$1,069.74
93455 covers coronary and bypass-graft angiography without left-heart catheterization. Choose 93459 when left-heart catheterization is also performed.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
93459 Cardiac catheterization Medicare reimbursement rates in Hawaii
Reports diagnostic left-heart catheterization with coronary and bypass-graft angiography, with left ventriculography included when performed during the study. Compare 93459 office and facility rates across CMS payment localities in Hawaii.
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
What does Medicare pay for 93459 in Hawaii?
Hawaii has 1 payment locality in this comparison. Use the service location to choose the applicable amount. These are the supported base rates for the payment area shown below, using the same CMS release.
Office / nonfacility
$1184.16
1 of 1 localities have a supported rate.
Payment area: Hawaii, Guam
One mapped payment locality.
Facility setting
No supported rate
These are locality ranges, not averages or address-specific quotes. A facility-setting amount covers the physician service; it does not include a hospital’s separate bill. Choose a locality below to inspect its calculation, compare other payment areas, or price a percentage of Medicare.
Cardiac catheterization
About 93459: Left heart catheterization with graft angiography
Reports diagnostic left-heart catheterization with coronary and bypass-graft angiography, with left ventriculography included when performed during the study.
A cardiologist or other qualified physician performs this invasive diagnostic study, usually in a hospital catheterization laboratory. It combines left-heart catheterization with imaging of the native coronary arteries and bypass grafts, such as saphenous vein or internal mammary artery grafts, in a patient with prior coronary artery bypass surgery. Left ventriculography may be performed as part of the study, but is not required for the code.
Select 93459 when the documented service includes left-heart catheterization, coronary angiography, and bypass-graft angiography; the record should identify the catheterization and the native-vessel and graft imaging performed. The code includes the diagnostic imaging supervision and interpretation. CMS allows global billing or separate professional interpretation (modifier 26) and technical service (modifier TC). It has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 93459
- Global period
- Minor procedure with a 0-day global period: same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included.
- Professional and technical components
- Diagnostic test with a professional component (modifier 26, interpretation) and a technical component (modifier TC, equipment and staff); billing without a modifier is the global service.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral adjustment does not apply; the descriptor or anatomy makes modifier 50 inappropriate.
- Assistant at surgery
- Assistant at surgery is paid only with documentation of medical necessity.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons not permitted.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU6.19 · 19%
- Practice expense (office) RVU25.08 · 77%
- Malpractice RVU1.29 · 4%
52.7K
Medicare services in 2024 · #761 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
93459 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Hawaii, from the same CMS release.
$1,102.37
Both include left-heart catheterization and coronary angiography; 93459 also includes bypass-graft angiography.
$1,447.02
93461 includes right-heart catheterization in addition to the left-heart, coronary, and bypass-graft study. Use 93459 when the study does not include right-heart catheterization.
Compare 93459 by payment locality
Find the payment area for your service address, then open its rate page for calculation inputs, release history and the percentage-of-Medicare tool. A city may cross payment-area boundaries; the ZIP lookup above helps resolve the location.
1 of 1 payment localities
Hawaii, Guam →
Office / nonfacility
$1184.16
Facility
Unavailable
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How this local rate is calculated
Each RVU component is multiplied by its own geographic practice cost index (GPCI). The three adjusted components are added, then multiplied by the conversion factor. These are the inputs used for 93459 in Hawaii, Guam.
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
12,115
- Code
- 93459
- Physician work
- 6.19
- Practice expense
- 25.08
- Malpractice
- 1.29
GPCI2026.csv
46
- Locality
- Hawaii, Guam
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.137
- Malpractice
- 0.579
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 6.19 | × 1.000 | 6.1900 |
| Practice expense | 25.08 | × 1.137 | 28.5160 |
| Malpractice | 1.29 | × 0.579 | 0.7469 |
| Total RVUs | 35.4529 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office / nonfacility rate, Hawaii, Guam$1184.16
Explore RVUs, geographic factors and the full formula
Office / nonfacility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 6.19 | 1 |
| Practice expense | 25.08 | 1.137 |
| Malpractice | 1.29 | 0.579 |
(6.19 × 1 + 25.08 × 1.137 + 1.29 × 0.579) × $33.4009 = $1184.16
The office and facility calculations use their respective practice-expense RVUs. The facility amount here is the physician fee, not a separate hospital or facility bill.
93459 billing questions
When should 93459 be chosen over 93458?
Use 93459 when the left-heart catheterization and coronary angiography include bypass-graft angiography. Use 93458 when graft angiography is not part of the study.
Is left ventriculography required?
No. Left ventriculography may be performed during the study, but it is not required for 93459.
Can coronary or graft angiography be billed separately?
The coronary and bypass-graft imaging and its supervision and interpretation are included in 93459 for the same study. Do not separately report 93455 for that same imaging.
How are the professional and technical services reported?
Report modifier 26 for the professional interpretation or modifier TC for the technical service. Reporting without either modifier represents the global service.
How does the multiple-procedure rule affect payment?
For multiple procedures in the same session, CMS pays the highest-valued procedure in full and pays other procedures at 50%.
What documentation is needed for an assistant at surgery?
Document the medical necessity for the assistant. CMS pays an assistant at surgery for this code only when that necessity is documented.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
12,11293458,,L hrt artery/ventricle angio,A,,5.46,23.65,,23.65,NA,1.13,30.24,30.24,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11393458,26,L hrt artery/ventricle angio,A,,5.46,2.06,,2.06,,1.08,8.60,8.60,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11493458,TC,L hrt artery/ventricle angio,A,,0.00,21.59,,21.59,NA,0.05,21.64,21.64,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,0,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,03,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11593459,,L hrt art/grft angio,A,,6.19,25.08,,25.08,NA,1.29,32.56,32.56,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11693459,26,L hrt art/grft angio,A,,6.19,2.34,,2.34,,1.23,9.76,9.76,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11793459,TC,L hrt art/grft angio,A,,0.00,22.74,,22.74,NA,0.06,22.80,22.80,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,0,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,03,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
12,11893460,,R&l hrt art/ventricle angio,A,,6.92,27.78,,27.78,NA,1.40,36.10,36.10,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
4309102,FL,99,REST OF FLORIDA,1.000,0.956,1.503
4410212,GA,01,ATLANTA,1.003,1.016,1.201
4510212,GA,99,REST OF GEORGIA,1.000,0.892,1.192
4601212,HI,01,"HAWAII, GUAM",1.000,1.137,0.579
4702202,ID,00,IDAHO,1.000,0.920,0.473
4806102,IL,16,CHICAGO,1.007,1.005,2.295
4906102,IL,12,EAST ST. LOUIS,1.000,0.920,2.014