CPT code 28455: Tarsal fracture care, each tarsal bone2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Report 28455 for closed treatment of a qualifying tarsal bone fracture when the clinician manipulates the fracture to restore alignment.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality69 Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $254.43 for 28455 in the office and $215.35 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$254.43Office (non-facility)
$215.35Hospital or facility
−2.2%vs the national office rate ($260.19)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28455 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28455 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 28455 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28455 covers

This code describes closed treatment of a tarsal bone fracture with manipulation to improve alignment, without open exposure or percutaneous skeletal fixation. Typical examples include manipulated fractures of the navicular, cuboid, or a cuneiform; calcaneus and talus fractures have separate codes. Orthopedic surgeons and podiatrists commonly provide this treatment in an office, emergency department, or hospital setting, followed by immobilization and fracture follow-up.

Report one unit for each tarsal bone treated, supported by documentation identifying the fracture site and the reduction or manipulation performed. Choose the code based on the bone and treatment method: manipulation distinguishes this service from closed treatment without manipulation, while fixation or open treatment points to other codes. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 28455

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28455 runs from $235.40 in Arkansas to $332.29 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $254.43. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28455 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$254.43
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$288.31+$33.88
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$292.86+$38.43
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$279.46+$25.03
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$272.91+$18.48
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$295.68+$41.25
  7. Alaska · Alaska$318.55+$64.12

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28455 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$238.18$203.98
ArkansasArkansas$235.40$201.83
ArizonaArizona$254.42$216.55
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$272.82$229.98
Chico, CACalifornia$271.97$229.14
El Centro, CACalifornia$272.01$229.18
Fresno, CACalifornia$271.97$229.14
Hanford, CACalifornia$271.97$229.14

28455 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$235.40

$318.55

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28455 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$318.551
AL$238.181
AR$235.401
AZ$254.421
CA$271.97–$332.2929
CO$268.901
CT$275.371
DC$292.861
DE$258.091
FL$258.14–$279.463
GA$246.10–$264.592
GU$276.531
HI$276.531
IA$242.551
ID$243.941
IL$252.38–$272.914
IN$245.071
KS$241.871
KY$243.251
LA$243.04–$252.762
MA$267.85–$291.882
MD$262.29–$292.863
ME$245.23–$255.672
MI$248.61–$261.042
MN$258.311
MO$239.82–$253.203
MS$237.641
MT$260.181
NC$247.281
ND$255.031
NE$243.551
NH$265.091
NJ$278.69–$290.792
NM$249.821
NV$258.891
NY$250.32–$301.985
OH$247.561
OK$242.641
OR$257.03–$275.862
PA$247.75–$269.752
PR$261.671
RI$266.081
SC$247.801
SD$254.431
TN$242.891
TX$246.44–$267.888
UT$250.551
VA$255.16–$292.862
VI$261.671
VT$254.441
WA$267.23–$297.012
WI$248.051
WV$244.811
WY$257.941

See 28455 in every payment locality

How the 28455 rate is calculated

Each of 28455’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28455

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.16

3.16 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense4.37

4.37 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.26

0.26 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

7.7900

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$260.19

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,209

Code
28455
Physician work
3.16
Practice expense
4.37
Malpractice
0.26

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 28455 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.16× 1.0003.1600
Practice expense4.37× 1.0004.3700
Malpractice0.26× 0.3360.0874
Total RVUs7.6174
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$254.43

Office: (3.16 × 1 + 4.37 × 1 + 0.26 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $254.43

Facility: (3.16 × 1 + 3.2 × 1 + 0.26 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $215.35

Open 28455 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28455

28455 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28455

Tarsal fracture care, each tarsal bone

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28455

Tarsal fracture care, each tarsal bone

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28455 without 51 · national office

$260.19

Tarsal fracture care, each tarsal bone

28455-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$130.10

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 28455 has changed in South Dakota

28455 · Office / nonfacility

$254.43

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $3.89 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $250.54 to $254.43 (1.6%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $250.54changed to$254.43

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 3.24 changed to 3.16
    • Practice expense RVU 4.41 changed to 4.37
    • Malpractice RVU 0.25 changed to 0.26
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $255.83changed to$250.54

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 4.35 changed to 4.41

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $251.66changed to$255.83

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $293.28changed to$251.66

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 5.28 changed to 4.35
    • Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.25
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $290.88changed to$293.28

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 5.03 changed to 5.28
    • Malpractice RVU 0.39 changed to 0.37
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $289.56changed to$290.88

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 4.93 changed to 5.03
    • Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.39

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $289.79changed to$289.56

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 4.65 changed to 4.93
    • Malpractice RVU 0.38 changed to 0.37
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $290.26changed to$289.79

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 4.67 changed to 4.65
    • Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.38
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $289.80changed to$290.26

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Malpractice RVU 0.36 changed to 0.37

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $287.33changed to$289.80

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 4.62 changed to 4.67
    • Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.36
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $289.23changed to$287.33

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 4.69 changed to 4.62
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $288.98changed to$289.23

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 4.65 changed to 4.69
    • Malpractice RVU 0.38 changed to 0.37

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $287.54changed to$288.98

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $296.07changed to$287.54

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 4.85 changed to 4.65
    • Malpractice RVU 0.42 changed to 0.38
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $258.24changed to$296.07

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 4.16 changed to 4.85
    • Malpractice RVU 0.44 changed to 0.42
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $258.24

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$254.43$215.35RVU26D
2026-07-01$254.43$215.35RVU26C
2026-04-01$254.43$215.35RVU26B
2026-01-01$254.43$215.35RVU26A
2025-10-01$250.54$224.34RVU25D
2025-07-01$250.54$224.34RVU25C
2025-04-01$250.54$224.34RVU25B
2025-01-01$250.54$224.34RVU25A
2024-10-01$255.83$228.54RVU24D
2024-07-01$255.83$228.54RVU24C
2024-04-01$255.83$228.54RVU24B
2024-03-09$255.83$228.54RVU24AR
2024-01-01$251.66$224.81RVU24A
2023-10-01$293.28$260.41RVU23D
2023-07-01$293.28$260.41RVU23C
2023-04-01$293.28$260.41RVU23B
2023-01-01$293.28$260.41RVU23A
2022-10-01$290.88$258.00RVU22D
2022-07-01$290.88$258.00RVU22C
2022-04-01$290.88$258.00RVU22B
2022-01-01$290.88$258.00RVU22A
2021-10-01$289.56$256.41RVU21D
2021-07-01$289.56$256.41RVU21C
2021-04-01$289.56$256.41RVU21B
2021-01-01$289.56$256.41RVU21A
2020-10-01$289.79$258.40RVU20D
2020-07-01$289.79$258.40RVU20C
2020-04-01$289.79$258.40RVU20B
2020-01-01$289.79$258.40RVU20A
2019-10-01$290.26$258.90RVU19D
2019-07-01$290.26$258.90RVU19C
2019-04-01$290.26$258.90RVU19B
2019-01-01$290.26$258.90RVU19A
2018-10-01$289.80$258.84RVU18D
2018-07-01$289.80$258.84RVU18C
2018-04-01$289.80$258.84RVU18B
2018-01-01$289.80$258.84RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$287.33$257.54RVU17D
2017-07-01$287.33$257.54RVU17C
2017-04-01$287.33$257.54RVU17B
2017-01-01$287.33$257.54RVU17A
2016-10-01$289.23$259.51RVU16D
2016-07-01$289.23$259.51RVU16C
2016-04-01$289.23$259.51RVU16B
2016-01-01$289.23$259.51RVU16A
2015-10-01$288.98$258.79RVU15D
2015-07-01$288.98$258.79RVU15C
2015-04-01$287.54$257.51RVU15B
2015-01-01$287.54$257.51RVU15A
2014-10-01$296.07$265.26RVU14D
2014-07-01$296.07$265.26RVU14C
2014-04-01$296.07$265.26RVU14B
2014-01-01$296.07$265.26RVU14A
2013-10-01$258.24$232.04RVU13D
2013-07-01$258.24$232.04RVU13C
2013-04-01$258.24$232.04RVU13B
2013-01-01$258.24$232.04RVU13AR

Price 28455 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

28455 billing questions

How does 28455 differ from 28450?

Use 28455 when the tarsal fracture is manipulated to restore alignment. Code 28450 describes treatment without manipulation.

When would 28456 be more appropriate?

Use 28456 when the tarsal fracture is treated with percutaneous skeletal fixation and manipulation. Code 28455 describes closed treatment with manipulation without that fixation method.

Is the code reported once per fracture or once per bone?

The code is reported for each tarsal bone treated. Document the specific bone and the manipulation performed for each reported unit.

Can modifier 50 be used for fractures on both feet?

No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code; report the services according to the number of bones treated.

What postoperative care is included?

The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. Routine follow-up related to the fracture treatment falls within that period.

When is an assistant-at-surgery service payable?

CMS permits assistant-at-surgery payment only when medical necessity is documented. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28455PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,209 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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