CPT code 27488: Knee prosthesis removal, spacer may be inserted2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virginia
Reports operative removal of a knee prosthesis, with or without placement of a spacer, such as during staged treatment of prosthetic joint infection.
In Virginia, Medicare pays $1,057.35 for 27488 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 27488 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 27488 covers
An orthopedic surgeon removes implanted knee prosthetic components and associated cement when the treatment plan calls for explantation rather than definitive revision at that operation. A typical situation is the first stage of treating an infected knee replacement, when components are removed and a temporary spacer may be placed. The service is generally performed in an operating room, often in a hospital facility.
Select this code when the operative work is removal of the knee prosthesis, with or without spacer placement; a definitive revision replacing one or both components is represented by a different service. The operative report should identify the indication, components removed, and whether a spacer was inserted. This major surgery has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and related postoperative care. For same-session procedures, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Virginia compares for 27488
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 27488 runs from $983.91 in Arkansas to $1,358.39 in Alaska. Virginia pays $1,057.35. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Virginia · this page$1,057.35
- Los Angeles, CA · California$1,156.86+$99.51
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,216.72+$159.37
- Miami, FL · Florida$1,301.90+$244.55
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$1,262.94+$205.59
- Manhattan, NY · New York$1,273.31+$215.96
- Alaska · Alaska$1,358.39+$301.04
Other areas in Virginia first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $996.59 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $983.91 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $1,069.86 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.30 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.91 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $1,205.29 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $1,144.03 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $1,131.31 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $1,130.36 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $1,125.87 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $1,141.03 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $1,255.00 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $1,250.88 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $1,285.91 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $1,269.05 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $1,109.74 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $1,142.85 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $1,126.99 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $1,153.28 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $1,199.35 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $1,092.30 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $1,106.17 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $1,168.04 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $1,085.65 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $1,203.13 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $1,143.04 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $1,132.47 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $1,079.38 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $1,104.40 |
| IowaIowa | — | $992.31 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $1,003.56 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $1,190.40 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $1,132.88 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $1,208.45 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $1,007.97 |
| KansasKansas | — | $1,000.83 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $1,044.58 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $1,092.46 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $1,048.17 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $1,188.72 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $1,105.94 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $1,167.40 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $1,100.55 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $1,021.62 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $1,051.50 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $1,168.87 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $1,080.25 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $1,026.29 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $1,072.37 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $1,080.67 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $1,040.78 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $1,011.88 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $1,099.65 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $1,028.95 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $1,027.87 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $993.25 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $1,101.36 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $1,209.12 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $1,171.88 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $1,090.61 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $1,080.05 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $1,317.12 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $1,189.67 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $1,263.96 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $1,043.61 |
| OhioOhio | — | $1,065.58 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $1,029.47 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $1,123.03 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $1,062.26 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $1,150.23 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $1,059.97 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $1,102.53 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $1,111.07 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $1,050.89 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $1,019.38 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $1,006.86 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $1,110.73 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $1,054.79 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $1,074.15 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $1,086.21 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $1,083.73 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $1,080.78 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $1,147.23 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $1,067.45 |
| UtahUtah | — | $1,063.20 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $1,102.53 |
| VermontVermont | — | $1,035.94 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $1,099.86 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $1,198.41 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $998.96 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $1,099.03 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $1,068.37 |
27488 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 27488 rate is calculated
Each of 27488’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 27488
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work17.16
17.16 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense12.14
12.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice3.63
3.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
32.9300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$1,099.89
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Virginia inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
2,916
- Code
- 27488
- Physician work
- 17.16
- Practice expense
- 12.14
- Malpractice
- 3.63
GPCI2026.csv
106
- Locality
- Virginia
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.983
- Malpractice
- 0.706
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 17.16 | × 1.000 | 17.1600 |
| Practice expense | 12.14 | × 0.983 | 11.9336 |
| Malpractice | 3.63 | × 0.706 | 2.5628 |
| Total RVUs | 31.6564 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Virginia$1057.35
Facility: (17.16 × 1 + 12.14 × 0.983 + 3.63 × 0.706) × $33.4009 = $1057.35
Payment rules and modifiers for 27488
27488 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 27488
Knee prosthesis removal, spacer may be inserted
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 2 | Paid. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 1 | Permitted with supporting documentation. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.69/0.21 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 27488
Knee prosthesis removal, spacer may be inserted
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
27488 without 50 · national facility
$1,099.89
Knee prosthesis removal, spacer may be inserted
27488-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$1,649.84
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 27488 has changed in Virginia
27488 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,057.35 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,057.35 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,057.35 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,057.35 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,145.56 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,145.56 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,145.56 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,145.56 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,169.08 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,169.08 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,169.08 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $1,169.08 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,150.00 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,192.13 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,192.13 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,192.13 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,192.13 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,215.25 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,215.25 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,215.25 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,215.25 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.76 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.76 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.76 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.76 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,235.77 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,235.77 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,235.77 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,235.77 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.04 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.04 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.04 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.04 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,229.16 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,229.16 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,229.16 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,229.16 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,217.20 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,217.20 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,217.20 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,217.20 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.67 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.67 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.67 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.67 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,214.92 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,214.92 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.88 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,208.88 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,196.59 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,196.59 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,196.59 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,196.59 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,171.08 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,171.08 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,171.08 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,171.08 | RVU13AR |
Where the Virginia rate applies
Virginia is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 628 cities and communities in Virginia. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbs Valley
- Abingdon
- Accomac
- Adwolf
- Afton
- Alberta
- Aldie
- Allison Gap
27488 billing questions
How does this differ from a knee revision code?
Use 27488 for prosthesis removal, with or without spacer placement, rather than definitive component revision. Codes 27486 and 27487 describe revision or replacement of one or both components.
Can a spacer be placed during the removal?
Yes. Spacer placement may accompany the prosthesis removal reported with 27488.
What should the operative report document?
Document the reason for explantation, which prosthetic components were removed, and whether a spacer was inserted. The record should make clear whether the operation was removal or definitive revision.
What is the global period?
This major surgery has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.
How is bilateral reporting handled?
When the procedure is performed bilaterally, modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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