$101.94
54230 is the contrast-imaging procedure for cavernosography. Use 54231 for dynamic pressure and flow measurements; both may be performed during the same diagnostic evaluation.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
54231 Cavernosometry Medicare reimbursement rates in Iowa
Dynamic cavernosometry measures penile blood-flow and pressure response during a pharmacologically induced erection to evaluate suspected vascular causes of erectile dysfunction. Compare 54231 office and facility rates across CMS payment localities in Iowa.
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
What does Medicare pay for 54231 in Iowa?
Iowa has 1 payment locality in this comparison. Use the service location to choose the applicable amount. These are the supported base rates for the payment area shown below, using the same CMS release.
Office / nonfacility
$137.63
1 of 1 localities have a supported rate.
Payment area: Iowa
One mapped payment locality.
Facility setting
$97.29
1 of 1 localities have a supported rate.
Payment area: Iowa
One mapped payment locality.
These are locality ranges, not averages or address-specific quotes. A facility-setting amount covers the physician service; it does not include a hospital’s separate bill. Choose a locality below to inspect its calculation, compare other payment areas, or price a percentage of Medicare.
Urology diagnostic
About 54231: Dynamic penile cavernosometry study
Dynamic cavernosometry measures penile blood-flow and pressure response during a pharmacologically induced erection to evaluate suspected vascular causes of erectile dysfunction.
Dynamic cavernosometry is an invasive physiologic study used mainly by urologists to assess penile blood flow and pressure in men with erectile dysfunction when a vascular cause, such as impaired venous occlusion, is suspected. After medication induces an erection, the clinician infuses fluid into the corpora cavernosa and records pressure and flow measurements. The study may be performed in a urology office or facility setting.
Report 54231 when the clinician performs and documents the dynamic pressure-and-flow assessment, rather than an injection or imaging study alone. The record should support the indication, pharmacologic response, measurements, and clinical interpretation. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. When multiple procedures are performed in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 54231
- Global period
- Minor procedure with a 0-day global period: same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral adjustment does not apply; the descriptor or anatomy makes modifier 50 inappropriate.
- Assistant at surgery
- Statutory restriction: assistant at surgery is not paid.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons not permitted.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU1.99 · 45%
- Practice expense (office) RVU2.22 · 50%
- Malpractice RVU0.25 · 6%
92
Medicare services in 2024 · #4942 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
54231 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Iowa, from the same CMS release.
$87.49
54235 describes injection of a therapeutic agent into the corpora cavernosa. It does not represent the dynamic pressure-and-flow assessment reported with 54231.
$103.78
54240 is penile plethysmography, a separate method of evaluating erectile response. Choose 54231 when the clinician performs invasive cavernosal pressure and flow measurements.
$115.58
54250 evaluates nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity. It is distinct from the induced, invasive hemodynamic study reported with 54231.
Compare 54231 by payment locality
Find the payment area for your service address, then open its rate page for calculation inputs, release history and the percentage-of-Medicare tool. A city may cross payment-area boundaries; the ZIP lookup above helps resolve the location.
1 of 1 payment localities
Iowa →
Office / nonfacility
$137.63
Facility
$97.29
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How this local rate is calculated
Each RVU component is multiplied by its own geographic practice cost index (GPCI). The three adjusted components are added, then multiplied by the conversion factor. These are the inputs used for 54231 in Iowa.
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
6,264
- Code
- 54231
- Physician work
- 1.99
- Practice expense
- 2.22
- Malpractice
- 0.25
GPCI2026.csv
53
- Locality
- Iowa
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.915
- Malpractice
- 0.397
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.99 | × 1.000 | 1.9900 |
| Practice expense | 2.22 | × 0.915 | 2.0313 |
| Malpractice | 0.25 | × 0.397 | 0.0993 |
| Total RVUs | 4.1205 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office / nonfacility rate, Iowa$137.63
Explore RVUs, geographic factors and the full formula
Office / nonfacility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 1.99 | 1 |
| Practice expense | 2.22 | 0.915 |
| Malpractice | 0.25 | 0.397 |
(1.99 × 1 + 2.22 × 0.915 + 0.25 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $137.63
Facility
| Component | RVU | Local GPCI |
|---|---|---|
| Work | 1.99 | 1 |
| Practice expense | 0.9 | 0.915 |
| Malpractice | 0.25 | 0.397 |
(1.99 × 1 + 0.9 × 0.915 + 0.25 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $97.29
The office and facility calculations use their respective practice-expense RVUs. The facility amount here is the physician fee, not a separate hospital or facility bill.
54231 billing questions
How is 54231 different from cavernosography?
54231 reports dynamic pressure and flow measurements during a pharmacologically induced erection. Cavernosography uses contrast imaging to show penile venous anatomy and may be performed with cavernosometry.
Does the pharmacologic injection alone support 54231?
No. The service involves a dynamic hemodynamic assessment, not simply injecting an agent into the corpora cavernosa.
What documentation supports reporting this code?
Document the clinical reason for the study, the pharmacologic response, the pressure and flow measurements, and the clinician’s interpretation of the findings.
Should modifier 50 be appended?
No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code’s descriptor and anatomy.
How does the multiple-procedure reduction affect payment?
When 54231 is performed with other procedures in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the other procedure or procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
6,26154205,,Njx px peyronie ds exps plaq,A,,8.75,4.74,NA,4.74,,1.13,14.62,14.62,0,090,0.10,0.80,0.10,2,0,2,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26254220,,Irrg crpra cavrnosa priapism,A,,2.36,4.76,,1.09,,0.43,7.55,3.88,0,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26354230,,Njx corpora cavernosograpy,A,,1.31,1.83,,0.71,,0.17,3.31,2.19,0,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26454231,,Dynamic cavernosometry,A,,1.99,2.22,,0.90,,0.25,4.46,3.14,0,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26554235,,Njx corpora cavernosa rx agt,A,,1.16,1.53,,0.73,,0.15,2.84,2.04,0,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,2,0,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26654240,,Penile plethysmography,A,,1.28,1.91,,1.91,NA,0.20,3.39,3.39,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,0,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
6,26754240,26,Penile plethysmography,A,,1.28,0.53,,0.53,,0.18,1.99,1.99,1,000,0.00,0.00,0.00,0,0,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
5006102,IL,15,SUBURBAN CHICAGO,1.007,1.027,1.772
5106102,IL,99,REST OF ILLINOIS,1.000,0.913,1.563
5208102,IN,00,INDIANA,1.000,0.927,0.486
5305102,IA,00,IOWA,1.000,0.915,0.397
5405202,KS,00,KANSAS,1.000,0.904,0.504
5515102,KY,00,KENTUCKY,1.000,0.889,0.915
5607202,LA,01,NEW ORLEANS,1.000,0.941,1.136