CPT code 31511: Laryngeal FB removal, indirect laryngoscopy2026 Medicare rate & RVUs
Removal of a foreign object from the larynx under indirect laryngoscopic visualization when the clinician can reach and extract it without direct operative laryngoscopy.
Medicare pays $210.76 for 31511 nationally in the office and $116.57 in a hospital or facility. Local office rates run $187.53–$271.44.
Medicare rate · 31511
Laryngeal FB removal, indirect laryngoscopy
- Work RVUs
- 2.11
- Total RVUs
- 6.31
- Global days
- 000
National rate · 2026
$210.76
Office setting, before claim adjustments.
See every locality for 31511 →Billed by an NP, PA or therapist? →
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
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On this page 10 sections
What 31511 covers
An otolaryngologist uses indirect laryngoscopic visualization to locate and remove a foreign object lodged in the larynx. The code fits an extraction performed through this indirect approach, rather than removal during direct operative laryngoscopy. It is a focused therapeutic service, not a diagnostic-only examination. Medicare claims for this service in 2024 were reported in facility settings.
Document the laryngeal location of the object, the indirect visualization approach, and the extraction performed. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy family pricing applies. A bilateral adjustment is not appropriate. CMS does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
Where 31511 pays more and less
The same RVUs, adjusted for each area’s costs. Open a locality for its calculation, history and nearby areas.
109 payment localities
$187.53 to $271.44
109 of 109 payment localities
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $190.13 | $107.71 |
| Alaska | $249.97 | $149.65 |
| Arizona | $205.28 | $114.01 |
| Arkansas | $187.53 | $106.62 |
| Atlanta, GA | $215.07 | $119.37 |
| Austin, TX | $217.31 | $117.66 |
| Bakersfield, CA | $220.69 | $117.45 |
| Baltimore area, MD | $223.77 | $122.70 |
| Beaumont, TX | $198.32 | $112.61 |
| Brazoria, TX | $207.95 | $114.60 |
| Chicago, IL | $224.88 | $130.22 |
| Chico, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Colorado | $217.75 | $117.53 |
| Connecticut | $224.30 | $122.86 |
| Dallas, TX | $209.45 | $115.64 |
| Delaware | $208.54 | $115.48 |
| Detroit, MI | $213.07 | $122.18 |
| East St. Louis, IL | $210.50 | $123.84 |
| El Centro, CA | $219.86 | $116.63 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FL | $220.55 | $125.13 |
| Fort Worth, TX | $208.28 | $115.41 |
| Fresno, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Galveston, TX | $208.69 | $115.16 |
| Hanford, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HI | $224.39 | $117.29 |
| Houston, TX | $214.18 | $120.65 |
| Idaho | $195.06 | $108.40 |
| Indiana | $196.10 | $108.79 |
| Iowa | $193.65 | $107.46 |
| Kansas | $193.28 | $108.14 |
| Kentucky | $195.45 | $111.71 |
| King County, WA | $242.02 | $126.45 |
| Los Angeles, CA | $234.12 | $122.69 |
| Madera, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Manhattan, NY | $242.24 | $132.80 |
| Marin County, CA | $265.44 | $132.63 |
| Merced, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MA | $237.82 | $125.35 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MO | $202.58 | $114.14 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PA | $219.30 | $121.25 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MO | $204.53 | $114.86 |
| Miami, FL | $231.42 | $133.37 |
| Minnesota | $207.48 | $110.56 |
| Mississippi | $190.04 | $108.94 |
| Modesto, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Montana | $210.74 | $116.55 |
| Napa, CA | $251.69 | $127.55 |
| Nebraska | $194.50 | $107.56 |
| Nevada | $209.22 | $114.93 |
| New Hampshire | $214.85 | $116.80 |
| New Mexico | $201.96 | $115.59 |
| New Orleans, LA | $204.44 | $115.80 |
| North Carolina | $198.41 | $110.53 |
| North Dakota | $204.81 | $110.62 |
| Northern New Jersey | $236.72 | $127.46 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NY | $248.48 | $136.48 |
| Ohio | $199.51 | $113.51 |
| Oklahoma | $194.59 | $110.47 |
| Oxnard, CA | $232.66 | $121.33 |
| Portland, OR | $223.78 | $119.14 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NY | $228.41 | $125.27 |
| Puerto Rico | $212.04 | $116.82 |
| Queens, NY | $243.41 | $132.07 |
| Redding, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Rest of California | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Rest of Florida | $210.07 | $120.02 |
| Rest of Georgia | $198.62 | $114.60 |
| Rest of Illinois | $205.07 | $119.07 |
| Rest of Louisiana | $195.36 | $112.00 |
| Rest of Maine | $196.55 | $109.90 |
| Rest of Maryland | $212.21 | $116.89 |
| Rest of Massachusetts | $216.76 | $117.57 |
| Rest of Michigan | $200.72 | $114.72 |
| Rest of Missouri | $192.52 | $111.33 |
| Rest of New Jersey | $226.53 | $123.68 |
| Rest of New York | $201.27 | $111.79 |
| Rest of Oregon | $207.26 | $113.45 |
| Rest of Pennsylvania | $199.53 | $113.06 |
| Rest of Texas | $203.14 | $113.76 |
| Rest of Washington | $216.18 | $117.00 |
| Rhode Island | $215.32 | $118.02 |
| Riverside, CA | $223.06 | $119.83 |
| Sacramento, CA | $229.88 | $120.34 |
| Salinas, CA | $229.01 | $119.84 |
| San Benito County, CA | $271.44 | $135.62 |
| San Diego, CA | $233.82 | $121.16 |
| San Francisco, CA | $265.10 | $132.29 |
| San Luis Obispo, CA | $225.41 | $118.13 |
| Santa Clara County, CA | $270.05 | $134.22 |
| Santa Cruz, CA | $235.60 | $121.16 |
| Santa Maria, CA | $229.71 | $119.88 |
| Santa Rosa, CA | $237.92 | $122.26 |
| South Carolina | $199.36 | $112.32 |
| South Dakota | $204.11 | $109.92 |
| Southern Maine, ME | $205.89 | $112.55 |
| Stockton, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Suburban Chicago, IL | $222.51 | $125.77 |
| Tennessee | $194.27 | $108.65 |
| Utah | $201.92 | $113.38 |
| Vallejo, CA | $251.20 | $127.06 |
| Vermont | $204.51 | $111.26 |
| Virgin Islands, VI | $212.04 | $116.82 |
| Virginia | $205.60 | $113.01 |
| Visalia, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
| Washington, DC area | $238.88 | $127.93 |
| West Virginia | $198.01 | $116.16 |
| Wisconsin | $198.35 | $108.12 |
| Wyoming | $208.15 | $113.96 |
| Yuba City, CA | $219.81 | $116.58 |
31511 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$187.53
$249.97
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $249.97 | 1 |
| AL | $190.13 | 1 |
| AR | $187.53 | 1 |
| AZ | $205.28 | 1 |
| CA | $219.81–$271.44 | 29 |
| CO | $217.75 | 1 |
| CT | $224.30 | 1 |
| DC | $238.88 | 1 |
| DE | $208.54 | 1 |
| FL | $210.07–$231.42 | 3 |
| GA | $198.62–$215.07 | 2 |
| GU | $224.39 | 1 |
| HI | $224.39 | 1 |
| IA | $193.65 | 1 |
| ID | $195.06 | 1 |
| IL | $205.07–$224.88 | 4 |
| IN | $196.10 | 1 |
| KS | $193.28 | 1 |
| KY | $195.45 | 1 |
| LA | $195.36–$204.44 | 2 |
| MA | $216.76–$237.82 | 2 |
| MD | $212.21–$238.88 | 3 |
| ME | $196.55–$205.89 | 2 |
| MI | $200.72–$213.07 | 2 |
| MN | $207.48 | 1 |
| MO | $192.52–$204.53 | 3 |
| MS | $190.04 | 1 |
| MT | $210.74 | 1 |
| NC | $198.41 | 1 |
| ND | $204.81 | 1 |
| NE | $194.50 | 1 |
| NH | $214.85 | 1 |
| NJ | $226.53–$236.72 | 2 |
| NM | $201.96 | 1 |
| NV | $209.22 | 1 |
| NY | $201.27–$248.48 | 5 |
| OH | $199.51 | 1 |
| OK | $194.59 | 1 |
| OR | $207.26–$223.78 | 2 |
| PA | $199.53–$219.30 | 2 |
| PR | $212.04 | 1 |
| RI | $215.32 | 1 |
| SC | $199.36 | 1 |
| SD | $204.11 | 1 |
| TN | $194.27 | 1 |
| TX | $198.32–$217.31 | 8 |
| UT | $201.92 | 1 |
| VA | $205.60–$238.88 | 2 |
| VI | $212.04 | 1 |
| VT | $204.51 | 1 |
| WA | $216.18–$242.02 | 2 |
| WI | $198.35 | 1 |
| WV | $198.01 | 1 |
| WY | $208.15 | 1 |
How the 31511 rate is calculated
Each of 31511’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31511
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.11
2.11 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense3.90
3.90 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.30
0.30 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
6.3100
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$210.76
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
Payment rules and modifiers for 31511
The CMS indicators that decide how 31511 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 31511
Laryngeal FB removal, indirect laryngoscopy
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31511 without 51 · national office
$210.76
Laryngeal FB removal, indirect laryngoscopy
31511-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$105.38
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
31511 compared with similar codes
Compare codes · National
5 codes, side by side
How to choose
- 31530LaryngoscopyForeign body removal
- Both address laryngeal foreign body removal, but 31511 uses indirect laryngoscopic visualization. Select 31530 for removal by direct laryngoscopy.
- 31531Foreign body removalWith operating scope
- Code 31531 describes direct laryngoscopic removal with an operating microscope; 31511 is for removal using indirect laryngoscopy.
- 31505LaryngoscopyIndirect, diagnostic
- Code 31505 is a diagnostic indirect laryngoscopy. Report 31511 when the service includes removal of a laryngeal foreign body.
- 31512Laryngeal lesion removalIndirect laryngoscopy
- Code 31512 concerns indirect laryngoscopic removal of a lesion. Code 31511 is for removal of a foreign object.
31511 billing questions
How does this differ from code 31530?
Code 31511 describes foreign body removal using indirect laryngoscopic visualization. Code 31530 is the direct laryngoscopy approach for removal.
When should code 31531 be considered instead?
Use 31531 when foreign body removal is performed by direct laryngoscopy with an operating microscope. The indirect approach is the distinguishing feature of 31511.
Can a diagnostic laryngoscopy be reported with the removal?
A separate diagnostic laryngoscopy is not established by the removal service alone. If related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy family pricing applies.
What documentation supports reporting 31511?
Record that a foreign object was present in the larynx, that the clinician used indirect laryngoscopic visualization, and that the object was removed.
Can modifier 50 or an assistant-at-surgery claim be used?
No bilateral adjustment applies, so modifier 50 is inappropriate. CMS does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code.
What does the 0-day global period include?
Same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included in the procedure payment.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
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