Billing code 28310: Toe osteotomyMedicare rate & RVUs in Washington
A foot surgeon reshapes the proximal phalanx of the great toe to correct angular or rotational deformity, including an Akin-type correction.
Medicare pays $581.31–$652.15 for 28310 in the office in Washington, from Rest Of Washington to Seattle (King Cnty). Which amount applies depends on the service address.
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 9 sections
What 28310 covers
This procedure uses a bone cut in the proximal phalanx of the great toe to change its alignment or length. Foot and ankle orthopedic surgeons and podiatrists may perform it for a phalangeal deformity, such as hallux valgus interphalangeus, or as an Akin-type correction during hallux valgus surgery. It is performed in an operating room or, in selected cases, an office-based procedure setting. It addresses the toe bone, not the first metatarsal.
Report the code when the operative work is an osteotomy of the great toe’s proximal phalanx. The operative report should identify the bone, the deformity and the correction performed, and clarify whether the osteotomy is part of a broader hallux valgus procedure. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted; co-surgeons require supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
Where 28310 pays more and less in Washington
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Rest Of Washington | $581.31 | $354.45 |
| Seattle (King Cnty) | $652.15 | $387.81 |
How the 28310 rate is calculated
Each of 28310’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 28310
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
Work 5.43Practice expense 10.82Malpractice 0.67
All indexes start at 1.000 (the national rate). Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
Payment rules and modifiers for 28310
28310 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 28310
Toe osteotomy
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 1 | Permitted with supporting documentation. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.69/0.21 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 28310
Toe osteotomy
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
28310 without 50 · national office
$565.14
Toe osteotomy
28310-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$847.71
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
28310 compared with similar codes
Compare codes
28310 vs 28312 vs 28298 vs 28306 vs 28296: national Medicare rates
Swap in your local Medicare rate.
How to choose
- 28312Toe osteotomy
- Choose 28310 for the great toe’s proximal phalanx; 28312 is for phalanges of other toes.
- 28298Bunion correction
- 28298 describes hallux valgus correction that includes a proximal phalanx osteotomy. Use 28310 when reporting the phalanx osteotomy itself rather than that combined correction.
- 28306Metatarsal osteotomy
- 28306 is an osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Code 28310 targets the proximal phalanx of the great toe.
- 28296Bunion correction
- 28296 represents hallux valgus correction with a first metatarsal osteotomy; 28310 is directed to the great-toe proximal phalanx.
28310 billing questions
How is this different from 28312?
This code is for an osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Code 28312 covers phalanges of other toes.
When should 28298 be considered instead?
Code 28298 represents hallux valgus correction that includes a proximal phalanx osteotomy. Use it when the documented work is that combined correction, rather than reporting the same osteotomy separately as 28310.
Can this be reported with a first metatarsal osteotomy?
The procedures address different bones: 28310 treats the great toe’s proximal phalanx, while codes such as 28306 treat a metatarsal. The operative report should support each distinct procedure reported.
What documentation supports reporting this code?
Document the great-toe proximal phalanx, the deformity being corrected, and the osteotomy and resulting change in alignment or length. Clarify whether the work is included in a broader hallux valgus correction.
How is bilateral surgery paid?
CMS lists this as a bilateral procedure: when both sides are performed and reported with modifier 50, payment is at 150%.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted for this code. Co-surgeons are paid only with supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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