CPT code 33988: Left heart vent, insertion2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana

Reports surgical placement of a left heart vent to decompress the left-sided chambers during cardiac surgery, typically while the patient is on cardiopulmonary bypass.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality32 Medicare services in 2024

In Montana, Medicare pays $710.54 for 33988 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$710.54Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 33988 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 33988 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Montana
  2. What 33988 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 33988 covers

A left heart vent temporarily drains blood from the left side of the heart to help prevent chamber distention during cardiac surgery. A cardiothoracic surgeon typically places it in the operating room as part of an open cardiac procedure, often while the patient is supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. The operative report should identify the placement and the vent’s role in the procedure.

Report 33988 for the insertion service, not for removal of the vent; distinguish the work from the principal cardiac operation in the documentation. CMS assigns a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures are performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others at 50%. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Assistant-at-surgery, co-surgeon, and team-surgery payment each require supporting documentation; assistant payment specifically requires medical necessity.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Montana compares for 33988

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 33988 runs from $625.67 in Wisconsin to $909.62 in Alaska. Montana pays $710.54. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

33988 in Montana vs other payment areas
  1. Montana · this page$710.54
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$710.95+$0.41
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$769.12+$58.58
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$893.33+$182.79
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$865.68+$155.14
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$827.45+$116.91
  7. Alaska · Alaska$909.62+$199.08

Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

33988 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$646.99
ArkansasArkansas—$639.35
ArizonaArizona—$690.71
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$684.61
Chico, CACalifornia—$675.12
El Centro, CACalifornia—$675.71
Fresno, CACalifornia—$675.12
Hanford, CACalifornia—$675.12

33988 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
33988 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 33988 in every payment locality

How the 33988 rate is calculated

Each of 33988’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 33988

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work14.63

14.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense3.16

3.16 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice3.49

3.49 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

21.2800

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$710.77

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

4,172

Code
33988
Physician work
14.63
Practice expense
3.16
Malpractice
3.49

GPCI2026.csv

71

Locality
Montana
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.998
Facility calculation for 33988 in Montana
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work14.63× 1.00014.6300
Practice expense3.16× 1.0003.1600
Malpractice3.49× 0.9983.4830
Total RVUs21.2730
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Montana$710.54

Facility: (14.63 × 1 + 3.16 × 1 + 3.49 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $710.54

Open 33988 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 33988

The CMS indicators that decide how 33988 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 33988

Left heart vent, insertion

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

33988 without 51 · national facility

$710.77

Left heart vent, insertion

33988-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$355.39

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 33988 has changed in Montana

33988 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    No ratechanged toNo rate

    Held through RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D, RVU17A, RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D, RVU18AR1, RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D, RVU19A, RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D, RVU20A, RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D, RVU21A, RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D, RVU22A, RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D, RVU23A, RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D, RVU24A, RVU24AR, RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D, RVU25A, RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D, RVU26A, RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$710.54RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$710.54RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$710.54RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$710.54RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$730.85RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$730.85RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$730.85RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$730.85RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$749.09RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$749.09RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$749.09RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$749.09RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$736.86RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$763.34RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$763.34RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$763.34RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$763.34RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$784.49RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$784.49RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$784.49RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$784.49RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$788.99RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$788.99RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$788.99RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$788.99RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$851.15RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$851.15RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$851.15RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$851.15RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$900.03RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$900.03RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$887.69RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$887.69RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$896.83RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$896.83RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$896.83RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$896.83RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$873.64RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$873.64RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$873.64RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$873.64RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$839.23RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$839.23RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$839.23RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$839.23RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$842.66RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$842.66RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$838.47RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$838.47RVU15A
2014-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14D
2014-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14C
2014-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14B
2014-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14A
2013-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13D
2013-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13C
2013-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13B
2013-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13AR

Price 33988 for an earlier date of service

Where the Montana rate applies

Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Absarokee
  • Acton
  • Alberton
  • Alder
  • Alzada
  • Amsterdam
  • Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
  • Antelope

Browse all communities in Montana

33988 billing questions

How does insertion differ from removal of a left heart vent?

Use 33988 for placement. Code 33989 describes the removal service.

What documentation supports reporting 33988?

The operative report should establish that the surgeon placed a left heart vent and describe its role in the cardiac procedure.

Is modifier 50 appropriate?

No. CMS identifies bilateral adjustment as inappropriate for this code.

How does the multiple-procedure rule affect payment?

For procedures performed in the same session, CMS pays the highest-valued procedure in full and the other procedures at 50%.

Can an assistant surgeon or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity. Co-surgeon and team-surgery payment require supporting documentation.

Does the code include same-day postoperative care?

Yes. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 33988PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 4,172 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for MontanaGPCI2026.csv, line 71 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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