CPT code 35231: Vascular repair, neck, vein graft2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Vermont

Reports surgical reconstruction of a neck blood vessel using a vein graft when the vessel defect cannot be managed with direct repair alone.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality115 Medicare services in 2024

In Vermont, Medicare pays $1,019.96 for 35231 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$1,019.96Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 35231 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 35231 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Vermont
  2. What 35231 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 35231 covers

A vascular surgeon uses a vein graft to reconstruct a blood vessel in the neck when injury, disease, or removal of adjacent tissue leaves a defect that requires graft material. The repair may restore continuity across a segmental defect or reinforce a vessel wall defect. This service is generally performed in an operating room, often during treatment of a neck vascular injury or as part of a larger operation involving a neck vessel.

Select this code for the neck location and vein-graft method; a direct suture repair or repair using a non-vein graft belongs to a different code. The operative report should identify the vessel and neck site, the defect being repaired, why graft reconstruction was needed, and the vein graft used. The code has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction. Bilateral reporting with modifier 50 is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Vermont compares for 35231

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 35231 runs from $985.70 in Nebraska to $1,390.41 in Alaska. Vermont pays $1,019.96. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

35231 in Vermont vs other payment areas
  1. Vermont · this page$1,019.96
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$1,120.24+$100.28
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,184.69+$164.73
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$1,289.80+$269.84
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$1,255.30+$235.34
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$1,247.14+$227.18
  7. Alaska · Alaska$1,390.41+$370.45

Other areas in Vermont first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

35231 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$996.56
ArkansasArkansas—$985.79
ArizonaArizona—$1,058.61
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$1,074.67
Chico, CACalifornia—$1,064.05
El Centro, CACalifornia—$1,064.68
Fresno, CACalifornia—$1,064.05
Hanford, CACalifornia—$1,064.05

35231 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
35231 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 35231 in every payment locality

How the 35231 rate is calculated

Each of 35231’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 35231

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work20.63

20.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense8.07

8.07 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice3.79

3.79 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

32.4900

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$1,085.20

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Vermont inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

4,300

Code
35231
Physician work
20.63
Practice expense
8.07
Malpractice
3.79

GPCI2026.csv

105

Locality
Vermont
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.990
Malpractice
0.506
Facility calculation for 35231 in Vermont
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work20.63× 1.00020.6300
Practice expense8.07× 0.9907.9893
Malpractice3.79× 0.5061.9177
Total RVUs30.5370
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Vermont$1019.96

Facility: (20.63 × 1 + 8.07 × 0.99 + 3.79 × 0.506) × $33.4009 = $1019.96

Open 35231 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 35231

35231 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 35231

Vascular repair, neck, vein graft

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.09/0.84/0.07Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 35231

Vascular repair, neck, vein graft

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

35231 without 50 · national facility

$1,085.20

Vascular repair, neck, vein graft

35231-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$1,627.80

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 35231 has changed in Vermont

35231 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$1,019.96RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$1,019.96RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$1,019.96RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$1,019.96RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$1,143.28RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$1,143.28RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$1,143.28RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$1,143.28RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$1,167.92RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$1,167.92RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$1,167.92RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$1,167.92RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$1,148.86RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$1,193.87RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$1,193.87RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$1,193.87RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$1,193.87RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$1,209.31RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$1,209.31RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$1,209.31RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$1,209.31RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$1,218.08RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$1,218.08RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$1,218.08RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$1,218.08RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$1,256.51RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$1,256.51RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$1,256.51RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$1,256.51RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$1,237.32RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$1,237.32RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$1,237.32RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$1,237.32RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$1,244.75RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$1,244.75RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$1,244.75RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$1,244.75RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$1,246.29RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$1,246.29RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$1,246.29RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$1,246.29RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$1,234.42RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$1,234.42RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$1,234.42RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$1,234.42RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$1,246.93RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$1,246.93RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$1,240.73RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$1,240.73RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$1,219.83RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$1,219.83RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$1,219.83RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$1,219.83RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this settingRate data unavailableRVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this settingRate data unavailableRVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this settingRate data unavailableRVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this settingRate data unavailableRVU13AR

Price 35231 for an earlier date of service

Where the Vermont rate applies

Vermont is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 180 cities and communities in Vermont. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Albany
  • Alburgh
  • Algiers
  • Arlington
  • Ascutney
  • Bakersfield
  • Barnet
  • Barre

Browse all communities in Vermont

35231 billing questions

When should this code be chosen instead of 35201?

Use this code when a neck vessel is reconstructed with a vein graft. Code 35201 describes direct vessel repair without graft material.

How does this differ from 35261?

Both describe graft-based repair in the neck, but this code is for a vein graft; 35261 is for a graft other than a vein.

What documentation supports the graft method?

Document the neck vessel and defect, why graft reconstruction was required, and that a vein graft was used. The operative report should distinguish graft repair from direct closure.

How is bilateral repair handled?

When the procedure is performed bilaterally and reported with modifier 50, CMS pays 150%.

What postoperative care is included?

The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 35231PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 4,300 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for VermontGPCI2026.csv, line 105 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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