CPT code 20985: Surgical navigation, image-less2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Indiana
Reports intraoperative computer navigation without image-based planning during a musculoskeletal operation, commonly to guide alignment in joint replacement surgery.
In Indiana, Medicare pays $113.46 for 20985 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 20985 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 20985 covers
This add-on describes a surgeon’s use of computer navigation during a musculoskeletal operation without a preloaded CT or MRI image set. The system registers the patient’s anatomy during surgery and tracks instruments to help guide their position or alignment. Orthopedic surgeons commonly use this approach during joint replacement, including total knee arthroplasty, in hospital operating rooms and ambulatory surgical settings.
Report 20985 with the primary operation for which the navigation was used, not by itself. The operative record should identify the musculoskeletal procedure and support that image-less computer navigation was performed, such as intraoperative anatomy registration and instrument tracking. Medicare treats 20985 as an add-on: it is billed with a primary procedure and paid within that procedure’s global period. The navigation service supplements the operative work; the primary code still identifies the surgery performed.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Indiana compares for 20985
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 20985 runs from $111.28 in Wisconsin to $158.84 in Alaska. Indiana pays $113.46. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Indiana · this page$113.46
- Los Angeles, CA · California$126.35+$12.89
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$134.78+$21.32
- Miami, FL · Florida$150.51+$37.05
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$146.24+$32.78
- Manhattan, NY · New York$143.09+$29.63
- Alaska · Alaska$158.84+$45.38
Other areas in Indiana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $113.45 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $112.19 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $120.72 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $121.40 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $120.11 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $129.01 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $124.58 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $125.40 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $123.29 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $122.78 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $123.75 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $133.17 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $132.60 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $136.50 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $134.18 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $121.13 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $123.41 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $122.72 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $124.48 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $128.20 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $120.02 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $122.88 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $131.03 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $122.33 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $137.75 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $131.19 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $127.93 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $124.35 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $120.41 |
| IowaIowa | — | $111.66 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $113.06 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $138.79 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $131.08 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $138.07 |
| KansasKansas | — | $113.16 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $119.64 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $124.67 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $120.26 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $130.41 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $123.19 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $131.06 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $123.67 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $115.55 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $117.52 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $134.47 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $123.83 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $112.91 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $121.96 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $122.72 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $119.93 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $115.98 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $123.88 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $116.17 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $114.00 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $111.55 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $122.88 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $134.30 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $131.16 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $125.14 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $121.15 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $148.31 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $133.54 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $141.20 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $117.67 |
| OhioOhio | — | $121.81 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $117.44 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $123.80 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $118.85 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $129.66 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $120.89 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $123.95 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $124.51 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $119.46 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $112.83 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $113.84 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $123.67 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $120.42 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $120.66 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $122.18 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $122.14 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $121.52 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $130.67 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $120.99 |
| UtahUtah | — | $120.67 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $118.57 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $123.95 |
| VermontVermont | — | $115.41 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $122.35 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $130.77 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $111.28 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $127.75 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $119.58 |
20985 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 20985 rate is calculated
Each of 20985’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 20985
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.44
2.44 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense0.77
0.77 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.50
0.50 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.7100
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$123.92
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Indiana inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
1,834
- Code
- 20985
- Physician work
- 2.44
- Practice expense
- 0.77
- Malpractice
- 0.50
GPCI2026.csv
52
- Locality
- Indiana
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.927
- Malpractice
- 0.486
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.44 | × 1.000 | 2.4400 |
| Practice expense | 0.77 | × 0.927 | 0.7138 |
| Malpractice | 0.50 | × 0.486 | 0.2430 |
| Total RVUs | 3.3968 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Indiana$113.46
Facility: (2.44 × 1 + 0.77 × 0.927 + 0.5 × 0.486) × $33.4009 = $113.46
Payment rules and modifiers for 20985
The CMS indicators that decide how 20985 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 20985
Surgical navigation, image-less
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | ZZZ | Add-on code: falls within the primary procedure’s global period. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
How 20985 has changed in Indiana
20985 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $113.46 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $113.46 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $113.46 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $113.46 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $128.23 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $128.23 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $128.23 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $128.23 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $131.04 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $131.04 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $131.04 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $131.04 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $128.91 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $132.75 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $132.75 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $132.75 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $132.75 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $134.28 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $134.28 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $134.28 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $134.28 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.22 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.22 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.22 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.22 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.74 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.74 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.74 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.74 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.19 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.19 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.19 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.19 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.51 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.51 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.51 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $138.51 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $140.26 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $140.26 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $140.26 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $140.26 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.11 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.11 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.11 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.11 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.84 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.84 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.13 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $142.13 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $141.53 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $141.53 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $141.53 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $141.53 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.36 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.36 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.36 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.36 | RVU13AR |
Where the Indiana rate applies
Indiana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 974 cities and communities in Indiana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Abington
- Adams
- Adams Lake
- Advance
- Akron
- Alamo
- Albany
20985 billing questions
When should 20985 be chosen over image-guided navigation?
Use 20985 for image-less navigation, where the system registers anatomy during surgery rather than relying on a preloaded CT or MRI image set. Code 0054T describes the image-guided navigation approach.
Can 20985 be billed by itself?
No. It is an add-on code and must be reported with the primary musculoskeletal operation for which navigation was used.
What documentation supports 20985?
The operative record should identify the primary surgery and document the use of image-less computer navigation, including relevant registration or instrument-tracking activity.
Is 20985 the code for the joint replacement itself?
No. The primary code reports the replacement, such as 27447 for total knee arthroplasty; 20985 reports the image-less navigation used during that operation.
How does Medicare treat payment for 20985?
Medicare treats it as an add-on billed with a primary procedure, with payment made within that procedure’s global period.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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