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CPT code 44390: Stomal colonoscopy, foreign body removal2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Reports colonoscopy performed through a stoma to retrieve a foreign object from the colon using an endoscopic instrument.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality25 Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $440.15 for 44390 in the office and $176.62 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$440.15Office (non-facility)
$176.62Hospital or facility
−2.0%vs the national office rate ($449.24)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 44390 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 44390 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 44390 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 44390 covers

A gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon uses a colonoscope passed through a colostomy stoma to locate and retrieve a foreign object in the colon. The service is typically performed in an endoscopy suite or hospital procedure setting when the object can be reached and removed endoscopically. The operative report should identify the route through the stoma, the foreign object, its location, and the retrieval performed.

Choose this code for endoscopic foreign-body removal through a stoma, rather than a diagnostic examination alone or treatment directed at a polyp, bleeding site, or tissue sample. CMS assigns a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, endoscopy family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this anatomy. Medicare does not pay for an assistant at surgery; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 44390

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 44390 runs from $398.38 in Arkansas to $594.92 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $440.15. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

44390 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$440.15
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$507.03+$66.88
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$513.20+$73.05
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$483.04+$42.89
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$469.40+$29.25
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$515.88+$75.73
  7. Alaska · Alaska$524.44+$84.29

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

44390 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$404.09$173.50
ArkansasArkansas$398.38$172.00
ArizonaArizona$437.55$182.18
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$476.31$187.48
Chico, CACalifornia$475.07$186.24
El Centro, CACalifornia$475.14$186.31
Fresno, CACalifornia$475.07$186.24
Hanford, CACalifornia$475.07$186.24

44390 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$398.38

$535.00

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
44390 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$524.441
AL$404.091
AR$398.381
AZ$437.551
CA$475.07–$594.9229
CO$467.781
CT$478.711
DC$513.201
DE$444.701
FL$442.33–$483.043
GA$418.00–$457.382
GU$486.441
HI$486.441
IA$414.331
ID$416.931
IL$429.67–$469.404
IN$419.311
KS$412.341
KY$413.261
LA$412.60–$432.602
MA$465.04–$513.582
MD$453.10–$513.203
ME$418.97–$441.372
MI$423.72–$447.662
MN$448.701
MO$405.60–$434.223
MS$402.071
MT$449.211
NC$423.281
ND$441.111
NE$416.571
NH$460.391
NJ$484.30–$508.042
NM$425.961
NV$447.271
NY$429.49–$528.065
OH$422.071
OK$412.631
OR$443.92–$482.502
PA$422.77–$466.942
PR$452.491
RI$460.431
SC$423.351
SD$440.151
TN$414.361
TX$420.04–$466.128
UT$429.031
VA$439.88–$513.202
VI$452.491
VT$439.341
WA$464.18–$524.032
WI$426.591
WV$414.061
WY$445.681

See 44390 in every payment locality

How the 44390 rate is calculated

Each of 44390’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 44390

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.65

3.65 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense9.39

9.39 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.41

0.41 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

13.4500

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$449.24

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

5,412

Code
44390
Physician work
3.65
Practice expense
9.39
Malpractice
0.41

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 44390 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.65× 1.0003.6500
Practice expense9.39× 1.0009.3900
Malpractice0.41× 0.3360.1378
Total RVUs13.1778
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$440.15

Office: (3.65 × 1 + 9.39 × 1 + 0.41 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $440.15

Facility: (3.65 × 1 + 1.5 × 1 + 0.41 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $176.62

Open 44390 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 44390

The CMS indicators that decide how 44390 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 44390

Stomal colonoscopy, foreign body removal

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

44390 without 51 · national office

$449.24

Stomal colonoscopy, foreign body removal

44390-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$224.62

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 44390

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 44390
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, South Dakota
Same family
44388Colonoscopy, diagnostic, through stomaColonoscopy through a stoma without the foreign-body removal service.$344.62
44389Colonoscopy, through stoma, with biopsyStomal colonoscopy with biopsy, rather than foreign-body removal.$448.72
44391Colonoscopy through stoma, control of bleedingStomal colonoscopy directed at controlling bleeding.$691.33
44392Stoma colonoscopy, hot biopsy forceps removalStomal colonoscopy with polyp removal by a method other than snare.$419.12
44394Stomal colonoscopy, snare lesion removalStomal colonoscopy with snare removal of a polyp.$472.33
Used instead
45379Colonoscopy, foreign body removalForeign-body removal by colonoscopy through the usual anal route.$468.44

How 44390 has changed in South Dakota

44390 · Office / nonfacility

$440.15

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $61.06 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $379.09 to $440.15 (16.1%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $379.09changed to$440.15

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 3.74 changed to 3.65
    • Practice expense RVU 7.80 changed to 9.39
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.41
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $394.39changed to$379.09

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 7.94 changed to 7.80
    • Malpractice RVU 0.44 changed to 0.47

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $387.96changed to$394.39

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $401.91changed to$387.96

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 7.96 changed to 7.94
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $416.62changed to$401.91

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 8.16 changed to 7.96
    • Malpractice RVU 0.40 changed to 0.44
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $416.35changed to$416.62

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 8.05 changed to 8.16
    • Malpractice RVU 0.41 changed to 0.40

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $395.80changed to$416.35

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 7.08 changed to 8.05
    • Malpractice RVU 0.40 changed to 0.41
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $384.42changed to$395.80

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 6.74 changed to 7.08
    • Malpractice RVU 0.48 changed to 0.40
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $376.22changed to$384.42

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 6.52 changed to 6.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.49 changed to 0.48

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $371.79changed to$376.22

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 6.43 changed to 6.52
    • Malpractice RVU 0.48 changed to 0.49
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $441.11changed to$371.79

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 3.84 changed to 3.74
    • Practice expense RVU 8.28 changed to 6.43
    • Malpractice RVU 0.50 changed to 0.48
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $462.82changed to$441.11

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Work RVU 3.82 changed to 3.84
    • Practice expense RVU 8.84 changed to 8.28
    • Malpractice RVU 0.55 changed to 0.50

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $460.52changed to$462.82

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $457.98changed to$460.52

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 8.74 changed to 8.84
    • Malpractice RVU 0.54 changed to 0.55
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $485.57changed to$457.98

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 10.21 changed to 8.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.56 changed to 0.54
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $485.57

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$440.15$176.62RVU26D
2026-07-01$440.15$176.62RVU26C
2026-04-01$440.15$176.62RVU26B
2026-01-01$440.15$176.62RVU26A
2025-10-01$379.09$192.45RVU25D
2025-07-01$379.09$192.45RVU25C
2025-04-01$379.09$192.45RVU25B
2025-01-01$379.09$192.45RVU25A
2024-10-01$394.39$197.33RVU24D
2024-07-01$394.39$197.33RVU24C
2024-04-01$394.39$197.33RVU24B
2024-03-09$394.39$197.33RVU24AR
2024-01-01$387.96$194.11RVU24A
2023-10-01$401.91$199.60RVU23D
2023-07-01$401.91$199.60RVU23C
2023-04-01$401.91$199.60RVU23B
2023-01-01$401.91$199.60RVU23A
2022-10-01$416.62$203.10RVU22D
2022-07-01$416.62$203.10RVU22C
2022-04-01$416.62$203.10RVU22B
2022-01-01$416.62$203.10RVU22A
2021-10-01$416.35$204.20RVU21D
2021-07-01$416.35$204.20RVU21C
2021-04-01$416.35$204.20RVU21B
2021-01-01$416.35$204.20RVU21A
2020-10-01$395.80$209.94RVU20D
2020-07-01$395.80$209.94RVU20C
2020-04-01$395.80$209.94RVU20B
2020-01-01$395.80$209.94RVU20A
2019-10-01$384.42$211.79RVU19D
2019-07-01$384.42$211.79RVU19C
2019-04-01$384.42$211.79RVU19B
2019-01-01$384.42$211.79RVU19A
2018-10-01$376.22$212.78RVU18D
2018-07-01$376.22$212.78RVU18C
2018-04-01$376.22$212.78RVU18B
2018-01-01$376.22$212.78RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$371.79$212.09RVU17D
2017-07-01$371.79$212.09RVU17C
2017-04-01$371.79$212.09RVU17B
2017-01-01$371.79$212.09RVU17A
2016-10-01$441.11$216.26RVU16D
2016-07-01$441.11$216.26RVU16C
2016-04-01$441.11$216.26RVU16B
2016-01-01$441.11$216.26RVU16A
2015-10-01$462.82$219.91RVU15D
2015-07-01$462.82$219.91RVU15C
2015-04-01$460.52$218.82RVU15B
2015-01-01$460.52$218.82RVU15A
2014-10-01$457.98$219.40RVU14D
2014-07-01$457.98$219.40RVU14C
2014-04-01$457.98$219.40RVU14B
2014-01-01$457.98$219.40RVU14A
2013-10-01$485.57$219.85RVU13D
2013-07-01$485.57$219.85RVU13C
2013-04-01$485.57$219.85RVU13B
2013-01-01$485.57$219.85RVU13AR

Price 44390 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

44390 billing questions

How does this differ from code 45379?

Code 44390 describes foreign-body removal by colonoscopy through a stoma. Code 45379 is the corresponding foreign-body removal service through the usual anal route.

Can this code be used for a diagnostic examination through the stoma?

No. Use 44390 when the colonoscopy through the stoma includes endoscopic foreign-body removal. A diagnostic examination without that treatment is represented by a different code.

Is removal of a polyp or control of bleeding included?

This code is for foreign-body removal, not polypectomy or treatment of a bleeding site. Report the code matching the therapeutic service actually performed.

How should same-day related endoscopies be handled?

When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy family pricing applies. The operative documentation should support each service and its distinct purpose.

Can modifier 50 or an assistant-at-surgery claim be reported?

Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this stoma-based service. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this code.

What documentation supports reporting 44390?

Document that the colonoscope entered through the stoma, the foreign object and its location, and the endoscopic retrieval performed.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 44390PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 5,412 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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