CPT code 31614: Stoma revision, complex established-stoma revision2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana
Reported for complex surgical reconstruction of an established tracheostoma, such as when significant scarring, narrowing, or deformity requires more than simple revision.
In Montana, Medicare pays $642.22 for 31614 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31614 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 31614 covers
An otolaryngologist or other airway surgeon revises an established tracheostoma when its shape, position, or surrounding tissue makes the opening difficult to maintain or use. Examples include substantial scar contracture or stomal narrowing. The operation may involve extensive release and reconstruction of the opening and surrounding tissues, typically in an operating-room setting. This is repair of an existing stoma, not creation of a new tracheostomy.
Select the complex revision rather than the simple revision based on the documented operative work and extent of reconstruction; the diagnosis alone does not establish complexity. The operative report should describe the stomal problem, tissue changes, and reconstructive steps. Medicare assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are paid at 50%. Assistant-at-surgery services are not paid, and co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Montana compares for 31614
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 31614 runs from $577.21 in Arkansas to $795.71 in San Benito County, CA. Montana pays $642.22. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Montana · this page$642.22
- Los Angeles, CA · California$698.63+$56.41
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$719.13+$76.91
- Miami, FL · Florida$718.25+$76.03
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$699.07+$56.85
- Manhattan, NY · New York$736.24+$94.02
- Alaska · Alaska$785.12+$142.90
Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $584.43 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $577.21 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $626.45 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $662.32 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $658.97 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $741.64 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $692.97 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $672.07 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $685.56 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $682.87 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $694.69 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $778.09 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $776.69 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $795.71 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $790.00 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $672.54 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $698.00 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $684.27 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $704.70 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $739.63 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $658.76 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $657.17 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $681.21 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $635.71 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $679.66 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $648.87 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $656.52 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $615.59 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $668.89 |
| IowaIowa | — | $590.30 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $595.02 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $658.33 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $637.56 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $684.63 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $597.80 |
| KansasKansas | — | $591.17 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $603.25 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $628.99 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $603.74 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $711.44 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $655.43 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $679.91 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $645.58 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $601.14 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $624.26 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $659.27 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $619.73 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $622.67 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $621.82 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $627.01 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $597.03 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $587.05 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $606.01 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $617.90 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $592.08 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $650.30 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $714.04 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $686.99 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $623.97 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $635.76 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $756.02 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $694.00 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $736.73 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $614.08 |
| OhioOhio | — | $614.76 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $598.86 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $671.83 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $628.82 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $668.42 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $613.77 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $645.21 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $653.77 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $611.79 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $615.02 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $594.13 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $656.76 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $610.55 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $632.63 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $637.71 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $635.04 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $635.24 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $657.75 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $621.98 |
| UtahUtah | — | $618.89 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $624.78 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $645.21 |
| VermontVermont | — | $618.80 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $653.11 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $721.54 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $600.42 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $618.04 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $631.62 |
31614 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 31614 rate is calculated
Each of 31614’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31614
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work8.41
8.41 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense9.59
9.59 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice1.23
1.23 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
19.2300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$642.30
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,629
- Code
- 31614
- Physician work
- 8.41
- Practice expense
- 9.59
- Malpractice
- 1.23
GPCI2026.csv
71
- Locality
- Montana
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.998
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 8.41 | × 1.000 | 8.4100 |
| Practice expense | 9.59 | × 1.000 | 9.5900 |
| Malpractice | 1.23 | × 0.998 | 1.2275 |
| Total RVUs | 19.2275 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Montana$642.22
Facility: (8.41 × 1 + 9.59 × 1 + 1.23 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $642.22
Payment rules and modifiers for 31614
31614 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 31614
Stoma revision, complex established-stoma revision
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.10/0.76/0.14 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 31614
Stoma revision, complex established-stoma revision
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31614 without 51 · national facility
$642.30
Stoma revision, complex established-stoma revision
31614-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$321.15
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 31614 has changed in Montana
31614 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $642.22 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $642.22 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $642.22 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $642.22 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $691.28 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $691.28 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $691.28 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $691.28 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $714.05 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $714.05 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $714.05 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $714.05 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $702.39 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $728.63 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $728.63 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $728.63 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $728.63 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $736.09 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $736.09 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $736.09 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $736.09 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $747.10 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $747.10 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $747.10 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $747.10 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $762.21 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $762.21 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $762.21 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $762.21 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.32 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.32 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.32 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.32 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $794.39 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $794.39 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $794.39 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $794.39 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $792.70 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $792.70 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $792.70 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $792.70 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.71 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.71 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.71 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $788.71 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $790.12 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $790.12 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $786.19 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $786.19 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $783.32 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $783.32 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $783.32 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $783.32 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $785.98 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $785.98 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $785.98 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $785.98 | RVU13AR |
Where the Montana rate applies
Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Absarokee
- Acton
- Alberton
- Alder
- Alzada
- Amsterdam
- Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
- Antelope
31614 billing questions
How do I distinguish this from 31613?
Use 31614 when the documented revision is complex and requires more extensive reconstruction; use 31613 for a simple revision. The operative report should support the level of work.
Is this used to create a new tracheostomy?
No. It revises an established tracheostoma. A procedure that creates a new tracheostomy is a different service, such as 31600 when appropriate.
Are related postoperative visits separately reported?
The 90-day global period includes related postoperative care, as well as the day-before preoperative visit.
How are other procedures in the same session paid?
Under the standard multiple-procedure reduction, Medicare pays the highest-valued procedure in full and other procedures at 50%.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be billed?
Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code. Co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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