CPT code 43231: Esophageal EUS, examination only, esophagus2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Delaware
Reports transoral flexible esophagoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound confined to the esophagus, such as assessment of an esophageal lesion or wall thickening.
In Delaware, Medicare pays $137.04 for 43231 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 43231 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 43231 covers
A gastroenterologist or other qualified physician passes a flexible endoscope through the mouth and uses ultrasound to examine structures in or adjacent to the esophagus. Typical uses include assessing an esophageal subepithelial lesion, wall thickening, or local tumor involvement. The ultrasound examination must be confined to the esophagus; this is not the code for an EUS-guided needle sample.
Select this service based on the documented scope and extent of the ultrasound examination, not simply the patient’s diagnosis. The report should identify the esophageal findings and support that EUS was performed. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy family pricing adjusts payment for the combined services. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. CMS does not pay an assistant at surgery; co-surgeons are permitted, while team surgery is not.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Delaware compares for 43231
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 43231 runs from $128.25 in Arkansas to $181.94 in Alaska. Delaware pays $137.04. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Delaware · this page$137.04
- Los Angeles, CA · California$145.56+$8.52
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$150.61+$13.57
- Miami, FL · Florida$153.28+$16.24
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$150.45+$13.41
- Manhattan, NY · New York$155.18+$18.14
- Alaska · Alaska$181.94+$44.90
Other areas in Delaware first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $129.31 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $128.25 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $135.48 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $139.78 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $138.98 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $151.26 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $143.97 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $141.88 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $143.20 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $142.59 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $143.95 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $157.20 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $156.90 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $160.47 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $159.22 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $140.56 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $143.79 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $142.58 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $145.10 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $150.81 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $138.93 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $139.48 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $144.57 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $145.72 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $140.82 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $140.64 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $135.60 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $139.32 |
| IowaIowa | — | $129.30 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $130.17 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $144.07 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $139.74 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $146.57 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $130.56 |
| KansasKansas | — | $129.85 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $132.99 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $136.95 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $133.23 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $148.01 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $139.57 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $144.30 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $138.57 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $131.52 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $134.28 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $142.81 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $135.83 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $132.69 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $135.44 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $136.15 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $132.50 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $130.35 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $137.93 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $132.16 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $132.59 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $129.43 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $138.37 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $150.34 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $145.94 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $136.63 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $136.48 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $158.64 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $147.53 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $154.64 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $133.38 |
| OhioOhio | — | $134.73 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $131.90 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $141.29 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $135.12 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $142.88 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $134.35 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $138.23 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $139.95 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $133.72 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $131.96 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $130.34 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $139.29 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $133.91 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $136.35 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $137.33 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $137.07 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $136.86 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $141.80 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $135.15 |
| UtahUtah | — | $134.76 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $134.65 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $138.23 |
| VermontVermont | — | $133.11 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $138.98 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $149.42 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $130.12 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $136.89 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $135.60 |
43231 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 43231 rate is calculated
Each of 43231’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 43231
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.73
2.73 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.13
1.13 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.27
0.27 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
4.1300
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$137.95
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Delaware inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
5,160
- Code
- 43231
- Physician work
- 2.73
- Practice expense
- 1.13
- Malpractice
- 0.27
GPCI2026.csv
40
- Locality
- Delaware
- Physician work
- 1.005
- Practice expense
- 0.988
- Malpractice
- 0.899
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.73 | × 1.005 | 2.7436 |
| Practice expense | 1.13 | × 0.988 | 1.1164 |
| Malpractice | 0.27 | × 0.899 | 0.2427 |
| Total RVUs | 4.1028 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Delaware$137.04
Facility: (2.73 × 1.005 + 1.13 × 0.988 + 0.27 × 0.899) × $33.4009 = $137.04
Payment rules and modifiers for 43231
The CMS indicators that decide how 43231 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 43231
Esophageal EUS, examination only, esophagus
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 2 | Permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
43231 without 51 · national facility
$137.95
Esophageal EUS, examination only, esophagus
43231-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$68.98
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 43231 has changed in Delaware
43231 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$359.50changed toNo rate
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D, RVU21A, RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D, RVU22A, RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D, RVU23A, RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D, RVU24A, RVU24AR, RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D, RVU25A, RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D, RVU26A, RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$349.94changed to$359.50
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 6.41 changed to 6.66
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$349.65changed to$349.94
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 6.37 changed to 6.41
- Malpractice RVU 0.35 changed to 0.33
- Work GPCI 1.010 changed to 1.007
- Practice expense GPCI 1.025 changed to 1.019
- Malpractice GPCI 1.101 changed to 1.119
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$419.17changed to$349.65
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Work RVU 2.90 changed to 2.80
- Practice expense RVU 8.12 changed to 6.37
- Malpractice RVU 0.37 changed to 0.35
- Work GPCI 1.012 changed to 1.010
- Practice expense GPCI 1.031 changed to 1.025
- Malpractice GPCI 1.083 changed to 1.101
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$427.80changed to$419.17
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 8.27 changed to 8.12
- Malpractice RVU 0.41 changed to 0.37
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$425.67changed to$427.80
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$424.00changed to$425.67
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 8.22 changed to 8.27
- Malpractice RVU 0.42 changed to 0.41
- Practice expense GPCI 1.038 changed to 1.031
- Malpractice GPCI 0.878 changed to 1.083
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
No ratechanged to$424.00
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.04 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.04 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.04 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $137.04 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $149.06 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $149.06 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $149.06 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $149.06 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $154.36 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $154.36 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $154.36 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $154.36 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $151.84 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $157.29 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $157.29 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $157.29 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $157.29 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $161.50 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $161.50 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $161.50 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $161.50 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $162.52 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $162.52 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $162.52 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $162.52 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $167.63 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $167.63 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $167.63 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $167.63 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $359.50 | $170.74 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $359.50 | $170.74 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $359.50 | $170.74 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $359.50 | $170.74 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $349.94 | $171.66 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $349.94 | $171.66 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $349.94 | $171.66 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $349.94 | $171.66 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $349.65 | $172.34 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $349.65 | $172.34 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $349.65 | $172.34 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $349.65 | $172.34 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $419.17 | $178.12 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $419.17 | $178.12 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $419.17 | $178.12 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $419.17 | $178.12 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $427.80 | $181.80 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $427.80 | $181.80 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $425.67 | $180.90 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $425.67 | $180.90 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $424.00 | $179.70 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $424.00 | $179.70 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $424.00 | $179.70 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $424.00 | $179.70 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $191.85 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $191.85 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $191.85 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $191.85 | RVU13AR |
Where the Delaware rate applies
Delaware is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 79 cities and communities in Delaware. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Arden
- Ardencroft
- Ardentown
- Bear
- Bellefonte
- Bethany Beach
- Bethel
- Blades
43231 billing questions
When should 43231 be chosen over 43237?
Use 43231 when flexible esophagoscopy with EUS is confined to the esophagus. Use 43237 for an EGD-based EUS examination that includes the stomach or duodenum as appropriate.
How does 43231 differ from 43232?
43231 describes an esophageal EUS examination without needle sampling. 43232 is for esophageal EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or biopsy.
Can EUS-guided needle sampling be reported with 43231?
When EUS-guided sampling is performed, consider the sampling code that matches the scope and anatomic extent, such as 43232 for esophageal esophagoscopy. The documentation should show the sampling service performed.
How are related endoscopies paid when performed together?
CMS endoscopy family pricing adjusts payment when related endoscopies are performed in the same session. Report the services supported by the procedure documentation.
Does 43231 have a global period or bilateral adjustment?
It has a 0-day global period, with same-day preoperative and postoperative care included. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this service.
Can an assistant or additional surgeons be reported?
CMS does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code. Co-surgeons are permitted, but team surgery is not.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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