CPT code 28510: Toe fracture care, without manipulation2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Vallejo, CA
Reports closed treatment without manipulation of a phalangeal fracture in a toe other than the great toe, with follow-up care included in the global period.
In Vallejo, CA, Medicare pays $158.55 for 28510 in the office and $150.63 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28510 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 28510 covers
This code covers closed treatment of a fracture in one or more phalanges of a toe other than the great toe, when the physician or other qualified practitioner does not manipulate the fracture. A typical case is a lesser-toe fracture managed with measures such as buddy taping or protective footwear. Orthopedic clinicians, podiatrists, and other practitioners who manage foot injuries may provide this care in an office or facility setting.
Report it when the record supports the fracture’s location and closed treatment without manipulation. The code has a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Bilateral adjustment does not apply. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Vallejo, CA compares for 28510
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 28510 runs from $116.12 in Arkansas to $171.62 in San Benito County, CA. Vallejo, CA pays $158.55. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Vallejo, CA · this page$158.55
- Bakersfield, CA · California$138.13−$20.42
- Chico, CA · California$137.69−$20.86
- El Centro, CA · California$137.71−$20.84
- Fresno, CA · California$137.69−$20.86
- Hanford, CA · California$137.69−$20.86
- Los Angeles, CA · California$146.88−$11.67
Other areas in California first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Madera, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $158.80 | $150.88 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $146.10 | $138.99 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $139.31 | $132.72 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $144.30 | $137.30 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $143.75 | $136.79 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $147.00 | $139.81 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $167.85 | $159.38 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $167.68 | $159.21 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $171.62 | $162.95 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $170.93 | $162.26 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $141.46 | $134.62 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $148.29 | $140.99 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $144.26 | $137.24 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $149.78 | $142.39 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $137.69 | $131.10 |
| Washington, DC areaDistrict of Columbia | $149.19 | $142.11 |
| Miami, FLFlorida | $142.19 | $135.93 |
| Chicago, ILIllinois | $138.13 | $132.08 |
| Manhattan, NYNew York | $150.54 | $143.55 |
| AlaskaAlaska | $153.43 | $147.03 |
| AlabamaAlabama | $117.78 | $112.52 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $116.12 | $110.95 |
| ArizonaArizona | $127.49 | $121.66 |
| ColoradoColorado | $135.91 | $129.52 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $139.51 | $133.03 |
| DelawareDelaware | $129.56 | $123.62 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $136.12 | $130.03 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $129.59 | $123.84 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $133.46 | $127.35 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $122.41 | $117.04 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $140.86 | $134.02 |
| IowaIowa | $120.44 | $114.94 |
| IdahoIdaho | $121.26 | $115.73 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $128.98 | $123.45 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $126.11 | $120.62 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $137.44 | $131.26 |
| IndianaIndiana | $121.94 | $116.37 |
| KansasKansas | $120.01 | $114.58 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $120.75 | $115.41 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $126.43 | $120.77 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $120.62 | $115.30 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $148.98 | $141.80 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $135.18 | $128.85 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $139.14 | $132.69 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $131.96 | $125.87 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $122.01 | $116.48 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $128.29 | $122.33 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $131.29 | $125.49 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $123.94 | $118.45 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $129.95 | $123.77 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $125.46 | $119.81 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $126.73 | $121.00 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $118.68 | $113.50 |
| MississippiMississippi | $117.41 | $112.24 |
| MontanaMontana | $130.92 | $124.91 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $123.24 | $117.63 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $127.96 | $121.94 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $121.05 | $115.50 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $133.91 | $127.65 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $147.73 | $140.75 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $141.02 | $134.46 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $124.65 | $119.13 |
| NevadaNevada | $130.18 | $124.16 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $154.26 | $147.12 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $142.04 | $135.46 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $151.57 | $144.46 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $125.05 | $119.34 |
| OhioOhio | $123.33 | $117.84 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $120.41 | $115.05 |
| Portland, OROregon | $140.01 | $133.33 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $129.09 | $123.10 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $136.19 | $129.93 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $123.45 | $117.93 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $131.82 | $125.74 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $134.01 | $127.80 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $123.50 | $117.95 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $127.60 | $121.59 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $120.62 | $115.15 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $135.53 | $129.17 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $122.67 | $117.20 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $129.34 | $123.39 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $130.21 | $124.22 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $129.40 | $123.47 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $129.76 | $123.79 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $132.51 | $126.53 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $125.97 | $120.26 |
| UtahUtah | $125.15 | $119.50 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $127.97 | $122.06 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $131.82 | $125.74 |
| VermontVermont | $127.58 | $121.63 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $134.88 | $128.55 |
| King County, WAWashington | $151.86 | $144.48 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $123.78 | $118.02 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $121.58 | $116.36 |
| WyomingWyoming | $129.63 | $123.62 |
28510 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$116.12
$154.66
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $153.43 | 1 |
| AL | $117.78 | 1 |
| AR | $116.12 | 1 |
| AZ | $127.49 | 1 |
| CA | $137.69–$171.62 | 29 |
| CO | $135.91 | 1 |
| CT | $139.51 | 1 |
| DC | $149.19 | 1 |
| DE | $129.56 | 1 |
| FL | $129.59–$142.19 | 3 |
| GA | $122.41–$133.46 | 2 |
| GU | $140.86 | 1 |
| HI | $140.86 | 1 |
| IA | $120.44 | 1 |
| ID | $121.26 | 1 |
| IL | $126.11–$138.13 | 4 |
| IN | $121.94 | 1 |
| KS | $120.01 | 1 |
| KY | $120.75 | 1 |
| LA | $120.62–$126.43 | 2 |
| MA | $135.18–$148.98 | 2 |
| MD | $131.96–$149.19 | 3 |
| ME | $122.01–$128.29 | 2 |
| MI | $123.94–$131.29 | 2 |
| MN | $129.95 | 1 |
| MO | $118.68–$126.73 | 3 |
| MS | $117.41 | 1 |
| MT | $130.92 | 1 |
| NC | $123.24 | 1 |
| ND | $127.96 | 1 |
| NE | $121.05 | 1 |
| NH | $133.91 | 1 |
| NJ | $141.02–$147.73 | 2 |
| NM | $124.65 | 1 |
| NV | $130.18 | 1 |
| NY | $125.05–$154.26 | 5 |
| OH | $123.33 | 1 |
| OK | $120.41 | 1 |
| OR | $129.09–$140.01 | 2 |
| PA | $123.45–$136.19 | 2 |
| PR | $131.82 | 1 |
| RI | $134.01 | 1 |
| SC | $123.50 | 1 |
| SD | $127.60 | 1 |
| TN | $120.62 | 1 |
| TX | $122.67–$135.53 | 8 |
| UT | $125.15 | 1 |
| VA | $127.97–$149.19 | 2 |
| VI | $131.82 | 1 |
| VT | $127.58 | 1 |
| WA | $134.88–$151.86 | 2 |
| WI | $123.78 | 1 |
| WV | $121.58 | 1 |
| WY | $129.63 | 1 |
How the 28510 rate is calculated
Each of 28510’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 28510
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.14
1.14 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.63
2.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.15
0.15 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.9200
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$130.93
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Vallejo, CA inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,220
- Code
- 28510
- Physician work
- 1.14
- Practice expense
- 2.63
- Malpractice
- 0.15
GPCI2026.csv
33
- Locality
- Vallejo, CA
- Physician work
- 1.063
- Practice expense
- 1.318
- Malpractice
- 0.459
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.14 | × 1.063 | 1.2118 |
| Practice expense | 2.63 | × 1.318 | 3.4663 |
| Malpractice | 0.15 | × 0.459 | 0.0688 |
| Total RVUs | 4.7470 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Vallejo, CA$158.55
Office: (1.14 × 1.063 + 2.63 × 1.318 + 0.15 × 0.459) × $33.4009 = $158.55
Facility: (1.14 × 1.063 + 2.45 × 1.318 + 0.15 × 0.459) × $33.4009 = $150.63
Payment rules and modifiers for 28510
28510 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 28510
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.69/0.21 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 28510
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
28510 without 51 · national office
$130.93
Toe fracture care, without manipulation
28510-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$65.47
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 28510 has changed in Vallejo, CA
28510 · Office / nonfacility
$158.55
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $11.14 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $147.41 to $158.55 (7.6%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$147.41changed to$158.55
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 1.17 changed to 1.14
- Practice expense RVU 2.48 changed to 2.63
- Work GPCI 1.058 changed to 1.063
- Practice expense GPCI 1.310 changed to 1.318
- Malpractice GPCI 0.470 changed to 0.459
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$150.23changed to$147.41
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.45 changed to 2.48
- Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.15
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$147.78changed to$150.23
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$145.15changed to$147.78
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.36 changed to 2.45
- Work GPCI 1.051 changed to 1.058
- Practice expense GPCI 1.265 changed to 1.310
- Malpractice GPCI 0.487 changed to 0.470
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$140.20changed to$145.15
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.36
- Malpractice RVU 0.12 changed to 0.14
- Work GPCI 1.044 changed to 1.051
- Practice expense GPCI 1.220 changed to 1.265
- Malpractice GPCI 0.504 changed to 0.487
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$140.86changed to$140.20
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.25 changed to 2.27
- Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.12
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$143.57changed to$140.86
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.17 changed to 2.25
- Malpractice RVU 0.13 changed to 0.14
- Work GPCI 1.049 changed to 1.044
- Practice expense GPCI 1.238 changed to 1.220
- Malpractice GPCI 0.496 changed to 0.504
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$146.67changed to$143.57
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.21 changed to 2.17
- Work GPCI 1.055 changed to 1.049
- Practice expense GPCI 1.256 changed to 1.238
- Malpractice GPCI 0.458 changed to 0.496
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$149.22changed to$146.67
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.21
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$148.79changed to$149.22
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 2.24 changed to 2.27
- Work GPCI 1.057 changed to 1.055
- Practice expense GPCI 1.271 changed to 1.256
- Malpractice GPCI 0.477 changed to 0.458
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
No ratechanged to$148.79
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $158.55 | $150.63 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $158.55 | $150.63 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $158.55 | $150.63 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $158.55 | $150.63 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $147.41 | $147.41 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $147.41 | $147.41 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $147.41 | $147.41 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $147.41 | $147.41 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $150.23 | $149.80 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $150.23 | $149.80 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $150.23 | $149.80 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $150.23 | $149.80 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $147.78 | $147.35 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $145.15 | $144.29 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $145.15 | $144.29 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $145.15 | $144.29 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $145.15 | $144.29 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $140.20 | $138.51 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $140.20 | $138.51 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $140.20 | $138.51 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $140.20 | $138.51 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $140.86 | $138.31 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $140.86 | $138.31 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $140.86 | $138.31 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $140.86 | $138.31 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $143.57 | $140.89 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $143.57 | $140.89 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $143.57 | $140.89 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $143.57 | $140.89 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $146.67 | $143.05 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $146.67 | $143.05 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $146.67 | $143.05 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $146.67 | $143.05 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $149.22 | $143.34 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $149.22 | $143.34 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $149.22 | $143.34 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $149.22 | $143.34 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $148.79 | $144.22 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $148.79 | $144.22 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $148.79 | $144.22 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $148.79 | $144.22 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Vallejo, CA rate applies
Vallejo, CA is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 11 cities and communities in California. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Vallejo
- Allendale
- Benicia
- Dixon
- Elmira
- Fairfield
- Green Valley
- Hartley
28510 billing questions
When should 28510 be used instead of 28515?
Use 28510 when the lesser-toe fracture is treated closed without manipulation. Use 28515 when manipulation is performed as part of closed treatment.
Does this code include related fracture follow-up?
Yes. Related postoperative care during the 90-day global period is included, along with the day-before preoperative visit.
Can modifier 50 be reported for fractures on both feet?
No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code, so modifier 50 is not used to indicate bilateral treatment.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for 28510. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
What documentation supports 28510?
Document the fractured phalanx and toe, confirm that the toe is not the great toe, and describe closed treatment without manipulation.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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