CPT code 33228: Pacemaker generator exchange, dual-lead system2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Vermont
Report this service when a physician removes and replaces the pulse generator of an existing permanent pacemaker with a dual-lead configuration.
In Vermont, Medicare pays $293.26 for 33228 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 33228 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 33228 covers
The physician removes a depleted or malfunctioning pulse generator from an existing permanent pacemaker system and connects a replacement while retaining the dual-lead configuration. A cardiologist or electrophysiologist typically performs the procedure in a cardiac catheterization or electrophysiology lab when the generator reaches battery end of service or needs replacement for another documented reason.
Select this code based on the existing system’s dual-lead configuration and an actual generator exchange, not on the number of leads newly implanted. The operative report should identify the existing system, generator removal and replacement, and lead configuration; generator removal is included in the exchange. CMS assigns a 90-day major-surgery global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. In a same-session multiple-procedure claim, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures at 50%. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Vermont compares for 33228
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 33228 runs from $281.48 in Arkansas to $391.99 in Alaska. Vermont pays $293.26. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Vermont · this page$293.26
- Los Angeles, CA · California$325.30+$32.04
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$346.37+$53.11
- Miami, FL · Florida$384.48+$91.22
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$372.39+$79.13
- Manhattan, NY · New York$366.90+$73.64
- Alaska · Alaska$391.99+$98.73
Other areas in Vermont first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $285.14 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $281.48 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $306.27 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $310.92 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $307.65 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $335.12 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $321.12 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $321.17 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $317.07 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $315.80 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $319.31 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $347.32 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $345.86 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $356.28 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $350.33 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $311.43 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $319.20 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $315.91 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $322.03 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $333.02 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $307.44 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $314.04 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $335.03 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $310.77 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $351.06 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $332.72 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $325.92 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $313.48 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $310.03 |
| IowaIowa | — | $281.63 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $285.35 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $351.23 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $331.30 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $352.07 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $286.55 |
| KansasKansas | — | $285.18 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $301.36 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $315.64 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $302.83 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $335.98 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $314.42 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $335.09 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $314.71 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $291.72 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $298.69 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $341.38 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $312.74 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $287.90 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $308.66 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $310.93 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $301.38 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $291.24 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $315.22 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $293.65 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $289.91 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $281.56 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $313.77 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $344.39 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $335.18 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $316.19 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $308.26 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $380.99 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $341.19 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $362.60 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $297.96 |
| OhioOhio | — | $307.57 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $295.84 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $317.54 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $302.24 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $330.60 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $305.34 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $315.68 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $317.17 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $301.83 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $286.92 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $287.06 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $316.18 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $303.91 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $306.50 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $310.48 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $310.11 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $308.74 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $332.17 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $306.42 |
| UtahUtah | — | $305.37 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $301.16 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $315.68 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $312.34 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $337.54 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $281.82 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $321.57 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $304.19 |
33228 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 33228 rate is calculated
Each of 33228’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 33228
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work5.38
5.38 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.78
2.78 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice1.28
1.28 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
9.4400
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$315.30
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Vermont inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
3,857
- Code
- 33228
- Physician work
- 5.38
- Practice expense
- 2.78
- Malpractice
- 1.28
GPCI2026.csv
105
- Locality
- Vermont
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.990
- Malpractice
- 0.506
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 5.38 | × 1.000 | 5.3800 |
| Practice expense | 2.78 | × 0.990 | 2.7522 |
| Malpractice | 1.28 | × 0.506 | 0.6477 |
| Total RVUs | 8.7799 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Vermont$293.26
Facility: (5.38 × 1 + 2.78 × 0.99 + 1.28 × 0.506) × $33.4009 = $293.26
Payment rules and modifiers for 33228
33228 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 33228
Pacemaker generator exchange, dual-lead system
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.09/0.84/0.07 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 33228
Pacemaker generator exchange, dual-lead system
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
33228 without 51 · national facility
$315.30
Pacemaker generator exchange, dual-lead system
33228-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$157.65
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 33228 has changed in Vermont
33228 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $293.26 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $293.26 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $293.26 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $293.26 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $319.79 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $319.79 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $319.79 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $319.79 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $327.44 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $327.44 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $327.44 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $327.44 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $322.10 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $336.02 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $336.02 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $336.02 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $336.02 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.44 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.44 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.44 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.44 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.96 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.96 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.96 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $345.96 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.31 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.31 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.31 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.31 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.10 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.10 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.10 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $353.10 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.93 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.93 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.93 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.93 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.28 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.28 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.28 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $352.28 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $364.77 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $364.77 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $364.77 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $364.77 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $365.23 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $365.23 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $363.42 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $363.42 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $358.26 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $358.26 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $358.26 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $358.26 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Vermont rate applies
Vermont is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 180 cities and communities in Vermont. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Albany
- Alburgh
- Algiers
- Arlington
- Ascutney
- Bakersfield
- Barnet
- Barre
33228 billing questions
How does 33228 differ from the single- and multiple-lead exchange codes?
33228 is for exchange of a generator in an existing dual-lead system. Use 33227 for a single-lead system and 33229 for a system with multiple leads.
Can the generator removal be reported separately?
No. Removal of the existing generator is part of the exchange reported with 33228.
What documentation supports 33228?
The operative report should establish that the existing pacemaker generator was removed and replaced and identify the system as dual-lead.
Is 33228 used for a new dual-lead pacemaker implant?
No. It describes exchange of a generator in an existing system. Code 33230 describes insertion of a pulse generator with dual leads.
What Medicare surgical payment rules affect this service?
It has a 90-day global period, and same-session multiple procedures are subject to the standard reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery, and co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
Fee sheets
Put 33228 and the rest of your codes on one sheet
Your codes at your locality, with payer contracts beside Medicare.
Build my fee sheet