CPT code 32408: Core biopsy, lung or mediastinum2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Reports a percutaneous core-needle biopsy of a lung or mediastinal target, with imaging guidance included when performed.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $796.75 for 32408 in the office and $123.06 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 32408 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 32408 covers
A physician, commonly a radiologist or interventional radiologist, passes a core needle through the chest wall to obtain tissue from a lung lesion or mediastinal target. The procedure is commonly performed in a hospital or outpatient imaging setting, often with CT or other imaging used to guide needle placement. Imaging guidance is included in the biopsy service when performed; this code distinguishes a percutaneous core-tissue sample from a bronchoscopic biopsy or a biopsy of the pleura.
Select the code when the documented approach is percutaneous and the specimen is obtained with a core needle from lung or mediastinum. The record should identify the target, approach, and tissue sampling performed; note imaging guidance when used. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. When other procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Assistant-at-surgery payment is statutorily restricted, and co-surgeon and team-surgery reporting are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 32408
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 32408 runs from $701.58 in Arkansas to $1,115.13 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $796.75. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$796.75
- Los Angeles, CA · California$930.88+$134.13
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$933.88+$137.13
- Miami, FL · Florida$849.92+$53.17
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$823.17+$26.42
- Manhattan, NY · New York$929.26+$132.51
- Alaska · Alaska$895.78+$99.03
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $713.19 | $123.71 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $701.58 | $122.88 |
| ArizonaArizona | $781.29 | $128.48 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $868.00 | $129.63 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $867.02 | $128.65 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $1,024.46 | $136.53 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $928.38 | $132.07 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $870.67 | $132.30 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $915.12 | $131.61 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $911.85 | $131.03 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $937.32 | $131.58 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $1,090.64 | $140.73 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $1,090.25 | $140.34 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $1,115.13 | $143.66 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $1,113.55 | $142.08 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $896.61 | $129.27 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $949.42 | $130.88 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $916.36 | $130.83 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $959.31 | $132.01 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $1,023.90 | $135.97 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $866.97 | $128.60 |
| ColoradoColorado | $847.17 | $130.36 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $861.83 | $136.26 |
| DelawareDelaware | $795.39 | $129.78 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $822.43 | $139.98 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $779.67 | $135.62 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $817.92 | $133.44 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $732.02 | $131.08 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $893.96 | $127.97 |
| IowaIowa | $738.85 | $122.42 |
| IdahoIdaho | $743.16 | $123.36 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $760.66 | $140.86 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $750.71 | $135.63 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $832.40 | $140.51 |
| IndianaIndiana | $748.13 | $123.61 |
| KansasKansas | $732.48 | $123.46 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $726.81 | $127.89 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $765.16 | $131.22 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $724.54 | $128.32 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $941.03 | $136.64 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $840.18 | $130.78 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $858.97 | $136.09 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $812.67 | $130.89 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $744.85 | $125.05 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $793.90 | $126.27 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $787.96 | $137.84 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $745.78 | $130.70 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $816.29 | $123.06 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $761.98 | $129.38 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $771.23 | $129.87 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $708.86 | $128.14 |
| MississippiMississippi | $705.50 | $125.45 |
| MontanaMontana | $804.27 | $130.57 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $754.00 | $125.45 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $797.55 | $123.85 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $744.15 | $122.33 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $831.14 | $129.82 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $921.89 | $140.40 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $872.96 | $137.29 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $749.36 | $131.58 |
| NevadaNevada | $803.09 | $128.72 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $950.95 | $149.92 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $876.83 | $139.13 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $941.41 | $145.10 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $766.45 | $126.44 |
| OhioOhio | $744.41 | $129.32 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $728.00 | $126.39 |
| Portland, OROregon | $879.57 | $131.09 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $798.16 | $127.16 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $836.61 | $135.30 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $747.14 | $128.69 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $811.71 | $130.60 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $827.78 | $131.86 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $750.20 | $127.70 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $736.30 | $123.91 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $843.19 | $130.42 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $741.44 | $128.38 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $796.42 | $128.79 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $800.86 | $129.85 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $794.11 | $129.84 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $798.34 | $129.36 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $804.57 | $135.59 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $768.03 | $128.70 |
| UtahUtah | $761.77 | $128.50 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $789.24 | $126.99 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $811.71 | $130.60 |
| VermontVermont | $791.79 | $124.83 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $839.46 | $130.06 |
| King County, WAWashington | $963.89 | $137.26 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $767.48 | $122.08 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $718.88 | $133.44 |
| WyomingWyoming | $801.34 | $127.64 |
32408 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$701.58
$991.05
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $895.78 | 1 |
| AL | $713.19 | 1 |
| AR | $701.58 | 1 |
| AZ | $781.29 | 1 |
| CA | $866.97–$1,115.13 | 29 |
| CO | $847.17 | 1 |
| CT | $861.83 | 1 |
| DC | $933.88 | 1 |
| DE | $795.39 | 1 |
| FL | $779.67–$849.92 | 3 |
| GA | $732.02–$817.92 | 2 |
| GU | $893.96 | 1 |
| HI | $893.96 | 1 |
| IA | $738.85 | 1 |
| ID | $743.16 | 1 |
| IL | $750.71–$832.40 | 4 |
| IN | $748.13 | 1 |
| KS | $732.48 | 1 |
| KY | $726.81 | 1 |
| LA | $724.54–$765.16 | 2 |
| MA | $840.18–$941.03 | 2 |
| MD | $812.67–$933.88 | 3 |
| ME | $744.85–$793.90 | 2 |
| MI | $745.78–$787.96 | 2 |
| MN | $816.29 | 1 |
| MO | $708.86–$771.23 | 3 |
| MS | $705.50 | 1 |
| MT | $804.27 | 1 |
| NC | $754.00 | 1 |
| ND | $797.55 | 1 |
| NE | $744.15 | 1 |
| NH | $831.14 | 1 |
| NJ | $872.96–$921.89 | 2 |
| NM | $749.36 | 1 |
| NV | $803.09 | 1 |
| NY | $766.45–$950.95 | 5 |
| OH | $744.41 | 1 |
| OK | $728.00 | 1 |
| OR | $798.16–$879.57 | 2 |
| PA | $747.14–$836.61 | 2 |
| PR | $811.71 | 1 |
| RI | $827.78 | 1 |
| SC | $750.20 | 1 |
| SD | $796.75 | 1 |
| TN | $736.30 | 1 |
| TX | $741.44–$843.19 | 8 |
| UT | $761.77 | 1 |
| VA | $789.24–$933.88 | 2 |
| VI | $811.71 | 1 |
| VT | $791.79 | 1 |
| WA | $839.46–$963.89 | 2 |
| WI | $767.48 | 1 |
| WV | $718.88 | 1 |
| WY | $801.34 | 1 |
How the 32408 rate is calculated
Each of 32408’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 32408
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work3.10
3.10 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense20.64
20.64 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.34
0.34 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
24.0800
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$804.29
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,711
- Code
- 32408
- Physician work
- 3.10
- Practice expense
- 20.64
- Malpractice
- 0.34
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 3.10 | × 1.000 | 3.1000 |
| Practice expense | 20.64 | × 1.000 | 20.6400 |
| Malpractice | 0.34 | × 0.336 | 0.1142 |
| Total RVUs | 23.8542 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$796.75
Office: (3.1 × 1 + 20.64 × 1 + 0.34 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $796.75
Facility: (3.1 × 1 + 0.47 × 1 + 0.34 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $123.06
Payment rules and modifiers for 32408
The CMS indicators that decide how 32408 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 32408
Core biopsy, lung or mediastinum
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
32408 without 51 · national office
$804.29
Core biopsy, lung or mediastinum
32408-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$402.15
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 32408 has changed in South Dakota
32408 · Office / nonfacility
$796.75
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $10.26 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $786.49 to $796.75 (1.3%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$786.49changed to$796.75
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 3.18 changed to 3.10
- Practice expense RVU 21.02 changed to 20.64
- Malpractice RVU 0.30 changed to 0.34
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$831.60changed to$786.49
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 21.68 changed to 21.02
- Malpractice RVU 0.32 changed to 0.30
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$818.02changed to$831.60
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$872.23changed to$818.02
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 22.45 changed to 21.68
- Malpractice RVU 0.30 changed to 0.32
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$911.66changed to$872.23
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 23.07 changed to 22.45
- Malpractice RVU 0.27 changed to 0.30
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$960.96changed to$911.66
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 24.27 changed to 23.07
- Malpractice RVU 0.26 changed to 0.27
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
No ratechanged to$960.96
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D, RVU17A, RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D, RVU18AR1, RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D, RVU19A, RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D, RVU20A, RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $796.75 | $123.06 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $796.75 | $123.06 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $796.75 | $123.06 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $796.75 | $123.06 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $786.49 | $138.59 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $786.49 | $138.59 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $786.49 | $138.59 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $786.49 | $138.59 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $831.60 | $141.88 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $831.60 | $141.88 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $831.60 | $141.88 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $831.60 | $141.88 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $818.02 | $139.56 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $872.23 | $145.01 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $872.23 | $145.01 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $872.23 | $145.01 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $872.23 | $145.01 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $911.66 | $147.90 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $911.66 | $147.90 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $911.66 | $147.90 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $911.66 | $147.90 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $960.96 | $149.00 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $960.96 | $149.00 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $960.96 | $149.00 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $960.96 | $149.00 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not in this release | Not in this release | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
32408 billing questions
Does this code include imaging guidance?
Yes. Imaging guidance is included when performed to guide the percutaneous core biopsy, so do not separately report guidance for that biopsy service.
How does this differ from a pleural biopsy?
Use this code for a percutaneous core sample of lung or mediastinum. Code 32400 describes a needle biopsy of the chest lining, or pleura.
Can this be reported with a bronchoscopic biopsy code?
The approach distinguishes the services: this code is for a percutaneous chest-wall route, while codes such as 31628 or 31629 describe bronchoscopic sampling. If multiple procedures are performed in one session, the standard multiple-procedure reduction applies.
What should the procedure note document?
Document the lung or mediastinal target, the percutaneous route, and that a core tissue sample was obtained. Record imaging guidance when it was used.
Can modifier 50 or an assistant-at-surgery claim be used?
Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Assistant-at-surgery payment is statutorily restricted; co-surgeon and team-surgery reporting are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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