$560.18–$620.45
Choose 28310 for the great toe’s proximal phalanx; 28312 is for phalanges of other toes.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
28310 Toe osteotomy Medicare reimbursement rates in Pennsylvania
A foot surgeon reshapes the proximal phalanx of the great toe to correct angular or rotational deformity, including an Akin-type correction. Compare 28310 office and facility rates across CMS payment localities in Pennsylvania.
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
What does Medicare pay for 28310 in Pennsylvania?
Pennsylvania has 2 payment localities in this comparison. Use the service location to choose the applicable amount. These are the supported base rates for the 2 payment areas shown below, using the same CMS release.
Office / nonfacility
$534.28–$587.54
2 of 2 localities have a supported rate.
Facility setting
$336.51–$363.28
2 of 2 localities have a supported rate.
These are locality ranges, not averages or address-specific quotes. A facility-setting amount covers the physician service; it does not include a hospital’s separate bill. Choose a locality below to inspect its calculation, compare other payment areas, or price a percentage of Medicare.
Foot surgery
About 28310: First-toe proximal phalanx osteotomy
A foot surgeon reshapes the proximal phalanx of the great toe to correct angular or rotational deformity, including an Akin-type correction.
This procedure uses a bone cut in the proximal phalanx of the great toe to change its alignment or length. Foot and ankle orthopedic surgeons and podiatrists may perform it for a phalangeal deformity, such as hallux valgus interphalangeus, or as an Akin-type correction during hallux valgus surgery. It is performed in an operating room or, in selected cases, an office-based procedure setting. It addresses the toe bone, not the first metatarsal.
Report the code when the operative work is an osteotomy of the great toe’s proximal phalanx. The operative report should identify the bone, the deformity and the correction performed, and clarify whether the osteotomy is part of a broader hallux valgus procedure. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted; co-surgeons require supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 28310
- Global period
- Major surgery with a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral procedure with modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
- Assistant at surgery
- Statutory restriction: assistant at surgery is not paid.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons paid only with supporting documentation.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU5.43 · 32%
- Practice expense (office) RVU10.82 · 64%
- Malpractice RVU0.67 · 4%
1.9K
Medicare services in 2024 · #2524 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
28310 compared with similar codes
Office rates for Pennsylvania, from the same CMS release.
$811.45–$894.90
28298 describes hallux valgus correction that includes a proximal phalanx osteotomy. Use 28310 when reporting the phalanx osteotomy itself rather than that combined correction.
$593.51–$653.70
28306 is an osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Code 28310 targets the proximal phalanx of the great toe.
$833.77–$917.66
28296 represents hallux valgus correction with a first metatarsal osteotomy; 28310 is directed to the great-toe proximal phalanx.
Compare 28310 by payment locality
Find the payment area for your service address, then open its rate page for calculation inputs, release history and the percentage-of-Medicare tool. A city may cross payment-area boundaries; the ZIP lookup above helps resolve the location.
2 of 2 payment localities
Metropolitan Philadelphia →
Office / nonfacility
$587.54
Facility
$363.28
Rest Of Pennsylvania →
Office / nonfacility
$534.28
Facility
$336.51
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28310 billing questions
How is this different from 28312?
This code is for an osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Code 28312 covers phalanges of other toes.
When should 28298 be considered instead?
Code 28298 represents hallux valgus correction that includes a proximal phalanx osteotomy. Use it when the documented work is that combined correction, rather than reporting the same osteotomy separately as 28310.
Can this be reported with a first metatarsal osteotomy?
The procedures address different bones: 28310 treats the great toe’s proximal phalanx, while codes such as 28306 treat a metatarsal. The operative report should support each distinct procedure reported.
What documentation supports reporting this code?
Document the great-toe proximal phalanx, the deformity being corrected, and the osteotomy and resulting change in alignment or length. Clarify whether the work is included in a broader hallux valgus correction.
How is bilateral surgery paid?
CMS lists this as a bilateral procedure: when both sides are performed and reported with modifier 50, payment is at 150%.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted for this code. Co-surgeons are paid only with supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
3,18428307,,Incision of metatarsal,A,,6.34,17.61,,7.21,,1.34,25.29,14.89,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,18528308,,Incision of metatarsal,A,,5.34,11.51,,5.11,,0.68,17.53,11.13,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,18628309,,Incision of metatarsals,A,,13.81,8.96,NA,8.96,,2.25,25.02,25.02,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,0,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,18728310,,Revision of big toe,A,,5.43,10.82,,4.37,,0.67,16.92,10.47,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,1,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,18828312,,Revision of toe,A,,4.57,12.55,,5.09,,0.72,17.84,10.38,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,0,1,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,18928313,,Repair deformity of toe,A,,5.02,10.62,,4.66,,0.70,16.34,10.38,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,0,1,0,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
3,19028315,,Removal of sesamoid bone,A,,4.88,8.99,,3.89,,0.54,14.41,9.31,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,1,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00