CPT code 28490: Toe fracture care, without manipulation2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Mississippi

Reports closed treatment of a great toe fracture managed without manipulation, such as a stable fracture treated with immobilization and follow-up.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality4.8K Medicare services in 2024

In Mississippi, Medicare pays $141.20 for 28490 in the office and $118.48 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$141.20Office (non-facility)
$118.48Hospital or facility
−11.0%vs the national office rate ($158.65)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28490 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 28490 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Mississippi
  2. What 28490 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 28490 covers

This code represents closed treatment of a great toe fracture when the treating clinician manages the fracture without manipulating it to change alignment. It commonly describes care for a stable fracture managed with measures such as buddy taping, a protective shoe, splinting, or casting. Orthopedic surgeons, podiatrists, and other clinicians who assume responsibility for fracture treatment may report it in an office, emergency, or other appropriate setting. A visit that only evaluates the injury before the patient is referred elsewhere is not the same as assuming fracture care.

Document the great toe fracture, the decision to treat it without manipulation, and the treatment plan. CMS assigns a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. For bilateral treatment, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery services are not paid; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Mississippi compares for 28490

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28490 runs from $139.70 in Arkansas to $210.99 in San Benito County, CA. Mississippi pays $141.20. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

28490 in Mississippi vs other payment areas
  1. Mississippi · this page$141.20
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$179.33+$38.13
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$181.80+$40.60
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$172.05+$30.85
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$166.85+$25.65
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$183.03+$41.83
  7. Alaska · Alaska$182.61+$41.41

Other areas in Mississippi first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

28490 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$141.83$118.74
ArkansasArkansas$139.70$117.03
ArizonaArizona$154.27$128.71
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$168.19$139.27
Chico, CACalifornia$167.70$138.78
El Centro, CACalifornia$167.73$138.81
Fresno, CACalifornia$167.70$138.78
Hanford, CACalifornia$167.70$138.78

28490 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$139.70

$189.35

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
28490 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$182.611
AL$141.831
AR$139.701
AZ$154.271
CA$167.70–$210.9929
CO$165.221
CT$169.461
DC$181.801
DE$156.891
FL$156.45–$172.053
GA$147.34–$161.752
GU$172.001
HI$172.001
IA$145.461
ID$146.471
IL$151.85–$166.854
IN$147.351
KS$144.811
KY$145.421
LA$145.20–$152.652
MA$164.20–$181.882
MD$159.95–$181.803
ME$147.32–$155.522
MI$149.39–$158.532
MN$157.991
MO$142.65–$153.153
MS$141.201
MT$158.641
NC$148.911
ND$155.281
NE$146.281
NH$162.661
NJ$171.30–$179.822
NM$150.261
NV$157.821
NY$151.22–$187.675
OH$148.701
OK$145.091
OR$156.51–$170.562
PA$148.92–$165.152
PR$159.831
RI$162.561
SC$149.071
SD$154.881
TN$145.571
TX$147.91–$164.758
UT$151.181
VA$155.03–$181.802
VI$159.831
VT$154.701
WA$163.88–$185.602
WI$149.901
WV$146.051
WY$157.181

See 28490 in every payment locality

How the 28490 rate is calculated

Each of 28490’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 28490

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work1.14

1.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense3.44

3.44 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.17

0.17 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

4.7500

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$158.65

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Mississippi inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,216

Code
28490
Physician work
1.14
Practice expense
3.44
Malpractice
0.17

GPCI2026.csv

67

Locality
Mississippi
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.861
Malpractice
0.739
Office calculation for 28490 in Mississippi
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work1.14× 1.0001.1400
Practice expense3.44× 0.8612.9618
Malpractice0.17× 0.7390.1256
Total RVUs4.2275
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Mississippi$141.20

Office: (1.14 × 1 + 3.44 × 0.861 + 0.17 × 0.739) × $33.4009 = $141.20

Facility: (1.14 × 1 + 2.65 × 0.861 + 0.17 × 0.739) × $33.4009 = $118.48

Open 28490 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 28490

28490 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 28490

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.10/0.69/0.21Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 28490

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

28490 without 50 · national office

$158.65

Toe fracture care, without manipulation

28490-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$237.98

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 28490 has changed in Mississippi

28490 · Office / nonfacility

$141.20

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $13.12 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $128.08 to $141.20 (10.2%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $128.08changed to$141.20

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 1.17 changed to 1.14
    • Practice expense RVU 3.13 changed to 3.44
    • Malpractice RVU 0.16 changed to 0.17
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.852 changed to 0.861
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.768 changed to 0.739

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $130.10changed to$128.08

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 3.07 changed to 3.13

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $127.98changed to$130.10

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $129.04changed to$127.98

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 2.97 changed to 3.07
    • Malpractice RVU 0.17 changed to 0.16
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.847 changed to 0.852
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.720 changed to 0.768
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $127.77changed to$129.04

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 2.86 changed to 2.97
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.842 changed to 0.847
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.671 changed to 0.720

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $127.48changed to$127.77

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 2.83 changed to 2.86
    • Malpractice RVU 0.15 changed to 0.17

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $129.88changed to$127.48

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 2.74 changed to 2.83
    • Malpractice RVU 0.16 changed to 0.15
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.856 changed to 0.842
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.521 changed to 0.671

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $131.96changed to$129.88

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 2.80 changed to 2.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.15 changed to 0.16
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.870 changed to 0.856
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.370 changed to 0.521

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $134.63changed to$131.96

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 2.89 changed to 2.80

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $133.01changed to$134.63

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 2.84 changed to 2.89
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.867 changed to 0.870
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.492 changed to 0.370

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $133.35changed to$133.01

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 2.85 changed to 2.84
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.864 changed to 0.867
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.613 changed to 0.492

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $134.14changed to$133.35

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 2.86 changed to 2.85

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $133.47changed to$134.14

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $132.68changed to$133.47

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 2.81 changed to 2.86
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.865 changed to 0.864
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.687 changed to 0.613

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $136.17changed to$132.68

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 3.13 changed to 2.81
    • Malpractice RVU 0.16 changed to 0.15
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.866 changed to 0.865
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.761 changed to 0.687

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $136.17

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$141.20$118.48RVU26D
2026-07-01$141.20$118.48RVU26C
2026-04-01$141.20$118.48RVU26B
2026-01-01$141.20$118.48RVU26A
2025-10-01$128.08$113.47RVU25D
2025-07-01$128.08$113.47RVU25C
2025-04-01$128.08$113.47RVU25B
2025-01-01$128.08$113.47RVU25A
2024-10-01$130.10$115.07RVU24D
2024-07-01$130.10$115.07RVU24C
2024-04-01$130.10$115.07RVU24B
2024-03-09$130.10$115.07RVU24AR
2024-01-01$127.98$113.20RVU24A
2023-10-01$129.04$114.40RVU23D
2023-07-01$129.04$114.40RVU23C
2023-04-01$129.04$114.40RVU23B
2023-01-01$129.04$114.40RVU23A
2022-10-01$127.77$112.91RVU22D
2022-07-01$127.77$112.91RVU22C
2022-04-01$127.77$112.91RVU22B
2022-01-01$127.77$112.91RVU22A
2021-10-01$127.48$111.91RVU21D
2021-07-01$127.48$111.91RVU21C
2021-04-01$127.48$111.91RVU21B
2021-01-01$127.48$111.91RVU21A
2020-10-01$129.88$113.82RVU20D
2020-07-01$129.88$113.82RVU20C
2020-04-01$129.88$113.82RVU20B
2020-01-01$129.88$113.82RVU20A
2019-10-01$131.96$114.71RVU19D
2019-07-01$131.96$114.71RVU19C
2019-04-01$131.96$114.71RVU19B
2019-01-01$131.96$114.71RVU19A
2018-10-01$134.63$115.21RVU18D
2018-07-01$134.63$115.21RVU18C
2018-04-01$134.63$115.21RVU18B
2018-01-01$134.63$115.21RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$133.01$114.96RVU17D
2017-07-01$133.01$114.96RVU17C
2017-04-01$133.01$114.96RVU17B
2017-01-01$133.01$114.96RVU17A
2016-10-01$133.35$115.41RVU16D
2016-07-01$133.35$115.41RVU16C
2016-04-01$133.35$115.41RVU16B
2016-01-01$133.35$115.41RVU16A
2015-10-01$134.14$116.13RVU15D
2015-07-01$134.14$116.13RVU15C
2015-04-01$133.47$115.55RVU15B
2015-01-01$133.47$115.55RVU15A
2014-10-01$132.68$114.70RVU14D
2014-07-01$132.68$114.70RVU14C
2014-04-01$132.68$114.70RVU14B
2014-01-01$132.68$114.70RVU14A
2013-10-01$136.17$117.31RVU13D
2013-07-01$136.17$117.31RVU13C
2013-04-01$136.17$117.31RVU13B
2013-01-01$136.17$117.31RVU13AR

Price 28490 for an earlier date of service

Where the Mississippi rate applies

Mississippi is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 427 cities and communities in Mississippi. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Abbeville
  • Aberdeen
  • Ackerman
  • Agricola
  • Alcorn State University
  • Algoma
  • Alligator
  • Amory

Browse all communities in Mississippi

28490 billing questions

How is 28490 distinguished from 28495?

Use 28490 when the great toe fracture is treated without manipulation. When the clinician manipulates the fracture to alter alignment, consider 28495 instead.

When is 28496 considered instead?

28496 describes percutaneous skeletal fixation of a great toe fracture with manipulation. It is not the code for closed treatment without manipulation.

Does routine fracture follow-up fall within this code's global period?

CMS assigns 28490 a 90-day global period. The day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included.

How is treatment of both great toes handled?

CMS identifies this as a bilateral procedure; modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Document treatment of both sides.

Can an assistant, co-surgeon, or surgical team be paid for this service?

CMS applies a statutory restriction to assistant-at-surgery payment. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted for this code.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 28490PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,216 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for MississippiGPCI2026.csv, line 67 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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