CPT code 28320: Bone repair, tarsal nonunion or malunion2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana

Operative repair of a tarsal bone that has failed to unite or healed in poor alignment, typically after prior fracture treatment.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality304 Medicare services in 2024

In Montana, Medicare pays $577.74 for 28320 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$577.74Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28320 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28320 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Montana
  2. What 28320 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28320 covers

This service addresses a tarsal bone that has not healed or has healed in a position that needs surgical correction. An orthopedic or podiatric surgeon may realign and stabilize the bone, with grafting when needed. Examples include a persistent nonunion or a symptomatic malunion involving a tarsal bone such as the navicular, talus, or calcaneus. These repairs are generally performed in an operating-room setting.

Report 28320 when the operative work treats a tarsal-bone nonunion or malunion, not when the procedure is an osteotomy for another corrective purpose or treatment of an acute fracture. The operative report should identify the bone, the healing problem, relevant prior treatment, and the repair performed. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For bilateral surgery, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. In a same-session multiple-procedure claim, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. An assistant at surgery may be paid; co-surgeons require supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Montana compares for 28320

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 28320 runs from $523.43 in Arkansas to $724.33 in Alaska. Montana pays $577.74. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28320 in Montana vs other payment areas
  1. Montana · this page$577.74
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$616.13+$38.39
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$639.82+$62.08
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$658.09+$80.35
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$641.23+$63.49
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$661.21+$83.47
  7. Alaska · Alaska$724.33+$146.59

Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28320 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$529.42
ArkansasArkansas—$523.43
ArizonaArizona—$564.14
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$587.19
Chico, CACalifornia—$583.19
El Centro, CACalifornia—$583.42
Fresno, CACalifornia—$583.19
Hanford, CACalifornia—$583.19

28320 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
28320 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 28320 in every payment locality

How the 28320 rate is calculated

Each of 28320’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28320

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work9.14

9.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense6.77

6.77 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice1.39

1.39 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

17.3000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$577.84

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,191

Code
28320
Physician work
9.14
Practice expense
6.77
Malpractice
1.39

GPCI2026.csv

71

Locality
Montana
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.998
Facility calculation for 28320 in Montana
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work9.14× 1.0009.1400
Practice expense6.77× 1.0006.7700
Malpractice1.39× 0.9981.3872
Total RVUs17.2972
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Montana$577.74

Facility: (9.14 × 1 + 6.77 × 1 + 1.39 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $577.74

Open 28320 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28320

28320 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28320

Bone repair, tarsal nonunion or malunion

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28320

Bone repair, tarsal nonunion or malunion

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28320 without 50 · national facility

$577.84

Bone repair, tarsal nonunion or malunion

28320-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$866.76

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 28320 has changed in Montana

28320 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$577.74RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$577.74RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$577.74RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$577.74RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$606.48RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$606.48RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$606.48RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$606.48RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$620.76RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$620.76RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$620.76RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$620.76RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$610.63RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$619.81RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$619.81RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$619.81RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$619.81RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$623.20RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$623.20RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$623.20RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$623.20RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$631.17RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$631.17RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$631.17RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$631.17RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$651.71RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$651.71RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$651.71RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$651.71RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$661.73RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$661.73RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$661.73RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$661.73RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$660.87RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$660.87RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$660.87RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$660.87RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$652.02RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$652.02RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$652.02RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$652.02RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$639.52RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$639.52RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$639.52RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$639.52RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$639.39RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$639.39RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$636.21RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$636.21RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$643.72RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$643.72RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$643.72RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$643.72RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this setting$626.81RVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this setting$626.81RVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this setting$626.81RVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this setting$626.81RVU13AR

Price 28320 for an earlier date of service

Where the Montana rate applies

Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Absarokee
  • Acton
  • Alberton
  • Alder
  • Alzada
  • Amsterdam
  • Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
  • Antelope

Browse all communities in Montana

28320 billing questions

When should I choose 28320 instead of 28322?

Use 28320 for repair of a tarsal-bone nonunion or malunion. Code 28322 is the corresponding repair code for a metatarsal.

Does the 90-day global include postoperative visits?

Yes. Related postoperative care for 90 days is included, along with the day-before preoperative visit.

How is bilateral repair reported?

For bilateral surgery, report modifier 50; CMS pays the bilateral procedure at 150%.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

An assistant at surgery may be paid. Co-surgeons are paid only with supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

What documentation supports 28320?

Identify the tarsal bone and document the nonunion or malunion, relevant prior treatment, and the operative steps used to repair it.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28320PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,191 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for MontanaGPCI2026.csv, line 71 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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