CPT code 31573: Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Connecticut

Reports flexible laryngoscopy used to deliver therapeutic injections to laryngeal structures, such as botulinum toxin for spasmodic dysphonia.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality3K Medicare services in 2024

In Connecticut, Medicare pays $306.45 for 31573 in the office and $135.94 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$306.45Office (non-facility)
$135.94Hospital or facility
+6.7%vs the national office rate ($287.25)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31573 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 31573 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Connecticut
  2. What 31573 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 31573 covers

An otolaryngologist or laryngologist passes a flexible scope to visualize the larynx and deliver one or more therapeutic injections. A common use is botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic dysphonia; medication may also be injected for another therapeutic purpose. The flexible approach distinguishes this service from injection performed during direct laryngoscopy. It is commonly performed in an office or procedural setting, with the record identifying the target and therapeutic agent.

Report the service when the flexible laryngoscopy and therapeutic injection are performed, not for diagnostic visualization alone or injection intended to augment vocal-fold volume. Document the approach, injection site, purpose, and medication. This minor procedure has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy-family pricing applies. For a bilateral procedure, modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Connecticut compares for 31573

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31573 runs from $253.77 in Arkansas to $377.04 in San Benito County, CA. Connecticut pays $306.45. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

31573 in Connecticut vs other payment areas
  1. Connecticut · this page$306.45
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$322.33+$15.88
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$327.78+$21.33
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$313.67+$7.22
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$304.35−$2.10
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$331.12+$24.67
  7. Alaska · Alaska$334.17+$27.72

Other areas in Connecticut first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

31573 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$257.52$118.99
ArkansasArkansas$253.77$117.77
ArizonaArizona$279.44$126.03
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$302.87$129.35
Chico, CACalifornia$301.84$128.32
El Centro, CACalifornia$301.90$128.38
Fresno, CACalifornia$301.84$128.32
Hanford, CACalifornia$301.84$128.32

31573 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$253.77

$339.44

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
31573 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$334.171
AL$257.521
AR$253.771
AZ$279.441
CA$301.84–$377.0429
CO$298.111
CT$306.451
DC$327.781
DE$284.081
FL$284.67–$313.673
GA$268.38–$293.042
GU$309.051
HI$309.051
IA$263.331
ID$265.231
IL$276.96–$304.354
IN$266.751
KS$262.461
KY$264.461
LA$264.20–$277.322
MA$296.46–$327.212
MD$289.41–$327.783
ME$267.02–$281.052
MI$271.74–$288.632
MN$284.471
MO$259.88–$277.863
MS$256.861
MT$287.221
NC$269.771
ND$280.111
NE$264.671
NH$293.781
NJ$309.62–$324.422
NM$273.391
NV$285.441
NY$273.87–$339.675
OH$270.291
OK$263.591
OR$282.89–$307.202
PA$270.51–$299.032
PR$289.221
RI$293.921
SC$270.541
SD$279.261
TN$263.841
TX$268.75–$297.418
UT$274.261
VA$280.38–$327.782
VI$289.221
VT$279.351
WA$295.79–$333.512
WI$270.691
WV$266.751
WY$284.121

See 31573 in every payment locality

How the 31573 rate is calculated

Each of 31573’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 31573

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work2.37

2.37 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense5.87

5.87 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.36

0.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

8.6000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$287.25

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Connecticut inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

3,606

Code
31573
Physician work
2.37
Practice expense
5.87
Malpractice
0.36

GPCI2026.csv

38

Locality
Connecticut
Physician work
1.020
Practice expense
1.077
Malpractice
1.210
Office calculation for 31573 in Connecticut
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work2.37× 1.0202.4174
Practice expense5.87× 1.0776.3220
Malpractice0.36× 1.2100.4356
Total RVUs9.1750
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Connecticut$306.45

Office: (2.37 × 1.02 + 5.87 × 1.077 + 0.36 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $306.45

Facility: (2.37 × 1.02 + 1.13 × 1.077 + 0.36 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $135.94

Open 31573 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 31573

The CMS indicators that decide how 31573 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 31573

Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

31573 without 50 · national office

$287.25

Laryngoscopy, therapeutic injection

31573-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$430.88

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 31573 has changed in Connecticut

31573 · Office / nonfacility

$306.45

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $8.48 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $297.97 to $306.45 (2.8%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $297.97changed to$306.45

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 2.43 changed to 2.37
    • Practice expense RVU 5.78 changed to 5.87
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.36
    • Work GPCI 1.022 changed to 1.020
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.091 changed to 1.077
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.207 changed to 1.210

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $309.91changed to$297.97

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 5.87 changed to 5.78

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $304.85changed to$309.91

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $317.46changed to$304.85

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 5.89 changed to 5.87
    • Work GPCI 1.030 changed to 1.022
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.091
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.070 changed to 1.207
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $322.18changed to$317.46

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 5.81 changed to 5.89
    • Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35
    • Work GPCI 1.037 changed to 1.030
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.114 changed to 1.102
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.934 changed to 1.070

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $315.19changed to$322.18

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 5.57 changed to 5.81
    • Malpractice RVU 0.33 changed to 0.34

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $306.53changed to$315.19

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 5.07 changed to 5.57
    • Malpractice RVU 0.32 changed to 0.33
    • Work GPCI 1.029 changed to 1.037
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.113 changed to 1.114
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.094 changed to 0.934

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $298.81changed to$306.53

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 4.83 changed to 5.07
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.32
    • Work GPCI 1.021 changed to 1.029
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.112 changed to 1.113
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.255 changed to 1.094

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $292.83changed to$298.81

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 4.70 changed to 4.83
    • Malpractice RVU 0.34 changed to 0.35

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $295.26changed to$292.83

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 4.75 changed to 4.70
    • Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
    • Work GPCI 1.023 changed to 1.021
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.117 changed to 1.112
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.244 changed to 1.255

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    No ratechanged to$295.26

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$306.45$135.94RVU26D
2026-07-01$306.45$135.94RVU26C
2026-04-01$306.45$135.94RVU26B
2026-01-01$306.45$135.94RVU26A
2025-10-01$297.97$153.64RVU25D
2025-07-01$297.97$153.64RVU25C
2025-04-01$297.97$153.64RVU25B
2025-01-01$297.97$153.64RVU25A
2024-10-01$309.91$157.38RVU24D
2024-07-01$309.91$157.38RVU24C
2024-04-01$309.91$157.38RVU24B
2024-03-09$309.91$157.38RVU24AR
2024-01-01$304.85$154.81RVU24A
2023-10-01$317.46$159.12RVU23D
2023-07-01$317.46$159.12RVU23C
2023-04-01$317.46$159.12RVU23B
2023-01-01$317.46$159.12RVU23A
2022-10-01$322.18$158.72RVU22D
2022-07-01$322.18$158.72RVU22C
2022-04-01$322.18$158.72RVU22B
2022-01-01$322.18$158.72RVU22A
2021-10-01$315.19$158.15RVU21D
2021-07-01$315.19$158.15RVU21C
2021-04-01$315.19$158.15RVU21B
2021-01-01$315.19$158.15RVU21A
2020-10-01$306.53$161.92RVU20D
2020-07-01$306.53$161.92RVU20C
2020-04-01$306.53$161.92RVU20B
2020-01-01$306.53$161.92RVU20A
2019-10-01$298.81$164.96RVU19D
2019-07-01$298.81$164.96RVU19C
2019-04-01$298.81$164.96RVU19B
2019-01-01$298.81$164.96RVU19A
2018-10-01$292.83$163.52RVU18D
2018-07-01$292.83$163.52RVU18C
2018-04-01$292.83$163.52RVU18B
2018-01-01$292.83$163.52RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$295.26$165.77RVU17D
2017-07-01$295.26$165.77RVU17C
2017-04-01$295.26$165.77RVU17B
2017-01-01$295.26$165.77RVU17A
2016-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16D
2016-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16C
2016-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16B
2016-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16A
2015-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15D
2015-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15C
2015-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15B
2015-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15A
2014-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14D
2014-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14C
2014-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14B
2014-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14A
2013-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13D
2013-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13C
2013-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13B
2013-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13AR

Price 31573 for an earlier date of service

Where the Connecticut rate applies

Connecticut is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 215 cities and communities in Connecticut. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ansonia
  • Ball Pond
  • Baltic
  • Bantam
  • Bethel
  • Bethlehem Village
  • Bigelow Corners
  • Blue Hills

Browse all communities in Connecticut

31573 billing questions

How does 31573 differ from 31574?

31573 is for therapeutic injection, such as botulinum toxin. Use 31574 when the injection is intended to augment vocal-fold volume.

How does 31573 differ from 31570 or 31571?

31573 uses a flexible laryngoscope. Codes 31570 and 31571 describe therapeutic vocal-cord injection performed through direct laryngoscopy.

Can diagnostic laryngoscopy be reported separately?

The flexible visualization needed to perform the therapeutic injection is part of 31573. A separate diagnostic scope service should not be reported for that same work.

How is a bilateral injection reported?

For a bilateral procedure, report modifier 50; CMS pays 150% under the rule for this code.

What documentation supports 31573?

Document the flexible approach, laryngeal injection site, therapeutic purpose, and medication used. For assistant-at-surgery payment, the record must establish medical necessity.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 31573PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 3,606 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for ConnecticutGPCI2026.csv, line 38 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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