CPT code 31623: Bronchoscopy, brush cytology2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Reports bronchoscopic collection of airway cells with a brush for cytologic evaluation, such as sampling a suspicious endobronchial area.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $297.62 for 31623 in the office and $113.92 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 31623 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 31623 covers
A pulmonologist or other qualified proceduralist advances a flexible or rigid bronchoscope into the airways and brushes a selected area to collect cells for cytology. The technique may be used when an airway abnormality, including a suspicious lesion, needs cellular evaluation. The brush specimen is distinct from tissue removed with biopsy forceps or fluid collected by washing or lavage.
Report 31623 when brushing is performed, and document the indication, sampled airway location, and collection method in the procedure record. CMS assigns this minor procedure a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 31623
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 31623 runs from $269.53 in Arkansas to $401.20 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $297.62. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$297.62
- Los Angeles, CA · California$342.08+$44.46
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$345.75+$48.13
- Miami, FL · Florida$323.79+$26.17
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$314.97+$17.35
- Manhattan, NY · New York$347.04+$49.42
- Alaska · Alaska$355.71+$58.09
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $273.29 | $112.55 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $269.53 | $111.73 |
| ArizonaArizona | $295.30 | $117.29 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $321.54 | $120.20 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $320.82 | $119.48 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $370.99 | $128.86 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $340.43 | $123.29 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $323.41 | $122.07 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $336.44 | $122.79 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $335.18 | $122.26 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $342.89 | $123.18 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $392.60 | $133.57 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $392.32 | $133.30 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $401.20 | $136.30 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $400.08 | $135.18 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $329.79 | $120.55 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $346.05 | $122.85 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $336.39 | $122.19 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $349.54 | $123.95 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $370.59 | $128.47 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $320.78 | $119.44 |
| ColoradoColorado | $315.62 | $120.16 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $322.47 | $124.62 |
| DelawareDelaware | $300.05 | $118.55 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $312.15 | $126.05 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $297.76 | $122.14 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $308.16 | $121.52 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $281.87 | $118.00 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $328.26 | $119.39 |
| IowaIowa | $280.31 | $112.22 |
| IdahoIdaho | $281.97 | $112.96 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $294.32 | $125.31 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $289.24 | $121.52 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $315.39 | $126.72 |
| IndianaIndiana | $283.54 | $113.24 |
| KansasKansas | $278.87 | $112.80 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $279.02 | $115.71 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $291.68 | $118.81 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $278.53 | $115.95 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $346.20 | $126.85 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $313.79 | $120.35 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $321.50 | $124.39 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $305.66 | $119.75 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $283.16 | $114.15 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $298.10 | $116.05 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $301.12 | $123.84 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $285.76 | $118.04 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $303.38 | $114.34 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $289.99 | $117.49 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $292.91 | $118.02 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $273.84 | $115.48 |
| MississippiMississippi | $271.74 | $113.57 |
| MontanaMontana | $302.93 | $119.23 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $286.02 | $114.62 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $298.18 | $114.48 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $281.83 | $112.27 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $310.53 | $119.29 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $342.39 | $129.29 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $326.41 | $125.81 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $287.18 | $118.72 |
| NevadaNevada | $301.82 | $117.93 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $354.87 | $136.44 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $328.37 | $127.22 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $350.08 | $132.94 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $290.09 | $115.57 |
| OhioOhio | $284.79 | $117.07 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $278.75 | $114.70 |
| Portland, OROregon | $325.51 | $121.41 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $299.73 | $116.76 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $314.62 | $123.38 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $285.33 | $116.69 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $305.13 | $119.40 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $310.62 | $120.85 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $285.83 | $116.08 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $280.18 | $113.19 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $314.35 | $119.99 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $283.53 | $116.36 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $299.98 | $117.93 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $301.74 | $118.77 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $299.75 | $118.62 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $300.79 | $118.37 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $305.18 | $122.76 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $291.49 | $117.15 |
| UtahUtah | $289.56 | $116.88 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $297.03 | $116.45 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $305.13 | $119.40 |
| VermontVermont | $296.89 | $115.02 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $313.24 | $119.80 |
| King County, WAWashington | $353.29 | $127.89 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $288.60 | $112.61 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $278.97 | $119.33 |
| WyomingWyoming | $300.86 | $117.16 |
31623 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$269.53
$360.99
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $355.71 | 1 |
| AL | $273.29 | 1 |
| AR | $269.53 | 1 |
| AZ | $295.30 | 1 |
| CA | $320.78–$401.20 | 29 |
| CO | $315.62 | 1 |
| CT | $322.47 | 1 |
| DC | $345.75 | 1 |
| DE | $300.05 | 1 |
| FL | $297.76–$323.79 | 3 |
| GA | $281.87–$308.16 | 2 |
| GU | $328.26 | 1 |
| HI | $328.26 | 1 |
| IA | $280.31 | 1 |
| ID | $281.97 | 1 |
| IL | $289.24–$315.39 | 4 |
| IN | $283.54 | 1 |
| KS | $278.87 | 1 |
| KY | $279.02 | 1 |
| LA | $278.53–$291.68 | 2 |
| MA | $313.79–$346.20 | 2 |
| MD | $305.66–$345.75 | 3 |
| ME | $283.16–$298.10 | 2 |
| MI | $285.76–$301.12 | 2 |
| MN | $303.38 | 1 |
| MO | $273.84–$292.91 | 3 |
| MS | $271.74 | 1 |
| MT | $302.93 | 1 |
| NC | $286.02 | 1 |
| ND | $298.18 | 1 |
| NE | $281.83 | 1 |
| NH | $310.53 | 1 |
| NJ | $326.41–$342.39 | 2 |
| NM | $287.18 | 1 |
| NV | $301.82 | 1 |
| NY | $290.09–$354.87 | 5 |
| OH | $284.79 | 1 |
| OK | $278.75 | 1 |
| OR | $299.73–$325.51 | 2 |
| PA | $285.33–$314.62 | 2 |
| PR | $305.13 | 1 |
| RI | $310.62 | 1 |
| SC | $285.83 | 1 |
| SD | $297.62 | 1 |
| TN | $280.18 | 1 |
| TX | $283.53–$314.35 | 8 |
| UT | $289.56 | 1 |
| VA | $297.03–$345.75 | 2 |
| VI | $305.13 | 1 |
| VT | $296.89 | 1 |
| WA | $313.24–$353.29 | 2 |
| WI | $288.60 | 1 |
| WV | $278.97 | 1 |
| WY | $300.86 | 1 |
How the 31623 rate is calculated
Each of 31623’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 31623
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.56
2.56 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense6.27
6.27 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.24
0.24 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
9.0700
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$302.95
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,632
- Code
- 31623
- Physician work
- 2.56
- Practice expense
- 6.27
- Malpractice
- 0.24
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.56 | × 1.000 | 2.5600 |
| Practice expense | 6.27 | × 1.000 | 6.2700 |
| Malpractice | 0.24 | × 0.336 | 0.0806 |
| Total RVUs | 8.9106 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$297.62
Office: (2.56 × 1 + 6.27 × 1 + 0.24 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $297.62
Facility: (2.56 × 1 + 0.77 × 1 + 0.24 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $113.92
Payment rules and modifiers for 31623
The CMS indicators that decide how 31623 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 31623
Bronchoscopy, brush cytology
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
31623 without 51 · national office
$302.95
Bronchoscopy, brush cytology
31623-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$151.48
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 31623 has changed in South Dakota
31623 · Office / nonfacility
$297.62
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $37.62 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $260.00 to $297.62 (14.5%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$260.00changed to$297.62
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 2.63 changed to 2.56
- Practice expense RVU 5.32 changed to 6.27
- Malpractice RVU 0.23 changed to 0.24
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$268.56changed to$260.00
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 5.35 changed to 5.32
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$264.18changed to$268.56
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$272.46changed to$264.18
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 5.33 changed to 5.35
- Malpractice RVU 0.22 changed to 0.23
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$283.30changed to$272.46
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 5.48 changed to 5.33
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$281.34changed to$283.30
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 5.36 changed to 5.48
- Malpractice RVU 0.21 changed to 0.22
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$271.43changed to$281.34
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 4.81 changed to 5.36
- Malpractice RVU 0.22 changed to 0.21
- Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$265.81changed to$271.43
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 4.66 changed to 4.81
- Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$274.16changed to$265.81
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 4.90 changed to 4.66
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$271.57changed to$274.16
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 4.85 changed to 4.90
- Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$332.26changed to$271.57
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Work RVU 2.88 changed to 2.63
- Practice expense RVU 6.30 changed to 4.85
- Malpractice RVU 0.25 changed to 0.22
- Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$333.25changed to$332.26
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 6.29 changed to 6.30
- Malpractice RVU 0.26 changed to 0.25
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$331.59changed to$333.25
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$329.35changed to$331.59
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 6.21 changed to 6.29
- Malpractice RVU 0.25 changed to 0.26
- Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$340.65changed to$329.35
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 7.02 changed to 6.21
- Malpractice RVU 0.26 changed to 0.25
- Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $340.65
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $297.62 | $113.92 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $297.62 | $113.92 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $297.62 | $113.92 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $297.62 | $113.92 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $260.00 | $120.91 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $260.00 | $120.91 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $260.00 | $120.91 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $260.00 | $120.91 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $268.56 | $124.09 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $268.56 | $124.09 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $268.56 | $124.09 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $268.56 | $124.09 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $264.18 | $122.07 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $272.46 | $125.39 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $272.46 | $125.39 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $272.46 | $125.39 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $272.46 | $125.39 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $283.30 | $128.95 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $283.30 | $128.95 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $283.30 | $128.95 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $283.30 | $128.95 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $281.34 | $129.55 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $281.34 | $129.55 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $281.34 | $129.55 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $281.34 | $129.55 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $271.43 | $132.84 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $271.43 | $132.84 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $271.43 | $132.84 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $271.43 | $132.84 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $265.81 | $132.46 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $265.81 | $132.46 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $265.81 | $132.46 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $265.81 | $132.46 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $274.16 | $134.12 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $274.16 | $134.12 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $274.16 | $134.12 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $274.16 | $134.12 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $271.57 | $134.11 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $271.57 | $134.11 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $271.57 | $134.11 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $271.57 | $134.11 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $332.26 | $145.72 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $332.26 | $145.72 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $332.26 | $145.72 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $332.26 | $145.72 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $333.25 | $146.39 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $333.25 | $146.39 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $331.59 | $145.66 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $331.59 | $145.66 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $329.35 | $146.30 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $329.35 | $146.30 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $329.35 | $146.30 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $329.35 | $146.30 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $340.65 | $143.66 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $340.65 | $143.66 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $340.65 | $143.66 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $340.65 | $143.66 | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
31623 billing questions
How is brushing different from bronchial washing or lavage?
31623 represents cell collection with a brush. Washing and lavage collect fluid specimens and are represented by 31622 and 31624, respectively.
When should 31625 be considered instead?
Use 31625 when tissue is sampled with biopsy forceps. Brushing collects cells for cytology rather than a tissue specimen.
Can brushing be reported with another bronchoscopy procedure?
The procedure report should identify each technique performed and the sampled site. CMS applies endoscopy family pricing when related endoscopies are performed together.
Should modifier 50 be appended for brushing in both lungs?
No. The CMS bilateral adjustment does not apply to 31623, and modifier 50 is inappropriate.
How does the 0-day global period affect same-day care?
Same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included in the procedure's 0-day global period.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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