67027 is surgical implantation of a drug delivery system that releases medication over time; 67028 is a needle injection of medication into the vitreous cavity.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
67028 in Redding
Office / nonfacility
$119.45
Base rate per service
Facility setting
$76.98
Base rate per service
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
Ophthalmology procedure
About 67028: Intravitreal injection of medication
Intravitreal medication injection through the pars plana is reported for a treated eye, commonly for neovascular macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, or retinal vein occlusion.
A retina specialist or ophthalmologist injects medication through the pars plana into the vitreous cavity after ocular anesthesia and antiseptic preparation, often using a lid speculum. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment is common for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and macular edema from retinal vein occlusion; steroids and antibiotics are other possible agents. Injections occur primarily in the office but may also take place in an outpatient facility. The procedure code captures the injection; the medication supplied is reported separately under its applicable HCPCS drug code.
Document laterality, medication and dose, indication, and injection technique. For one treated eye, report one unit with RT or LT; for both eyes in the same session, report one unit with modifier 50, paid at 150% of the unilateral amount. CMS assigns a 0-day global period, including same-day preoperative and postoperative care; a separately identifiable E/M requires modifier 25. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued is paid in full and others at 50%. Assistant-at-surgery services are not paid; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 67028
- Global period
- Minor procedure with a 0-day global period: same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral procedure with modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
- Assistant at surgery
- Statutory restriction: assistant at surgery is not paid.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons not permitted.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU1.40 · 41%
- Practice expense (office) RVU1.91 · 56%
- Malpractice RVU0.11 · 3%
3.6M
Medicare services in 2024 · #53 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
67028 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Redding, from the same CMS release.
67025 addresses injection of a vitreous substitute, such as gas or fluid, to replace vitreous; 67028 applies to medication injected into the vitreous cavity.
66030 delivers medication into the anterior chamber; 67028 delivers it into the vitreous cavity.
67515 injects medication into Tenon's capsule outside the globe, such as a sub-Tenon steroid; 67028 delivers medication into the vitreous cavity.
The same code, a different location
How does Redding compare?
In Bakersfield, the office rate for 67028 is $119.81—$0.36 higher than the $119.45 rate in Redding. Both use the same code, release and participation basis.
67028 across payment areas
Same release and payment basis · bars start at $0
Redding · This locality
$119.45
$119.81
$0.36 higher than Redding
$119.45
The same base rate than Redding
$119.46
$0.01 higher than Redding
$119.45
The same base rate than Redding
$119.45
The same base rate than Redding
$7.14 higher than Redding
Other payment areas listed in California appear first, followed by selected cross-country examples. The chart compares amounts, not distance.
Across 109 of 109 CMS payment localities with a supported office rate, 67028 ranges from $103.45 in Arkansas to $145.87 in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty). This is a geographic range, not an average.
The code’s RVUs stay the same in these comparisons. Geographic adjustments to work, practice expense and malpractice change the dollar amount. A city name alone may not identify the payment area for a service address.
Compare all 108 other payment areas
Madera
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Merced
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Modesto
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Napa
California · 67028
Office
$135.66
Facility
$84.59
$16.21 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura
California · 67028
Office
$125.77
Facility
$79.97
$6.32 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of California
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
California · 67028
Office
$120.66
Facility
$78.19
$1.21 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom
California · 67028
Office
$124.61
Facility
$79.55
$5.16 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Salinas
California · 67028
Office
$124.12
Facility
$79.21
$4.67 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad
California · 67028
Office
$126.46
Facility
$80.12
$7.01 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (Marin Cnty)
California · 67028
Office
$142.84
Facility
$88.21
$23.39 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (San Francisco/San Mateo/Alameda/Contra Costa Cnty)
California · 67028
Office
$142.72
Facility
$88.09
$23.27 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty)
California · 67028
Office
$145.87
Facility
$90.00
$26.42 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (Santa Clara Cnty)
California · 67028
Office
$145.36
Facility
$89.49
$25.91 higher than Redding for the office setting.
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles
California · 67028
Office
$122.19
Facility
$78.06
$2.74 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
California · 67028
Office
$127.22
Facility
$80.15
$7.77 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara
California · 67028
Office
$124.43
Facility
$79.25
$4.98 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
California · 67028
Office
$128.47
Facility
$80.90
$9.02 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Stockton
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Vallejo
California · 67028
Office
$135.48
Facility
$84.41
$16.03 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Visalia
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Yuba City
California · 67028
Office
$119.45
Facility
$76.98
The same base rate than Redding for the office setting.
Dc + Md/Va Suburbs
District of Columbia · 67028
Office
$128.53
Facility
$82.89
$9.08 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Miami
Florida · 67028
Office
$122.46
Facility
$82.13
$3.01 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Chicago
Illinois · 67028
Office
$119.64
Facility
$80.70
$0.19 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Manhattan
New York · 67028
Office
$129.71
Facility
$84.69
$10.26 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Alaska*
Alaska · 67028
Office
$140.11
Facility
$98.85
$20.66 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Alabama
Alabama · 67028
Office
$104.66
Facility
$70.76
$14.79 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Arkansas
Arkansas · 67028
Office
$103.45
Facility
$70.17
$16.00 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Arizona
Arizona · 67028
Office
$111.72
Facility
$74.18
$7.73 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Colorado
Colorado · 67028
Office
$118.07
Facility
$76.85
$1.38 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Connecticut
Connecticut · 67028
Office
$120.85
Facility
$79.12
$1.40 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Delaware
Delaware · 67028
Office
$113.33
Facility
$75.05
$6.12 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Fort Lauderdale
Florida · 67028
Office
$118.03
Facility
$78.78
$1.42 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Florida
Florida · 67028
Office
$113.27
Facility
$76.23
$6.18 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Atlanta
Georgia · 67028
Office
$116.13
Facility
$76.77
$3.32 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Georgia
Georgia · 67028
Office
$108.05
Facility
$73.49
$11.40 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Hawaii, Guam
Hawaii · 67028
Office
$121.42
Facility
$77.37
$1.97 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Iowa
Iowa · 67028
Office
$106.59
Facility
$71.14
$12.86 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Idaho
Idaho · 67028
Office
$107.19
Facility
$71.55
$12.26 lower than Redding for the office setting.
East St. Louis
Illinois · 67028
Office
$112.85
Facility
$77.21
$6.60 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Illinois
Illinois · 67028
Office
$110.75
Facility
$75.38
$8.70 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Suburban Chicago
Illinois · 67028
Office
$119.12
Facility
$79.33
$0.33 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Indiana
Indiana · 67028
Office
$107.69
Facility
$71.77
$11.76 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Kansas
Kansas · 67028
Office
$106.28
Facility
$71.26
$13.17 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Kentucky
Kentucky · 67028
Office
$106.84
Facility
$72.39
$12.61 lower than Redding for the office setting.
New Orleans
Louisiana · 67028
Office
$110.97
Facility
$74.51
$8.48 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Louisiana
Louisiana · 67028
Office
$106.74
Facility
$72.45
$12.71 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Metropolitan Boston
Massachusetts · 67028
Office
$128.12
Facility
$81.86
$8.67 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Massachusetts
Massachusetts · 67028
Office
$117.61
Facility
$76.82
$1.84 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Baltimore/Surr. Cntys
Maryland · 67028
Office
$120.51
Facility
$78.93
$1.06 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Maryland
Maryland · 67028
Office
$115.16
Facility
$75.95
$4.29 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Maine
Maine · 67028
Office
$107.74
Facility
$72.09
$11.71 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Southern Maine
Maine · 67028
Office
$112.30
Facility
$73.90
$7.15 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Detroit
Michigan · 67028
Office
$114.52
Facility
$77.13
$4.93 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Michigan
Michigan · 67028
Office
$109.15
Facility
$73.78
$10.30 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Minnesota
Minnesota · 67028
Office
$113.49
Facility
$73.63
$5.96 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Metropolitan Kansas City
Missouri · 67028
Office
$110.26
Facility
$73.87
$9.19 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Metropolitan St. Louis
Missouri · 67028
Office
$111.18
Facility
$74.29
$8.27 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Missouri
Missouri · 67028
Office
$105.33
Facility
$71.93
$14.12 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Mississippi
Mississippi · 67028
Office
$104.40
Facility
$71.05
$15.05 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Montana**
Montana · 67028
Office
$114.22
Facility
$75.48
$5.23 lower than Redding for the office setting.
North Carolina
North Carolina · 67028
Office
$108.63
Facility
$72.48
$10.82 lower than Redding for the office setting.
North Dakota**
North Dakota · 67028
Office
$112.05
Facility
$73.30
$7.40 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Nebraska
Nebraska · 67028
Office
$107.03
Facility
$71.27
$12.42 lower than Redding for the office setting.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire · 67028
Office
$116.39
Facility
$76.05
$3.06 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Northern Nj
New Jersey · 67028
Office
$127.63
Facility
$82.69
$8.18 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of New Jersey
New Jersey · 67028
Office
$122.33
Facility
$80.02
$2.88 higher than Redding for the office setting.
New Mexico
New Mexico · 67028
Office
$109.67
Facility
$74.15
$9.78 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Nevada**
Nevada · 67028
Office
$113.68
Facility
$74.90
$5.77 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Nyc Suburbs/Long Island
New York · 67028
Office
$132.43
Facility
$86.36
$12.98 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Poughkpsie/N Nyc Suburbs
New York · 67028
Office
$123.17
Facility
$80.74
$3.72 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Queens
New York · 67028
Office
$130.46
Facility
$84.66
$11.01 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of New York
New York · 67028
Office
$109.95
Facility
$73.14
$9.50 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Ohio
Ohio · 67028
Office
$108.71
Facility
$73.34
$10.74 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma · 67028
Office
$106.59
Facility
$71.99
$12.86 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Portland
Oregon · 67028
Office
$121.12
Facility
$78.07
$1.67 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Oregon
Oregon · 67028
Office
$112.88
Facility
$74.29
$6.57 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Metropolitan Philadelphia
Pennsylvania · 67028
Office
$118.40
Facility
$78.06
$1.05 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania · 67028
Office
$108.80
Facility
$73.23
$10.65 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico · 67028
Office
$114.88
Facility
$75.71
$4.57 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island · 67028
Office
$116.83
Facility
$76.80
$2.62 lower than Redding for the office setting.
South Carolina
South Carolina · 67028
Office
$108.83
Facility
$73.03
$10.62 lower than Redding for the office setting.
South Dakota**
South Dakota · 67028
Office
$111.79
Facility
$73.05
$7.66 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Tennessee
Tennessee · 67028
Office
$106.72
Facility
$71.51
$12.73 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Austin
Texas · 67028
Office
$117.61
Facility
$76.61
$1.84 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Beaumont
Texas · 67028
Office
$108.23
Facility
$72.97
$11.22 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Brazoria
Texas · 67028
Office
$113.22
Facility
$74.83
$6.23 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Dallas
Texas · 67028
Office
$113.88
Facility
$75.28
$5.57 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Fort Worth
Texas · 67028
Office
$113.28
Facility
$75.08
$6.17 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Galveston
Texas · 67028
Office
$113.53
Facility
$75.05
$5.92 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Houston
Texas · 67028
Office
$115.54
Facility
$77.07
$3.91 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Texas
Texas · 67028
Office
$110.62
Facility
$73.85
$8.83 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Utah
Utah · 67028
Office
$110.03
Facility
$73.61
$9.42 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Virginia
Virginia · 67028
Office
$112.07
Facility
$73.98
$7.38 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands · 67028
Office
$114.88
Facility
$75.71
$4.57 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Vermont
Vermont · 67028
Office
$111.78
Facility
$73.42
$7.67 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Rest Of Washington
Washington · 67028
Office
$117.34
Facility
$76.54
$2.11 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Seattle (King Cnty)
Washington · 67028
Office
$130.38
Facility
$82.84
$10.93 higher than Redding for the office setting.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin · 67028
Office
$109.01
Facility
$71.89
$10.44 lower than Redding for the office setting.
West Virginia
West Virginia · 67028
Office
$107.46
Facility
$73.79
$11.99 lower than Redding for the office setting.
Wyoming**
Wyoming · 67028
Office
$113.28
Facility
$74.53
$6.17 lower than Redding for the office setting.
See how rates vary across the country
67028 · Office / nonfacility · Non-QP. Choose a state to explore its payment localities. A range means the amount varies within that state.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$103.45
$140.11
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View all state and territory rates as a table
| State / territory | Rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $140.11 | 1 |
| AL | $104.66 | 1 |
| AR | $103.45 | 1 |
| AZ | $111.72 | 1 |
| CA | $119.45–$145.87 | 29 |
| CO | $118.07 | 1 |
| CT | $120.85 | 1 |
| DC | $128.53 | 1 |
| DE | $113.33 | 1 |
| FL | $113.27–$122.46 | 3 |
| GA | $108.05–$116.13 | 2 |
| GU | $121.42 | 1 |
| HI | $121.42 | 1 |
| IA | $106.59 | 1 |
| ID | $107.19 | 1 |
| IL | $110.75–$119.64 | 4 |
| IN | $107.69 | 1 |
| KS | $106.28 | 1 |
| KY | $106.84 | 1 |
| LA | $106.74–$110.97 | 2 |
| MA | $117.61–$128.12 | 2 |
| MD | $115.16–$128.53 | 3 |
| ME | $107.74–$112.30 | 2 |
| MI | $109.15–$114.52 | 2 |
| MN | $113.49 | 1 |
| MO | $105.33–$111.18 | 3 |
| MS | $104.40 | 1 |
| MT | $114.22 | 1 |
| NC | $108.63 | 1 |
| ND | $112.05 | 1 |
| NE | $107.03 | 1 |
| NH | $116.39 | 1 |
| NJ | $122.33–$127.63 | 2 |
| NM | $109.67 | 1 |
| NV | $113.68 | 1 |
| NY | $109.95–$132.43 | 5 |
| OH | $108.71 | 1 |
| OK | $106.59 | 1 |
| OR | $112.88–$121.12 | 2 |
| PA | $108.80–$118.40 | 2 |
| PR | $114.88 | 1 |
| RI | $116.83 | 1 |
| SC | $108.83 | 1 |
| SD | $111.79 | 1 |
| TN | $106.72 | 1 |
| TX | $108.23–$117.61 | 8 |
| UT | $110.03 | 1 |
| VA | $112.07–$128.53 | 2 |
| VI | $114.88 | 1 |
| VT | $111.78 | 1 |
| WA | $117.34–$130.38 | 2 |
| WI | $109.01 | 1 |
| WV | $107.46 | 1 |
| WY | $113.28 | 1 |
Where does this rate apply?
Redding is a Medicare payment area. Our Census mapping connects it to 32 cities and communities in California, including the examples shown here.
Some communities span more than one payment area. Follow a city link to compare all of its mapped areas, or check the service-location ZIP above for an address-level starting point.
Why are the office and facility amounts different?
For 67028 in Redding, the physician’s office rate is $119.45 and the facility-setting rate is $76.98: a difference of $42.47.
The calculation uses a different practice-expense RVU for each setting. Both amounts here are physician fee-schedule amounts. The facility figure does not include a hospital’s separate charges, so this comparison does not tell you the total cost of receiving care in each setting.
Use this rate
What is a percentage of Medicare worth?
Turn a percentage into dollars for 67028 in Redding. This uses the base rate on this page, so the locality and release stay consistent.
Reference amount per service
$131.40
$119.45 × 110% = $131.40
A contract may specify another Medicare year or additional adjustments. This is percentage arithmetic on the displayed base rate, not a claim adjudication.
Working with a whole code list?
Compare an offer across your annual code mix, including an older Medicare schedule or flat per-code rates.
How this local rate is calculated
Each RVU component is multiplied by its own geographic practice cost index (GPCI). The three adjusted components are added, then multiplied by the conversion factor. These are the inputs used for 67028 in Redding.
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
7,421
- Code
- 67028
- Physician work
- 1.40
- Practice expense
- 1.91
- Malpractice
- 0.11
GPCI2026.csv
19
- Locality
- Redding
- Physician work
- 1.017
- Practice expense
- 1.096
- Malpractice
- 0.536
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.40 | × 1.017 | 1.4238 |
| Practice expense | 1.91 | × 1.096 | 2.0934 |
| Malpractice | 0.11 | × 0.536 | 0.0590 |
| Total RVUs | 3.5761 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office / nonfacility rate, Redding$119.45
Open 67028 in the RVU calculator →
Explore RVUs, geographic factors and the full formula
Office / nonfacility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 1.4 | 1.017 |
| Practice expense | 1.91 | 1.096 |
| Malpractice | 0.11 | 0.536 |
(1.4 × 1.017 + 1.91 × 1.096 + 0.11 × 0.536) × $33.4009 = $119.45
Facility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 1.4 | 1.017 |
| Practice expense | 0.75 | 1.096 |
| Malpractice | 0.11 | 0.536 |
(1.4 × 1.017 + 0.75 × 1.096 + 0.11 × 0.536) × $33.4009 = $76.98
The office and facility calculations use their respective practice-expense RVUs. The facility amount here is the physician fee, not a separate hospital or facility bill.
How this rate has changed
67028 · Office / nonfacility
$119.45
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $6.05 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $113.40 to $119.45 (5.3%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$113.40changed to$119.45
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 1.44 changed to 1.40
- Practice expense RVU 1.81 changed to 1.91
- Malpractice RVU 0.12 changed to 0.11
- Work GPCI 1.014 changed to 1.017
- Practice expense GPCI 1.093 changed to 1.096
- Malpractice GPCI 0.560 changed to 0.536
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
Earliest loaded release: $113.40
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
Explore release dates and calculate this code in an earlier period →
Each row uses the accepted CMS release effective on that date and the same contractor and locality identifiers. Missing rates stay visible. Historical boundaries may differ; verify the service address for an older claim.
Inspect every release and its CMS source
67028 billing questions
Is the drug included in this code?
No. The code covers the injection procedure. Bill the medication separately using its applicable HCPCS code, such as J0178 for aflibercept or J2778 for ranibizumab, with units based on the dose supplied.
How are injections in both eyes in the same session billed to Medicare?
Report one procedure unit with modifier 50, which CMS pays at 150% of the unilateral amount. Report drug units based on the dose supplied for both eyes.
Can an office visit be billed on the injection day?
Yes, if the documentation supports a significant, separately identifiable E/M service beyond routine injection-related assessment and care; append modifier 25 to the E/M code. A planned injection visit with only brief pre-injection assessment is included in the 0-day global period.
Can retinal OCT be billed on an injection day?
Retinal OCT (92134) may be reported on the same date when it is medically necessary to assess the retina and its interpretation is documented.
Should this code be reported for a drug injected during vitrectomy?
An injection integral to a vitrectomy in the same eye is not reported separately as 67028. Use 67028 for a distinct intravitreal injection service.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
