CPT code 36835: Dialysis access, thomas external shunt2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virginia
Operative placement of a Thomas external arteriovenous shunt creates a hemodialysis access route using surgically placed arterial and venous cannulae.
In Virginia, Medicare pays $455.66 for 36835 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 36835 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 36835 covers
Code 36835 describes operative placement of a Thomas shunt, an external arteriovenous access for hemodialysis. The surgeon places arterial and venous cannulae and connects them through external tubing, creating a route for dialysis blood flow that remains outside the body. Vascular surgeons generally perform the operation in an operating room for a patient requiring hemodialysis access when an external shunt is selected rather than an internal fistula or graft.
Report 36835 when the operative documentation supports insertion of a Thomas-type external shunt; do not substitute it for creation of an internal AV fistula or graft. The operative report should identify the external shunt and document its placement, rather than only cannulation or revision of an existing access. Medicare assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. In a same-session multiple-procedure setting, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate; assistant-at-surgery services are restricted from payment, and co-surgery and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Virginia compares for 36835
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 36835 runs from $422.76 in Arkansas to $582.38 in Alaska. Virginia pays $455.66. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Virginia · this page$455.66
- Los Angeles, CA · California$497.24+$41.58
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$527.16+$71.50
- Miami, FL · Florida$577.60+$121.94
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$558.78+$103.12
- Manhattan, NY · New York$555.94+$100.28
- Alaska · Alaska$582.38+$126.72
Other areas in Virginia first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $428.62 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $422.76 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $462.49 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $473.63 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $468.96 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $516.07 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $491.37 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $488.38 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $484.74 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $482.83 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $489.27 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $536.59 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $534.50 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $550.45 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $541.91 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $476.00 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $489.94 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $483.29 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $494.36 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $513.06 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $468.66 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $477.03 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $507.57 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $469.60 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $528.51 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $500.03 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $492.45 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $470.00 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $474.14 |
| IowaIowa | — | $425.06 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $430.59 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $525.29 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $496.38 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $530.40 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $432.58 |
| KansasKansas | — | $429.76 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $452.46 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $474.92 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $454.42 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $513.01 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $477.11 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $507.57 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $476.08 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $439.75 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $452.42 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $512.82 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $469.71 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $438.31 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $464.81 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $468.56 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $451.48 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $436.87 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $476.51 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $443.01 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $440.12 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $425.26 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $475.95 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $523.52 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $508.07 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $474.82 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $466.54 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $577.21 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $516.75 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $550.51 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $449.84 |
| OhioOhio | — | $462.27 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $444.66 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $483.75 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $457.70 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $499.89 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $459.26 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $477.59 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $480.27 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $454.44 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $435.82 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $432.64 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $480.01 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $456.91 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $463.53 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $469.42 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $468.51 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $466.82 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $500.50 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $461.96 |
| UtahUtah | — | $460.12 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $477.59 |
| VermontVermont | — | $444.56 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $474.17 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $516.35 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $426.93 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $480.76 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $460.65 |
36835 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 36835 rate is calculated
Each of 36835’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 36835
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work7.32
7.32 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense5.11
5.11 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice1.84
1.84 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
14.2700
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$476.63
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Virginia inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
4,556
- Code
- 36835
- Physician work
- 7.32
- Practice expense
- 5.11
- Malpractice
- 1.84
GPCI2026.csv
106
- Locality
- Virginia
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.983
- Malpractice
- 0.706
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 7.32 | × 1.000 | 7.3200 |
| Practice expense | 5.11 | × 0.983 | 5.0231 |
| Malpractice | 1.84 | × 0.706 | 1.2990 |
| Total RVUs | 13.6422 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Virginia$455.66
Facility: (7.32 × 1 + 5.11 × 0.983 + 1.84 × 0.706) × $33.4009 = $455.66
Payment rules and modifiers for 36835
36835 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 36835
Dialysis access, thomas external shunt
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.09/0.84/0.07 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 36835
Dialysis access, thomas external shunt
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
36835 without 51 · national facility
$476.63
Dialysis access, thomas external shunt
36835-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$238.32
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 36835 has changed in Virginia
36835 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $455.66 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $455.66 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $455.66 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $455.66 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $451.63 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $451.63 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $451.63 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $451.63 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $462.47 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $462.47 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $462.47 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $462.47 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $454.92 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $472.95 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $472.95 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $472.95 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $472.95 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $487.66 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $487.66 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $487.66 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $487.66 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.40 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.40 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.40 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.40 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $492.77 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $492.77 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $492.77 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $492.77 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $490.94 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $490.94 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $490.94 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $490.94 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.65 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.65 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.65 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $488.65 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $501.87 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $501.87 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $501.87 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $501.87 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $502.43 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $502.43 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $502.43 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $502.43 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $512.49 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $512.49 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $509.94 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $509.94 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $504.93 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $504.93 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $504.93 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $504.93 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $418.45 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $418.45 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $418.45 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $418.45 | RVU13AR |
Where the Virginia rate applies
Virginia is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 628 cities and communities in Virginia. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbs Valley
- Abingdon
- Accomac
- Adwolf
- Afton
- Alberta
- Aldie
- Allison Gap
36835 billing questions
How is 36835 different from an AV fistula code such as 36821?
Use 36835 for insertion of a Thomas external shunt with cannulae and external tubing. Code 36821 describes creation of a direct internal artery-to-vein fistula.
How does a Thomas shunt differ from a dialysis graft?
A Thomas shunt is an external access. Codes 36825 and 36830 describe creation of an AV graft, using autogenous or nonautologous material, respectively.
Does this code describe isolated cannula placement?
The defining service is operative insertion of the Thomas external shunt. If the documentation describes only cannulation or work on an existing access, it does not establish that this shunt-insertion service was performed.
What postoperative care is included?
The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.
Which modifiers or additional surgeon claims are appropriate?
Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this procedure. Assistant-at-surgery services are restricted from payment, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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