rate
What is a percentage of Medicare worth?
Turn a percentage into dollars for 99451 in Chico. This uses the base rate on this page, so the locality and release stay consistent.
Reference amount per service
$39.62
$36.02 × 110% = $39.62
A contract may specify another Medicare year or additional adjustments. This is percentage arithmetic on the displayed base rate, not a claim adjudication.
Working with a whole code list?
Compare an offer across your annual code mix, including an older Medicare schedule or flat per-code rates.
How this local rate is calculated
Each RVU component is multiplied by its own geographic practice cost index (GPCI). The three adjusted components are added, then multiplied by the conversion factor. These are the inputs used for 99451 in Chico.
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
13,118
- Code
- 99451
- Physician work
- 0.70
- Practice expense
- 0.31
- Malpractice
- 0.05
GPCI2026.csv
9
- Locality
- Chico
- Physician work
- 1.017
- Practice expense
- 1.096
- Malpractice
- 0.536
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.70 | × 1.017 | 0.7119 |
| Practice expense | 0.31 | × 1.096 | 0.3398 |
| Malpractice | 0.05 | × 0.536 | 0.0268 |
| Total RVUs | 1.0785 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office / nonfacility rate, Chico$36.02
Open 99451 in the RVU calculator →
Explore RVUs, geographic factors and the full formula
Office / nonfacility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 0.7 | 1.017 |
| Practice expense | 0.31 | 1.096 |
| Malpractice | 0.05 | 0.536 |
(0.7 × 1.017 + 0.31 × 1.096 + 0.05 × 0.536) × $33.4009 = $36.02
Facility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 0.7 | 1.017 |
| Practice expense | 0.15 | 1.096 |
| Malpractice | 0.05 | 0.536 |
(0.7 × 1.017 + 0.15 × 1.096 + 0.05 × 0.536) × $33.4009 = $30.16
The office and facility calculations use their respective practice-expense RVUs. The facility amount here is the physician fee, not a separate hospital or facility bill.
How this rate has changed
99451 · Office / nonfacility
$36.02
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $2.44 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $33.58 to $36.02 (7.3%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$33.58changed to$36.02
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Practice expense RVU 0.28 changed to 0.31
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
- Work GPCI 1.014 changed to 1.017
- Practice expense GPCI 1.093 changed to 1.096
- Malpractice GPCI 0.560 changed to 0.536
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
Earliest loaded release: $33.58
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
Explore release dates and calculate this code in an earlier period →
Each row uses the accepted CMS release effective on that date and the same contractor and locality identifiers. Missing rates stay visible. Historical boundaries may differ; verify the service address for an older claim.
Inspect every release and its CMS source
99451 billing questions
When should 99451 be chosen instead of 99446?
Use 99451 when the consultant reports the assessment and recommendations in writing without the verbal discussion included in 99446. Both codes include a five-minute threshold, so the communication provided—not just elapsed time—distinguishes them.
Does 99451 require a discussion with the treating professional?
No. The service includes a written report to the treating or requesting professional; codes 99446–99449 describe services that include verbal and written communication.
What should the consultant document?
Document the referring professional’s question, records or clinical information reviewed, the assessment and recommendations, the written report, and at least five minutes of consultative work.
Is patient consent part of the documentation?
Yes. Document the patient’s consent to the interprofessional consultation.
Can 99451 be reported for less than five minutes?
No. The service requires at least five minutes of medical consultative time.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
