CPT code 31573: Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Miami, FL
Reports flexible laryngoscopy used to deliver therapeutic injections to laryngeal structures, such as botulinum toxin for spasmodic dysphonia.
In Miami, FL, Medicare pays $313.67 for 31573 in the office and $148.86 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31573 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 31573 covers
An otolaryngologist or laryngologist passes a flexible scope to visualize the larynx and deliver one or more therapeutic injections. A common use is botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic dysphonia; medication may also be injected for another therapeutic purpose. The flexible approach distinguishes this service from injection performed during direct laryngoscopy. It is commonly performed in an office or procedural setting, with the record identifying the target and therapeutic agent.
Report the service when the flexible laryngoscopy and therapeutic injection are performed, not for diagnostic visualization alone or injection intended to augment vocal-fold volume. Document the approach, injection site, purpose, and medication. This minor procedure has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy-family pricing applies. For a bilateral procedure, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Miami, FL compares for 31573
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31573 runs from $253.77 in Arkansas to $377.04 in San Benito County, CA. Miami, FL pays $313.67. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Miami, FL · this page$313.67
- Fort Lauderdale, FL · Florida$299.51−$14.16
- Rest of Florida · Florida$284.67−$29.00
- Los Angeles, CA · California$322.33+$8.66
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$327.78+$14.11
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$304.35−$9.32
- Manhattan, NY · New York$331.12+$17.45
Other areas in Florida first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlaskaAlaska | $334.17 | $165.56 |
| AlabamaAlabama | $257.52 | $118.99 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $253.77 | $117.77 |
| ArizonaArizona | $279.44 | $126.03 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $302.87 | $129.35 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $301.90 | $128.38 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $348.67 | $140.00 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $320.61 | $133.48 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $305.73 | $132.21 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $316.48 | $132.35 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $315.30 | $131.80 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $322.54 | $133.19 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $368.65 | $145.42 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $368.24 | $145.01 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $377.04 | $148.74 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $375.36 | $147.07 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $310.27 | $129.94 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $325.48 | $133.13 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $316.43 | $131.83 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $328.75 | $134.33 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $348.08 | $139.41 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $301.84 | $128.32 |
| ColoradoColorado | $298.11 | $129.66 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $306.45 | $135.94 |
| DelawareDelaware | $284.08 | $127.66 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $293.04 | $132.19 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $268.38 | $127.16 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $309.05 | $129.04 |
| IowaIowa | $263.33 | $118.47 |
| IdahoIdaho | $265.23 | $119.57 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $283.76 | $138.10 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $276.96 | $132.41 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $302.38 | $139.78 |
| IndianaIndiana | $266.75 | $119.99 |
| KansasKansas | $262.46 | $119.34 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $264.46 | $123.72 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $277.32 | $128.34 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $264.20 | $124.08 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $327.21 | $138.17 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $296.46 | $129.75 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $305.68 | $135.80 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $289.41 | $129.19 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $267.02 | $121.36 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $281.05 | $124.15 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $288.63 | $135.86 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $271.74 | $127.19 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $284.47 | $121.56 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $275.01 | $126.35 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $277.86 | $127.14 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $259.88 | $123.41 |
| MississippiMississippi | $256.86 | $120.54 |
| MontanaMontana | $287.22 | $128.90 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $269.77 | $122.06 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $280.11 | $121.79 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $264.67 | $118.54 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $293.78 | $128.97 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $324.42 | $140.77 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $309.62 | $136.73 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $273.39 | $128.21 |
| NevadaNevada | $285.44 | $126.96 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $339.67 | $151.43 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $311.96 | $138.60 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $333.31 | $146.18 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $273.87 | $123.47 |
| OhioOhio | $270.29 | $125.74 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $263.59 | $122.21 |
| Portland, OROregon | $307.20 | $131.31 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $282.89 | $125.21 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $299.03 | $134.22 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $270.51 | $125.17 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $289.22 | $129.16 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $293.92 | $130.38 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $270.54 | $124.26 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $279.26 | $120.94 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $263.84 | $119.93 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $297.41 | $129.90 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $268.75 | $124.68 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $283.47 | $126.58 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $285.47 | $127.78 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $283.66 | $127.56 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $284.44 | $127.23 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $291.03 | $133.82 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $276.08 | $125.84 |
| UtahUtah | $274.26 | $125.44 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $280.38 | $124.75 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $289.22 | $129.16 |
| VermontVermont | $279.35 | $122.61 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $295.79 | $129.08 |
| King County, WAWashington | $333.51 | $139.25 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $270.69 | $119.02 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $266.75 | $129.17 |
| WyomingWyoming | $284.12 | $125.80 |
31573 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$253.77
$339.44
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $334.17 | 1 |
| AL | $257.52 | 1 |
| AR | $253.77 | 1 |
| AZ | $279.44 | 1 |
| CA | $301.84–$377.04 | 29 |
| CO | $298.11 | 1 |
| CT | $306.45 | 1 |
| DC | $327.78 | 1 |
| DE | $284.08 | 1 |
| FL | $284.67–$313.67 | 3 |
| GA | $268.38–$293.04 | 2 |
| GU | $309.05 | 1 |
| HI | $309.05 | 1 |
| IA | $263.33 | 1 |
| ID | $265.23 | 1 |
| IL | $276.96–$304.35 | 4 |
| IN | $266.75 | 1 |
| KS | $262.46 | 1 |
| KY | $264.46 | 1 |
| LA | $264.20–$277.32 | 2 |
| MA | $296.46–$327.21 | 2 |
| MD | $289.41–$327.78 | 3 |
| ME | $267.02–$281.05 | 2 |
| MI | $271.74–$288.63 | 2 |
| MN | $284.47 | 1 |
| MO | $259.88–$277.86 | 3 |
| MS | $256.86 | 1 |
| MT | $287.22 | 1 |
| NC | $269.77 | 1 |
| ND | $280.11 | 1 |
| NE | $264.67 | 1 |
| NH | $293.78 | 1 |
| NJ | $309.62–$324.42 | 2 |
| NM | $273.39 | 1 |
| NV | $285.44 | 1 |
| NY | $273.87–$339.67 | 5 |
| OH | $270.29 | 1 |
| OK | $263.59 | 1 |
| OR | $282.89–$307.20 | 2 |
| PA | $270.51–$299.03 | 2 |
| PR | $289.22 | 1 |
| RI | $293.92 | 1 |
| SC | $270.54 | 1 |
| SD | $279.26 | 1 |
| TN | $263.84 | 1 |
| TX | $268.75–$297.41 | 8 |
| UT | $274.26 | 1 |
| VA | $280.38–$327.78 | 2 |
| VI | $289.22 | 1 |
| VT | $279.35 | 1 |
| WA | $295.79–$333.51 | 2 |
| WI | $270.69 | 1 |
| WV | $266.75 | 1 |
| WY | $284.12 | 1 |
How the 31573 rate is calculated
Each of 31573’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31573
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.37
2.37 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense5.87
5.87 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.36
0.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
8.6000
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$287.25
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Miami, FL inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,606
- Code
- 31573
- Physician work
- 2.37
- Practice expense
- 5.87
- Malpractice
- 0.36
GPCI2026.csv
42
- Locality
- Miami, FL
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.041
- Malpractice
- 2.529
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.37 | × 1.000 | 2.3700 |
| Practice expense | 5.87 | × 1.041 | 6.1107 |
| Malpractice | 0.36 | × 2.529 | 0.9104 |
| Total RVUs | 9.3911 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Miami, FL$313.67
Office: (2.37 × 1 + 5.87 × 1.041 + 0.36 × 2.529) × $33.4009 = $313.67
Facility: (2.37 × 1 + 1.13 × 1.041 + 0.36 × 2.529) × $33.4009 = $148.86
Payment rules and modifiers for 31573
The CMS indicators that decide how 31573 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 31573
Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31573 without 50 · national office
$287.25
Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection
31573-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$430.88
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 31573 has changed in Miami, FL
31573 · Office / nonfacility
$313.67
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $14.75 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $298.92 to $313.67 (4.9%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$298.92changed to$313.67
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 2.43 changed to 2.37
- Practice expense RVU 5.78 changed to 5.87
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.36
- Practice expense GPCI 1.027 changed to 1.041
- Malpractice GPCI 2.500 changed to 2.529
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$310.69changed to$298.92
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 5.87 changed to 5.78
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$305.62changed to$310.69
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$317.34changed to$305.62
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 5.89 changed to 5.87
- Practice expense GPCI 1.025 changed to 1.027
- Malpractice GPCI 2.564 changed to 2.500
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$320.71changed to$317.34
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 5.81 changed to 5.89
- Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35
- Practice expense GPCI 1.023 changed to 1.025
- Malpractice GPCI 2.629 changed to 2.564
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$313.89changed to$320.71
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 5.57 changed to 5.81
- Malpractice RVU 0.33 changed to 0.34
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$305.43changed to$313.89
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 5.07 changed to 5.57
- Malpractice RVU 0.32 changed to 0.33
- Practice expense GPCI 1.026 changed to 1.023
- Malpractice GPCI 2.598 changed to 2.629
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$299.06changed to$305.43
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 4.83 changed to 5.07
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.32
- Practice expense GPCI 1.029 changed to 1.026
- Malpractice GPCI 2.566 changed to 2.598
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$292.99changed to$299.06
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 4.70 changed to 4.83
- Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$294.72changed to$292.99
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 4.75 changed to 4.70
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
- Practice expense GPCI 1.031 changed to 1.029
- Malpractice GPCI 2.528 changed to 2.566
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
No ratechanged to$294.72
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $313.67 | $148.86 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $313.67 | $148.86 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $313.67 | $148.86 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $313.67 | $148.86 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $298.92 | $163.05 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $298.92 | $163.05 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $298.92 | $163.05 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $298.92 | $163.05 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $310.69 | $167.11 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $310.69 | $167.11 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $310.69 | $167.11 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $310.69 | $167.11 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $305.62 | $164.38 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $317.34 | $170.07 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $317.34 | $170.07 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $317.34 | $170.07 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $317.34 | $170.07 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $320.71 | $170.61 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $320.71 | $170.61 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $320.71 | $170.61 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $320.71 | $170.61 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $313.89 | $169.68 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $313.89 | $169.68 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $313.89 | $169.68 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $313.89 | $169.68 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $305.43 | $172.13 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $305.43 | $172.13 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $305.43 | $172.13 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $305.43 | $172.13 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $299.06 | $175.20 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $299.06 | $175.20 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $299.06 | $175.20 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $299.06 | $175.20 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $292.99 | $173.34 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $292.99 | $173.34 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $292.99 | $173.34 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $292.99 | $173.34 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $294.72 | $175.21 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $294.72 | $175.21 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $294.72 | $175.21 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $294.72 | $175.21 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13AR |
Where the Miami, FL rate applies
Miami, FL is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 83 cities and communities in Florida. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Miami
- Aventura
- Bal Harbour
- Bay Harbor Islands
- Big Coppitt Key
- Big Pine Key
- Biscayne Gardens
- Biscayne Park
31573 billing questions
How does 31573 differ from 31574?
31573 is for therapeutic injection, such as botulinum toxin. Use 31574 when the injection is intended to augment vocal-fold volume.
How does 31573 differ from 31570 or 31571?
31573 uses a flexible laryngoscope. Codes 31570 and 31571 describe therapeutic vocal-cord injection performed through direct laryngoscopy.
Can diagnostic laryngoscopy be reported separately?
The flexible visualization needed to perform the therapeutic injection is part of 31573. A separate diagnostic scope service should not be reported for that same work.
How is a bilateral injection reported?
For a bilateral procedure, report modifier 50; CMS pays 150% under the rule for this code.
What documentation supports 31573?
Document the flexible approach, laryngeal injection site, therapeutic purpose, and medication used. For assistant-at-surgery payment, the record must establish medical necessity.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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