Billing code 31584: Laryngeal repairMedicare rate & RVUs in Utah
Reports operative reduction and fixation of a laryngeal fracture, typically performed by an otolaryngologist to restore the laryngeal framework after trauma.
CMS doesn’t publish an office rate for 31584 in Utah.
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 9 sections
What 31584 covers
This operation repairs a fractured laryngeal framework by repositioning the disrupted structures and fixing them in place. It is typically performed by an otolaryngologist or head-and-neck surgeon in an operating room, often after blunt neck trauma that has injured the larynx. The clinical record may describe airway symptoms, voice changes, examination or imaging findings, and the fracture pattern addressed during surgery.
Report 31584 when the surgeon performs reduction and fixation of a laryngeal fracture; documentation should identify the fracture and describe the operative repair. The code has a 90-day global period, which includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this service. Assistant-at-surgery and co-surgeon payment require supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
31584 in Utah
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Utah | Unavailable | $1,221.41 |
How the 31584 rate is calculated
Each of 31584’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31584
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
Work 17.14Practice expense 18.28Malpractice 2.50
All indexes start at 1.000 (the national rate). Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
Payment rules and modifiers for 31584
31584 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 31584
Laryngeal repair
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 1 | Permitted with supporting documentation. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.76/0.14 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 31584
Laryngeal repair
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31584 without 51 · national facility
$1,266.56
Laryngeal repair
31584-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$633.28
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
31584 compared with similar codes
Compare codes
31584 vs 31551 vs 31580 vs 31591: national Medicare rates
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
How to choose
- 31551Laryngoplasty
- 31584 repairs a laryngeal fracture through reduction and fixation. 31551 is for laryngoplasty addressing laryngeal stenosis.
- 31580Laryngoplasty
- 31580 addresses a laryngeal web. Choose 31584 when the operative target is a fractured laryngeal framework requiring reduction and fixation.
- 31591Laryngoplasty
- 31591 is laryngoplasty for medialization, not traumatic fracture repair. The documented operative objective distinguishes it from 31584.
31584 billing questions
How is fracture repair distinguished from laryngoplasty for stenosis?
Use 31584 for reduction and fixation of a laryngeal fracture. Codes 31551–31554 address laryngeal stenosis repair rather than traumatic fracture fixation.
Does the code include related postoperative visits?
Yes. The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.
Should modifier 50 be reported for bilateral laryngeal injury?
No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code.
When can an assistant or co-surgeon be paid?
Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
How are additional procedures in the same session paid?
The highest-valued procedure is paid in full, and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple procedure reduction.
What should the operative note establish?
Document the laryngeal fracture and the reduction and fixation performed. The note should make clear that the service repaired a fracture, not stenosis, a web, or vocal-fold position.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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