CPT code 28510: Toe fracture care, without manipulation2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in California
Reports closed treatment without manipulation of a phalangeal fracture in a toe other than the great toe, with follow-up care included in the global period.
Medicare pays $137.69–$171.62 for 28510 in the office in California, from Chico, CA to San Benito County, CA. Which amount applies depends on the service address.
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
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On this page 9 sections
What 28510 covers
This code covers closed treatment of a fracture in one or more phalanges of a toe other than the great toe, when the physician or other qualified practitioner does not manipulate the fracture. A typical case is a lesser-toe fracture managed with measures such as buddy taping or protective footwear. Orthopedic clinicians, podiatrists, and other practitioners who manage foot injuries may provide this care in an office or facility setting.
Report it when the record supports the fracture’s location and closed treatment without manipulation. The code has a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Bilateral adjustment does not apply. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
Where 28510 pays more and less in California
The same RVUs, adjusted for each area’s costs. Open a locality for its calculation, history and nearby areas.
29 payment localities
$137.69 to $171.62
29 of 29 payment localities
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Bakersfield, CA | $138.13 | $131.54 |
| Chico, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| El Centro, CA | $137.71 | $131.12 |
| Fresno, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Hanford, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Los Angeles, CA | $146.88 | $139.77 |
| Madera, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Marin County, CA | $167.85 | $159.38 |
| Merced, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Modesto, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Napa, CA | $158.80 | $150.88 |
| Oxnard, CA | $146.10 | $138.99 |
| Redding, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Rest of California | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Riverside, CA | $139.31 | $132.72 |
| Sacramento, CA | $144.30 | $137.30 |
| Salinas, CA | $143.75 | $136.79 |
| San Benito County, CA | $171.62 | $162.95 |
| San Diego, CA | $147.00 | $139.81 |
| San Francisco, CA | $167.68 | $159.21 |
| San Luis Obispo, CA | $141.46 | $134.62 |
| Santa Clara County, CA | $170.93 | $162.26 |
| Santa Cruz, CA | $148.29 | $140.99 |
| Santa Maria, CA | $144.26 | $137.24 |
| Santa Rosa, CA | $149.78 | $142.39 |
| Stockton, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Vallejo, CA | $158.55 | $150.63 |
| Visalia, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Yuba City, CA | $137.69 | $131.10 |
How the 28510 rate is calculated
Each of 28510’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 28510
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.14
1.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.63
2.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.15
0.15 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.9200
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$130.93
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
Payment rules and modifiers for 28510
28510 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 28510
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.69/0.21 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 28510
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
28510 without 51 · national office
$130.93
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
28510-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$65.47
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
28510 compared with similar codes
Compare codes · National
4 codes, side by side
How to choose
- 28515Toe fracture careWith manipulation
- Both concern closed treatment of a lesser-toe phalangeal fracture. Choose 28510 when no manipulation is performed and 28515 when the fracture is manipulated.
- 28490Toe fracture careWithout manipulation
- This code is for closed treatment without manipulation of a great-toe phalangeal fracture; 28510 is for a toe other than the great toe.
- 28525Toe fracture repairLesser toe, open treatment
- 28525 describes open treatment of a lesser-toe phalangeal fracture. 28510 describes closed treatment without manipulation.
28510 billing questions
When should 28510 be used instead of 28515?
Use 28510 when the lesser-toe fracture is treated closed without manipulation. Use 28515 when manipulation is performed as part of closed treatment.
Does this code include related fracture follow-up?
Yes. Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, along with the day-before preoperative visit.
Can modifier 50 be reported for fractures on both feet?
No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code, so modifier 50 is not used to indicate bilateral treatment.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for 28510. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
What documentation supports 28510?
Document the fractured phalanx and toe, confirm that the toe is not the great toe, and describe closed treatment without manipulation.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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