CPT code 44361: Small bowel endoscopy, biopsy, ileum excluded2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Vermont
Reports enteroscopy into the small bowel beyond the second portion of the duodenum, with tissue biopsy and without examination of the ileum.
In Vermont, Medicare pays $135.43 for 44361 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 44361 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 44361 covers
A gastroenterologist or other qualified endoscopist advances an enteroscope beyond the second portion of the duodenum to examine the small bowel and obtain tissue samples. The examined segment may include the jejunum, but this code excludes examination of the ileum. Biopsies may be taken from abnormal-appearing mucosa or to investigate suspected small-bowel disease, such as a cause of malabsorption or unexplained anemia. These procedures are commonly performed in a hospital outpatient department or ambulatory endoscopy center.
Report 44361 when the endoscopist obtains one or more tissue biopsies during the qualifying examination; the number of samples does not create separate procedure units. The report should support the route and extent of the examination, the biopsy sites, and the reason for sampling. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted. Bilateral adjustment does not apply, and modifier 50 is inappropriate.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Vermont compares for 44361
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 44361 runs from $130.17 in Arkansas to $184.01 in Alaska. Vermont pays $135.43. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Vermont · this page$135.43
- Los Angeles, CA · California$148.52+$13.09
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$153.84+$18.41
- Miami, FL · Florida$157.10+$21.67
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$154.00+$18.57
- Manhattan, NY · New York$158.67+$23.24
- Alaska · Alaska$184.01+$48.58
Other areas in Vermont first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $131.32 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $130.17 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $137.96 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $142.46 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $141.62 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $154.49 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $146.91 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $144.73 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $146.01 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $145.40 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $146.87 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $160.65 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $160.32 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $164.05 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $162.71 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $143.32 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $146.78 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $145.41 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $148.12 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $154.02 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $141.57 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $142.19 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $147.59 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $139.60 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $148.97 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $143.70 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $143.49 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $138.08 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $142.12 |
| IowaIowa | — | $131.31 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $132.25 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $147.18 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $142.53 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $149.83 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $132.66 |
| KansasKansas | — | $131.90 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $135.27 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $139.53 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $135.52 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $151.16 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $142.25 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $147.33 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $141.21 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $133.70 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $136.68 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $145.84 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $138.32 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $134.98 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $137.91 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $138.68 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $134.74 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $132.43 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $140.60 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $134.39 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $134.86 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $131.46 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $141.08 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $153.48 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $148.91 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $139.18 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $139.04 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $162.39 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $150.58 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $158.09 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $135.70 |
| OhioOhio | — | $137.15 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $134.10 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $144.10 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $137.58 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $145.78 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $136.74 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | — | $140.92 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $142.63 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $136.07 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $134.19 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $132.42 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $142.06 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $136.26 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $138.84 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $139.89 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $139.61 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $139.39 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $144.70 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $137.60 |
| UtahUtah | — | $137.18 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $137.08 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $140.92 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $141.63 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $152.60 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $132.20 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $139.45 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $138.10 |
44361 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
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Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 44361 rate is calculated
Each of 44361’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 44361
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work2.70
2.70 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.22
1.22 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.29
0.29 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
4.2100
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$140.62
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Vermont inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
5,390
- Code
- 44361
- Physician work
- 2.70
- Practice expense
- 1.22
- Malpractice
- 0.29
GPCI2026.csv
105
- Locality
- Vermont
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.990
- Malpractice
- 0.506
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 2.70 | × 1.000 | 2.7000 |
| Practice expense | 1.22 | × 0.990 | 1.2078 |
| Malpractice | 0.29 | × 0.506 | 0.1467 |
| Total RVUs | 4.0545 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Vermont$135.43
Facility: (2.7 × 1 + 1.22 × 0.99 + 0.29 × 0.506) × $33.4009 = $135.43
Payment rules and modifiers for 44361
The CMS indicators that decide how 44361 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 44361
Small bowel endoscopy, biopsy, ileum excluded
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 3 | Endoscopy family rules apply. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
44361 without 51 · national facility
$140.62
Small bowel endoscopy, biopsy, ileum excluded
44361-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$70.31
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 44361 has changed in Vermont
44361 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.43 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.43 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.43 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $135.43 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $146.52 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $146.52 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $146.52 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $146.52 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $150.12 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $150.12 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $150.12 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $150.12 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $147.67 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $152.28 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $152.28 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $152.28 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $152.28 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.00 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.00 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.00 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.00 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.75 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.75 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.75 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $156.75 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $160.84 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $160.84 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $160.84 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $160.84 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.15 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.15 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.15 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.15 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.49 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.49 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.49 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.49 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.62 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.62 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.62 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $163.62 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $168.59 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $168.59 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $168.59 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $168.59 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $171.98 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $171.98 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $171.13 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $171.13 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $170.91 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $170.91 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $170.91 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $170.91 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Vermont rate applies
Vermont is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 180 cities and communities in Vermont. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Albany
- Alburgh
- Algiers
- Arlington
- Ascutney
- Bakersfield
- Barnet
- Barre
44361 billing questions
When should 44361 be reported instead of 44360?
Use 44361 when tissue biopsy is obtained during the qualifying small-bowel examination. Use 44360 for the diagnostic examination when no tissue biopsy is performed.
Does the code include multiple biopsy samples?
Yes. One or multiple biopsies during the examination are included in the procedure service; do not report a separate unit for each sample.
Can 44361 be used when the endoscopist examines the ileum?
No. This code describes examination beyond the second portion of the duodenum without including the ileum. For an examination that includes the ileum with biopsy, compare 44377.
How is 44361 handled when another related endoscopy is performed in the same session?
CMS endoscopy-family pricing applies when related endoscopies are performed together. The record should identify each examination and any distinct intervention or biopsy performed.
Is modifier 50 appropriate, and can an assistant or co-surgeon be paid?
No. Bilateral adjustment does not apply, and modifier 50 is inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
What documentation supports reporting 44361?
Document the endoscopic route and extent, the small-bowel segment examined, the biopsy site or sites, and the clinical reason for obtaining tissue.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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