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CPT code 28193: Foreign body removal, complicated foot removal2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Mississippi

Surgical removal of a complicated foreign body from the foot when extraction requires more involved operative work than routine superficial or deep removal.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality457 Medicare services in 2024

In Mississippi, Medicare pays $464.54 for 28193 in the office and $318.16 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$464.54Office (non-facility)
$318.16Hospital or facility
−9.1%vs the national office rate ($511.03)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28193 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28193 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Mississippi
  2. What 28193 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28193 covers

This code represents operative removal of a foreign object from the foot when the extraction is complicated. A podiatric or orthopedic surgeon may use surgical exposure and dissection to locate and remove an embedded object, such as a fragment that cannot be retrieved through a simple opening. The procedure may be performed in an office procedure room or an operating room, depending on the clinical circumstances and required exposure.

Select this level based on the documented complexity of the removal, not simply the fact that an object was present. The record should identify the foot site and foreign body, explain the operative approach and work needed to extract it, and describe the findings and closure. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Mississippi compares for 28193

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28193 runs from $459.97 in Arkansas to $657.11 in San Benito County, CA. Mississippi pays $464.54. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28193 in Mississippi vs other payment areas
  1. Mississippi · this page$464.54
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$568.09+$103.55
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$577.03+$112.49
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$550.45+$85.91
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$536.81+$72.27
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$582.51+$117.97
  7. Alaska · Alaska$618.70+$154.16

Other areas in Mississippi first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28193 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$465.69$316.93
ArkansasArkansas$459.97$313.93
ArizonaArizona$499.15$334.40
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$536.68$350.35
Chico, CACalifornia$535.01$348.68
El Centro, CACalifornia$535.10$348.76
Fresno, CACalifornia$535.01$348.68
Hanford, CACalifornia$535.01$348.68

28193 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$459.97

$618.70

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28193 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$618.701
AL$465.691
AR$459.971
AZ$499.151
CA$535.01–$657.1129
CO$528.741
CT$541.791
DC$577.031
DE$506.591
FL$506.68–$550.453
GA$481.89–$519.992
GU$544.861
HI$544.861
IA$474.751
ID$477.601
IL$494.79–$536.814
IN$479.941
KS$473.331
KY$476.091
LA$475.64–$495.672
MA$526.48–$575.412
MD$515.12–$577.033
ME$480.24–$501.792
MI$487.11–$512.632
MN$507.311
MO$469.00–$496.613
MS$464.541
MT$511.001
NC$484.461
ND$500.521
NE$476.821
NH$521.171
NJ$548.15–$572.542
NM$489.591
NV$508.381
NY$490.71–$595.445
OH$484.961
OK$474.851
OR$504.57–$543.022
PA$485.36–$530.262
PR$514.081
RI$522.711
SC$485.481
SD$499.281
TN$475.421
TX$482.66–$526.878
UT$491.151
VA$500.71–$577.032
VI$514.081
VT$499.281
WA$525.27–$585.792
WI$486.131
WV$479.201
WY$506.431

See 28193 in every payment locality

How the 28193 rate is calculated

Each of 28193’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28193

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work5.75

5.75 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense9.02

9.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.53

0.53 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

15.3000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$511.03

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Mississippi inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,146

Code
28193
Physician work
5.75
Practice expense
9.02
Malpractice
0.53

GPCI2026.csv

67

Locality
Mississippi
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.861
Malpractice
0.739
Office calculation for 28193 in Mississippi
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work5.75× 1.0005.7500
Practice expense9.02× 0.8617.7662
Malpractice0.53× 0.7390.3917
Total RVUs13.9079
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Mississippi$464.54

Office: (5.75 × 1 + 9.02 × 0.861 + 0.53 × 0.739) × $33.4009 = $464.54

Facility: (5.75 × 1 + 3.93 × 0.861 + 0.53 × 0.739) × $33.4009 = $318.16

Open 28193 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28193

28193 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28193

Foreign body removal, complicated foot removal

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28193

Foreign body removal, complicated foot removal

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28193 without 50 · national office

$511.03

Foreign body removal, complicated foot removal

28193-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$766.55

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

Codes related to 28193

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 28193
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Mississippi
Same family
28190Foot foreign body removal, subcutaneous foreign bodyFoot foreign body removal at the subcutaneous level.$214.44
28192Foot foreign body removal, deep foreign bodyFoot foreign body removal at the deep level.$413.17
Used instead
10121Foreign body removal, complicated subcutaneousComplicated foreign body removal from subcutaneous tissue outside the foot.$247.81

How 28193 has changed in Mississippi

28193 · Office / nonfacility

$464.54

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $9.13 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $455.41 to $464.54 (2.0%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $455.41changed to$464.54

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 5.90 changed to 5.75
    • Practice expense RVU 9.14 changed to 9.02
    • Malpractice RVU 0.51 changed to 0.53
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.852 changed to 0.861
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.768 changed to 0.739

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $470.33changed to$455.41

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 9.19 changed to 9.14
    • Malpractice RVU 0.52 changed to 0.51

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $462.65changed to$470.33

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $473.00changed to$462.65

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 9.08 changed to 9.19
    • Malpractice RVU 0.51 changed to 0.52
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.847 changed to 0.852
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.720 changed to 0.768

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $478.50changed to$473.00

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 9.00 changed to 9.08
    • Malpractice RVU 0.52 changed to 0.51
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.842 changed to 0.847
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.671 changed to 0.720

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $487.75changed to$478.50

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 9.18 changed to 9.00

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $496.17changed to$487.75

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 8.84 changed to 9.18
    • Malpractice RVU 0.54 changed to 0.52
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.856 changed to 0.842
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.521 changed to 0.671

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $500.68changed to$496.17

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 8.97 changed to 8.84
    • Malpractice RVU 0.51 changed to 0.54
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.870 changed to 0.856
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.370 changed to 0.521

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $499.37changed to$500.68

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 8.95 changed to 8.97
    • Malpractice RVU 0.50 changed to 0.51

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $498.92changed to$499.37

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 8.94 changed to 8.95
    • Malpractice RVU 0.51 changed to 0.50
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.867 changed to 0.870
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.492 changed to 0.370

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $497.45changed to$498.92

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 8.89 changed to 8.94
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.864 changed to 0.867
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.613 changed to 0.492

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $502.39changed to$497.45

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 8.97 changed to 8.89
    • Malpractice RVU 0.54 changed to 0.51

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $499.89changed to$502.39

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $498.57changed to$499.89

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 8.84 changed to 8.97
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.865 changed to 0.864
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.687 changed to 0.613

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $503.69changed to$498.57

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 9.79 changed to 8.84
    • Malpractice RVU 0.56 changed to 0.54
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.866 changed to 0.865
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.761 changed to 0.687

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $503.69

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$464.54$318.16RVU26D
2026-07-01$464.54$318.16RVU26C
2026-04-01$464.54$318.16RVU26B
2026-01-01$464.54$318.16RVU26A
2025-10-01$455.41$332.77RVU25D
2025-07-01$455.41$332.77RVU25C
2025-04-01$455.41$332.77RVU25B
2025-01-01$455.41$332.77RVU25A
2024-10-01$470.33$340.72RVU24D
2024-07-01$470.33$340.72RVU24C
2024-04-01$470.33$340.72RVU24B
2024-03-09$470.33$340.72RVU24AR
2024-01-01$462.65$335.16RVU24A
2023-10-01$473.00$340.96RVU23D
2023-07-01$473.00$340.96RVU23C
2023-04-01$473.00$340.96RVU23B
2023-01-01$473.00$340.96RVU23A
2022-10-01$478.50$342.42RVU22D
2022-07-01$478.50$342.42RVU22C
2022-04-01$478.50$342.42RVU22B
2022-01-01$478.50$342.42RVU22A
2021-10-01$487.75$344.38RVU21D
2021-07-01$487.75$344.38RVU21C
2021-04-01$487.75$344.38RVU21B
2021-01-01$487.75$344.38RVU21A
2020-10-01$496.17$352.52RVU20D
2020-07-01$496.17$352.52RVU20C
2020-04-01$496.17$352.52RVU20B
2020-01-01$496.17$352.52RVU20A
2019-10-01$500.68$352.06RVU19D
2019-07-01$500.68$352.06RVU19C
2019-04-01$500.68$352.06RVU19B
2019-01-01$500.68$352.06RVU19A
2018-10-01$499.37$350.60RVU18D
2018-07-01$499.37$350.60RVU18C
2018-04-01$499.37$350.60RVU18B
2018-01-01$499.37$350.60RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$498.92$352.06RVU17D
2017-07-01$498.92$352.06RVU17C
2017-04-01$498.92$352.06RVU17B
2017-01-01$498.92$352.06RVU17A
2016-10-01$497.45$352.06RVU16D
2016-07-01$497.45$352.06RVU16C
2016-04-01$497.45$352.06RVU16B
2016-01-01$497.45$352.06RVU16A
2015-10-01$502.39$354.61RVU15D
2015-07-01$502.39$354.61RVU15C
2015-04-01$499.89$352.84RVU15B
2015-01-01$499.89$352.84RVU15A
2014-10-01$498.57$354.48RVU14D
2014-07-01$498.57$354.48RVU14C
2014-04-01$498.57$354.48RVU14B
2014-01-01$498.57$354.48RVU14A
2013-10-01$503.69$350.47RVU13D
2013-07-01$503.69$350.47RVU13C
2013-04-01$503.69$350.47RVU13B
2013-01-01$503.69$350.47RVU13AR

Price 28193 for an earlier date of service

Where the Mississippi rate applies

Mississippi is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 427 cities and communities in Mississippi. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Abbeville
  • Aberdeen
  • Ackerman
  • Agricola
  • Alcorn State University
  • Algoma
  • Alligator
  • Amory

Browse all communities in Mississippi

28193 billing questions

How is 28193 distinguished from 28192?

28193 is for complicated removal. 28192 describes removal at the deep level; depth alone does not establish that the procedure was complicated.

When would 28190 be a better choice?

Use 28190 for removal of a subcutaneous foot foreign body when the work fits that level, rather than a complicated operative removal.

What documentation supports 28193?

Document the foreign body's location, the operative exposure and dissection, why removal was complicated, and the removal findings.

Are related postoperative visits included?

Yes. The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.

How does Medicare handle bilateral reporting and other procedures in the same session?

Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment is restricted for this code. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28193PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,146 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for MississippiGPCI2026.csv, line 67 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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