CPT code 25100: Wrist biopsy, open joint approach2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Idaho

An open wrist arthrotomy to obtain intra-articular tissue for diagnostic evaluation when a surgeon needs a surgical specimen rather than joint fluid alone.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality64 Medicare services in 2024

In Idaho, Medicare pays $317.21 for 25100 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$317.21Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 25100 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 25100 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Idaho
  2. What 25100 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 25100 covers

The surgeon opens the wrist joint and removes a tissue sample for diagnostic evaluation. The specimen may be synovium or other intra-articular tissue submitted for pathologic or microbiologic study when the cause of persistent synovitis, suspected infection, or another joint abnormality remains uncertain. Orthopedic and hand surgeons typically perform this procedure in a hospital operating room or ambulatory surgery center; it is an open surgical biopsy, not needle aspiration or arthroscopic sampling.

Report the code when the operative record supports an open joint approach and tissue was obtained for biopsy. Document the wrist, operative approach, sampled tissue, and diagnostic purpose. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Idaho compares for 25100

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 25100 runs from $306.91 in Arkansas to $431.54 in San Benito County, CA. Idaho pays $317.21. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

25100 in Idaho vs other payment areas
  1. Idaho · this page$317.21
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$377.39+$60.18
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$390.75+$73.54
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$397.64+$80.43
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$385.23+$68.02
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$402.32+$85.11
  7. Alaska · Alaska$412.13+$94.92

Other areas in Idaho first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

25100 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$311.35
ArkansasArkansas—$306.91
ArizonaArizona—$337.17
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$356.61
Chico, CACalifornia—$354.30
El Centro, CACalifornia—$354.44
Fresno, CACalifornia—$354.30
Hanford, CACalifornia—$354.30

25100 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
25100 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 25100 in every payment locality

How the 25100 rate is calculated

Each of 25100’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 25100

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.92

3.92 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense5.63

5.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.84

0.84 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

10.3900

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$347.04

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Idaho inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

2,387

Code
25100
Physician work
3.92
Practice expense
5.63
Malpractice
0.84

GPCI2026.csv

47

Locality
Idaho
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.920
Malpractice
0.473
Facility calculation for 25100 in Idaho
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.92× 1.0003.9200
Practice expense5.63× 0.9205.1796
Malpractice0.84× 0.4730.3973
Total RVUs9.4969
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Idaho$317.21

Facility: (3.92 × 1 + 5.63 × 0.92 + 0.84 × 0.473) × $33.4009 = $317.21

Open 25100 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 25100

25100 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 25100

Wrist biopsy, open joint approach

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 25100

Wrist biopsy, open joint approach

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

25100 without 50 · national facility

$347.04

Wrist biopsy, open joint approach

25100-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$520.56

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 25100 has changed in Idaho

25100 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$317.21RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$317.21RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$317.21RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$317.21RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$320.25RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$320.25RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$320.25RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$320.25RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$326.24RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$326.24RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$326.24RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$326.24RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$320.91RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$324.55RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$324.55RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$324.55RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$324.55RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$322.08RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$322.08RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$322.08RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$322.08RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$321.27RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$321.27RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$321.27RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$321.27RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$325.01RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$325.01RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$325.01RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$325.01RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$326.59RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$326.59RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$326.40RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$326.40RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$325.25RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$325.25RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$325.25RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$325.25RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$315.62RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$315.62RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$315.62RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$315.62RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$320.71RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$320.71RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$320.71RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$320.71RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$323.06RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$323.06RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$321.46RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$321.46RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$320.39RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$320.39RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$320.39RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$320.39RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this setting$320.67RVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this setting$320.67RVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this setting$320.67RVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this setting$320.67RVU13AR

Price 25100 for an earlier date of service

Where the Idaho rate applies

Idaho is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 235 cities and communities in Idaho. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Acequia
  • Albion
  • American Falls
  • Ammon
  • Arbon Valley
  • Arco
  • Arimo

Browse all communities in Idaho

25100 billing questions

When is this code more appropriate than 25101?

Use 25100 when the surgeon opens the wrist joint to obtain tissue for diagnostic evaluation. Code 25101 describes wrist-joint exploration or treatment rather than a biopsy-focused service.

Can the tissue examination be billed separately?

The operative service covers access to the joint and tissue collection. A laboratory or pathologist may report the examination of the submitted specimen as a separate service when performed.

How is a biopsy of both wrists reported?

CMS lists this as a bilateral procedure; modifier 50 is paid at 150%. The operative documentation should support biopsy of both wrist joints.

What postoperative care is included?

The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.

Can an assistant surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment is allowed only when medical necessity is documented. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted for this code.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 25100PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 2,387 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for IdahoGPCI2026.csv, line 47 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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