CPT code 28705: Pantalar fusion, ankle and hindfoot joints2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Carolina
Reports surgical fusion of the ankle and hindfoot joints for extensive painful arthritis, deformity, or instability involving the pantalar complex.
In South Carolina, Medicare pays $1,065.10 for 28705 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 28705 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 28705 covers
Pantalar arthrodesis fuses the ankle and hindfoot joints—the tibiotalar, subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid articulations—into a stable construct. A foot-and-ankle orthopedic surgeon typically performs this extensive operation for severe painful arthritis, deformity, or instability involving the joint complex, including selected post-traumatic or neuromuscular cases.
Report the service when the operative documentation supports fusion of the ankle and the hindfoot articulations, rather than a more limited fusion. Document the treated joints, indication, and laterality. The procedure has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and related postoperative care during that period. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others at 50%. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Carolina compares for 28705
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 28705 runs from $1,008.15 in Arkansas to $1,413.08 in Alaska. South Carolina pays $1,065.10. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Carolina · this page$1,065.10
- Los Angeles, CA · California$1,161.16+$96.06
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,214.70+$149.60
- Miami, FL · Florida$1,279.37+$214.27
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$1,247.43+$182.33
- Manhattan, NY · New York$1,265.00+$199.90
- Alaska · Alaska$1,413.08+$347.98
Other areas in South Carolina first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $1,018.90 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $1,008.15 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $1,081.05 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $1,111.24 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.85 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $1,205.51 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $1,147.95 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $1,135.92 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $1,137.74 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $1,133.06 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $1,145.63 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $1,252.95 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $1,249.42 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $1,281.78 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $1,267.34 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $1,116.98 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $1,145.52 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $1,133.46 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $1,155.91 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $1,200.42 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $1,102.33 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $1,113.57 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $1,167.86 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $1,095.30 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $1,194.93 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $1,143.83 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $1,134.89 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $1,089.72 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $1,109.51 |
| IowaIowa | — | $1,014.98 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $1,024.57 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $1,184.65 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $1,135.41 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $1,200.60 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $1,028.31 |
| KansasKansas | — | $1,022.34 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $1,059.93 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $1,100.60 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $1,063.03 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $1,188.38 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $1,114.13 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $1,166.65 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $1,108.76 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $1,040.05 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $1,065.18 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $1,165.91 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $1,090.33 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $1,043.32 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $1,083.40 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $1,090.43 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $1,056.86 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $1,032.10 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $1,106.36 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $1,046.25 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $1,044.87 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $1,015.73 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $1,107.56 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $1,209.85 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $1,174.47 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $1,099.17 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $1,089.57 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $1,302.35 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $1,190.54 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $1,256.86 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $1,058.69 |
| OhioOhio | — | $1,077.76 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $1,046.95 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $1,128.39 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $1,074.36 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $1,152.50 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $1,072.92 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $1,108.76 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $1,119.17 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $1,037.60 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $1,027.47 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $1,115.81 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $1,068.53 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $1,085.95 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $1,096.42 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $1,094.36 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $1,091.62 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $1,148.54 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $1,079.12 |
| UtahUtah | — | $1,075.54 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $1,070.24 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $1,108.76 |
| VermontVermont | — | $1,051.85 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $1,108.41 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $1,198.00 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $1,020.38 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $1,106.71 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $1,079.56 |
28705 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 28705 rate is calculated
Each of 28705’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 28705
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work19.82
19.82 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense10.20
10.20 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice3.11
3.11 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
33.1300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$1,106.57
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Carolina inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,245
- Code
- 28705
- Physician work
- 19.82
- Practice expense
- 10.20
- Malpractice
- 3.11
GPCI2026.csv
93
- Locality
- South Carolina
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.924
- Malpractice
- 0.850
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 19.82 | × 1.000 | 19.8200 |
| Practice expense | 10.20 | × 0.924 | 9.4248 |
| Malpractice | 3.11 | × 0.850 | 2.6435 |
| Total RVUs | 31.8883 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, South Carolina$1065.10
Facility: (19.82 × 1 + 10.2 × 0.924 + 3.11 × 0.85) × $33.4009 = $1065.10
Payment rules and modifiers for 28705
28705 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 28705
Pantalar fusion, ankle and hindfoot joints
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 2 | Paid. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 1 | Permitted with supporting documentation. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.69/0.21 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 28705
Pantalar fusion, ankle and hindfoot joints
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
28705 without 50 · national facility
$1,106.57
Pantalar fusion, ankle and hindfoot joints
28705-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$1,659.86
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 28705 has changed in South Carolina
28705 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,065.10 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,065.10 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,065.10 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,065.10 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,139.38 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,139.38 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,139.38 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,139.38 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,164.94 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,164.94 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,164.94 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $1,164.94 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,145.93 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,168.35 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,168.35 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,168.35 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,168.35 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,175.19 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,175.19 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,175.19 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,175.19 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,174.68 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,174.68 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,174.68 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,174.68 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,199.15 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,199.15 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,199.15 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,199.15 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,194.55 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,194.55 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,194.55 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,194.55 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,206.53 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,206.53 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,206.53 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,206.53 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,209.33 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,209.33 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,209.33 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,209.33 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,221.75 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,221.75 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,221.75 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,221.75 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.51 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,230.51 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,224.39 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,224.39 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.28 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.28 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.28 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,219.28 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,198.56 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,198.56 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,198.56 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $1,198.56 | RVU13AR |
Where the South Carolina rate applies
South Carolina is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 475 cities and communities in South Carolina. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbeville
- Abney Crossroads
- Adams Run
- Aiken
- Alcolu
- Allendale
- Anderson
- Andrews
28705 billing questions
How does pantalar fusion differ from triple arthrodesis?
Pantalar fusion includes the ankle joint as well as the hindfoot joints. Triple arthrodesis is the more limited choice when the ankle is not included in the fusion.
Can the individual hindfoot fusions be reported separately?
When the operative service is a pantalar fusion, the included ankle and hindfoot joints are part of that fusion service. The operative report should identify the joints fused.
How is bilateral pantalar fusion reported?
Use modifier 50 for a bilateral procedure. CMS payment for bilateral reporting is 150%.
What postoperative care is included?
The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and related postoperative care during the 90 days after surgery.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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