$358.37
23930 describes deep drainage in the upper arm or elbow area. Choose 23935 when the operative service includes opening the humerus or elbow cortex.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
23935 in Ohio
Office / nonfacility
Not available in this setting
Base rate per service
Facility setting
$474.44
Base rate per service
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
Orthopedic surgery
About 23935: Deep bone drainage, humerus or elbow
Reports deep operative drainage involving the humerus or elbow when the surgeon opens the bone cortex to reach and drain the affected site.
This service involves a deep incision to reach the humerus or elbow and opening the bone cortex to drain an affected site, such as a bone abscess. It is typically performed by an orthopedic surgeon in an operating room when the infection or collection requires access through the cortex rather than drainage of a superficial or soft-tissue space.
Select 23935 when the operative work includes opening the cortex of the humerus or elbow; the operative report should identify the anatomic site, the deep collection or bone involvement, and the cortical opening and drainage performed. CMS classifies the service as major surgery with a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. For bilateral procedures, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 23935
- Global period
- Major surgery with a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral procedure with modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
- Assistant at surgery
- Assistant at surgery is paid only with documentation of medical necessity.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons not permitted.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU6.22 · 42%
- Practice expense (office) RVU7.31 · 49%
- Malpractice RVU1.30 · 9%
123
Medicare services in 2024 · #4712 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
23935 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Ohio, from the same CMS release.
$302.11
23931 is for drainage of an upper-arm or elbow bursa; 23935 involves a deep site reached by opening bone cortex.
No office rate
Both involve deep drainage with cortical opening, but 23035 is for the shoulder area; 23935 is for the humerus or elbow.
The same code, a different location
How does Ohio compare?
23935 across payment areas
Same release and payment basis · bars start at $0
Ohio · This locality
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Unavailable
No comparable rate is available in this setting.
Other payment areas listed in Ohio appear first, followed by selected cross-country examples. The chart compares amounts, not distance.
The code’s RVUs stay the same in these comparisons. Geographic adjustments to work, practice expense and malpractice change the dollar amount. A city name alone may not identify the payment area for a service address.
Compare all 108 other payment areas
Alabama
Alabama · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$445.97
No comparable office rate is available.
Arkansas
Arkansas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$439.85
No comparable office rate is available.
Arizona
Arizona · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$481.51
No comparable office rate is available.
Bakersfield
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$505.74
No comparable office rate is available.
Chico
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
El Centro
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.38
No comparable office rate is available.
Fresno
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Hanford-Corcoran
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Madera
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Merced
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Modesto
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Napa
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$564.70
No comparable office rate is available.
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$529.22
No comparable office rate is available.
Redding
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of California
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$516.13
No comparable office rate is available.
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$522.47
No comparable office rate is available.
Salinas
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$520.45
No comparable office rate is available.
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$529.54
No comparable office rate is available.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (Marin Cnty)
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$591.69
No comparable office rate is available.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (San Francisco/San Mateo/Alameda/Contra Costa Cnty)
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$590.21
No comparable office rate is available.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty)
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$605.96
No comparable office rate is available.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (Santa Clara Cnty)
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$599.92
No comparable office rate is available.
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$512.66
No comparable office rate is available.
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$532.05
No comparable office rate is available.
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$521.54
No comparable office rate is available.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$537.09
No comparable office rate is available.
Stockton
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Vallejo
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$562.58
No comparable office rate is available.
Visalia
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Yuba City
California · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.16
No comparable office rate is available.
Colorado
Colorado · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$503.95
No comparable office rate is available.
Connecticut
Connecticut · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$527.41
No comparable office rate is available.
Delaware
Delaware · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$489.06
No comparable office rate is available.
Fort Lauderdale
Florida · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$533.59
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Florida
Florida · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$506.43
No comparable office rate is available.
Atlanta
Georgia · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$508.59
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Georgia
Georgia · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$477.30
No comparable office rate is available.
Hawaii, Guam
Hawaii · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$510.51
No comparable office rate is available.
Iowa
Iowa · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$448.40
No comparable office rate is available.
Idaho
Idaho · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$452.92
No comparable office rate is available.
East St. Louis
Illinois · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$519.83
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Illinois
Illinois · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$498.54
No comparable office rate is available.
Suburban Chicago
Illinois · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$536.90
No comparable office rate is available.
Indiana
Indiana · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$455.19
No comparable office rate is available.
Kansas
Kansas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$450.36
No comparable office rate is available.
Kentucky
Kentucky · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$464.54
No comparable office rate is available.
New Orleans
Louisiana · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$486.84
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Louisiana
Louisiana · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$465.43
No comparable office rate is available.
Metropolitan Boston
Massachusetts · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$546.44
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Massachusetts
Massachusetts · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.79
No comparable office rate is available.
Baltimore/Surr. Cntys
Maryland · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$526.77
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Maryland
Maryland · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$496.78
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Maine
Maine · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$459.39
No comparable office rate is available.
Southern Maine
Maine · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$477.12
No comparable office rate is available.
Detroit
Michigan · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$516.58
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Michigan
Michigan · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$479.69
No comparable office rate is available.
Minnesota
Minnesota · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$471.85
No comparable office rate is available.
Metropolitan Kansas City
Missouri · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$479.44
No comparable office rate is available.
Metropolitan St. Louis
Missouri · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$483.70
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Missouri
Missouri · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$460.51
No comparable office rate is available.
Mississippi
Mississippi · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$450.06
No comparable office rate is available.
Montana**
Montana · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$495.25
No comparable office rate is available.
North Carolina
North Carolina · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$463.30
No comparable office rate is available.
North Dakota**
North Dakota · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$469.54
No comparable office rate is available.
Nebraska
Nebraska · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$449.53
No comparable office rate is available.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$499.92
No comparable office rate is available.
Northern Nj
New Jersey · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$550.44
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of New Jersey
New Jersey · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$530.32
No comparable office rate is available.
New Mexico
New Mexico · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$483.80
No comparable office rate is available.
Nevada**
Nevada · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$488.33
No comparable office rate is available.
Nyc Suburbs/Long Island
New York · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$591.99
No comparable office rate is available.
Poughkpsie/N Nyc Suburbs
New York · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$537.00
No comparable office rate is available.
Queens
New York · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$572.26
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of New York
New York · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$470.23
No comparable office rate is available.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$459.53
No comparable office rate is available.
Portland
Oregon · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$514.65
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Oregon
Oregon · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$481.46
No comparable office rate is available.
Metropolitan Philadelphia
Pennsylvania · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$517.47
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$472.93
No comparable office rate is available.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$497.37
No comparable office rate is available.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$502.65
No comparable office rate is available.
South Carolina
South Carolina · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$470.27
No comparable office rate is available.
South Dakota**
South Dakota · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$466.50
No comparable office rate is available.
Tennessee
Tennessee · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$453.01
No comparable office rate is available.
Austin
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$504.96
No comparable office rate is available.
Beaumont
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$470.28
No comparable office rate is available.
Brazoria
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$485.25
No comparable office rate is available.
Dallas
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$490.06
No comparable office rate is available.
Fort Worth
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$488.19
No comparable office rate is available.
Galveston
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$487.82
No comparable office rate is available.
Houston
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$511.61
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Texas
Texas · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$478.67
No comparable office rate is available.
Utah
Utah · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$476.26
No comparable office rate is available.
Virginia
Virginia · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$478.42
No comparable office rate is available.
Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$497.37
No comparable office rate is available.
Vermont
Vermont · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$471.44
No comparable office rate is available.
Rest Of Washington
Washington · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$500.60
No comparable office rate is available.
Seattle (King Cnty)
Washington · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$553.20
No comparable office rate is available.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$455.03
No comparable office rate is available.
West Virginia
West Virginia · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$482.06
No comparable office rate is available.
Wyoming**
Wyoming · 23935
Office
Unavailable
Facility
$484.05
No comparable office rate is available.
See how rates vary across the country
23935 · Office / nonfacility · Non-QP. Choose a state to explore its payment localities. A range means the amount varies within that state.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View all state and territory rates as a table
| State / territory | Rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
Where does this rate apply?
Ohio is a Medicare payment area. Our Census mapping connects it to 1265 cities and communities in Ohio, including the examples shown here.
Some communities span more than one payment area. Follow a city link to compare all of its mapped areas, or check the service-location ZIP above for an address-level starting point.
Use this rate
What is a percentage of Medicare worth?
Turn a percentage into dollars for 23935 in Ohio. This uses the base rate on this page, so the locality and release stay consistent.
Reference amount per service
$521.88
$474.44 × 110% = $521.88
A contract may specify another Medicare year or additional adjustments. This is percentage arithmetic on the displayed base rate, not a claim adjudication.
Working with a whole code list?
Compare an offer across your annual code mix, including an older Medicare schedule or flat per-code rates.
How this local rate is calculated
Each RVU component is multiplied by its own geographic practice cost index (GPCI). The three adjusted components are added, then multiplied by the conversion factor. These are the inputs used for 23935 in Ohio.
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
2,255
- Code
- 23935
- Physician work
- 6.22
- Practice expense
- 7.31
- Malpractice
- 1.30
GPCI2026.csv
85
- Locality
- Ohio
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.913
- Malpractice
- 1.008
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 6.22 | × 1.000 | 6.2200 |
| Practice expense | 7.31 | × 0.913 | 6.6740 |
| Malpractice | 1.30 | × 1.008 | 1.3104 |
| Total RVUs | 14.2044 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Ohio$474.44
Open 23935 in the RVU calculator →
Explore RVUs, geographic factors and the full formula
Facility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 6.22 | 1 |
| Practice expense | 7.31 | 0.913 |
| Malpractice | 1.3 | 1.008 |
(6.22 × 1 + 7.31 × 0.913 + 1.3 × 1.008) × $33.4009 = $474.44
The office and facility calculations use their respective practice-expense RVUs. The facility amount here is the physician fee, not a separate hospital or facility bill.
How this rate has changed
23935 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
Explore release dates and calculate this code in an earlier period →
Each row uses the accepted CMS release effective on that date and the same contractor and locality identifiers. Missing rates stay visible. Historical boundaries may differ; verify the service address for an older claim.
Inspect every release and its CMS source
| Effective from | Office / nonfacility | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $474.44 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $474.44 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $474.44 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $474.44 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $491.03 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $491.03 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $491.03 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $491.03 | RVU25A |
23935 billing questions
When should I choose 23935 instead of 23930?
Use 23935 when the surgeon opens the bone cortex of the humerus or elbow to drain the deep site. Code 23930 describes deep drainage in the upper arm or elbow area without that cortical opening.
How is 23935 different from drainage of an elbow bursa?
23935 involves opening the humerus or elbow cortex. Use 23931 when the operative target is an upper-arm or elbow bursa.
What documentation supports 23935?
The operative report should identify the humerus or elbow site and describe the deep approach, cortical opening, and drainage performed.
What does the 90-day global period include?
The day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included in the global period.
Can 23935 be reported bilaterally?
For a bilateral procedure, CMS pays the service with modifier 50 at 150%.
When can an assistant surgeon be paid?
Assistant-at-surgery payment is allowed only when medical necessity is documented. CMS does not permit co-surgeons or team surgery for this code.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
2,25223929,,Unlisted procedure shoulder,C,,0.00,0.00,,0.00,,0.00,0.00,0.00,0,YYY,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,2,1,1,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25323930,,I&d upr a/e dp absc/hmtma,A,,2.92,7.88,,2.61,,0.61,11.41,6.14,0,010,0.10,0.80,0.10,2,1,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25423931,,I&d upr a/e bursa,A,,1.79,7.56,,2.61,,0.35,9.70,4.75,0,010,0.10,0.80,0.10,2,1,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25523935,,Inc dp opn b1 crtx hum/elbw,A,,6.22,7.31,NA,7.31,,1.30,14.83,14.83,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25624000,,Arthrt elbw expl drg/rmvl fb,A,,5.93,6.66,NA,6.66,,1.22,13.81,13.81,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25724006,,Arthrt elbw capsl exc rls,A,,9.50,8.46,NA,8.46,,1.93,19.89,19.89,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,2,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,25824065,,Biopsy arm/elbow soft tissue,A,,2.08,5.49,,2.09,,0.28,7.85,4.45,0,010,0.10,0.80,0.10,2,1,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
8213282,NY,99,REST OF NEW YORK,1.000,0.950,0.703
8311502,NC,00,NORTH CAROLINA,1.000,0.933,0.639
8403302,ND,01,NORTH DAKOTA**,1.000,1.000,0.406
8515202,OH,00,OHIO,1.000,0.913,1.008
8604312,OK,00,OKLAHOMA,1.000,0.893,0.777
8702302,OR,01,PORTLAND,1.016,1.111,0.744
8802302,OR,99,REST OF OREGON,1.000,0.996,0.703