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CPT code 45381: Colonoscopy injection, directed submucosal injection2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Connecticut

Colonoscopy with directed submucosal injection is reported when an endoscopist injects beneath a colonic lesion to lift it or mark its location.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality81.9K Medicare services in 2024

In Connecticut, Medicare pays $523.34 for 45381 in the office and $186.63 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$523.34Office (non-facility)
$186.63Hospital or facility
+6.7%vs the national office rate ($490.33)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 45381 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 45381 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Connecticut
  2. What 45381 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 45381 covers

During colonoscopy, the endoscopist directs material into the tissue layer beneath the colonic lining. Common reasons include raising a flat lesion to facilitate endoscopic treatment or tattooing a lesion site for later localization. Gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons typically perform the service in an endoscopy unit, ambulatory surgery center, hospital, or appropriately equipped office.

Report the service when the procedure record identifies the injection site, purpose, and substance or marking method. Injections during an endoscopic mucosal resection are included in the resection service; do not separately report this code for that same injection. Medicare assigns a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies occur together, endoscopy-family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this colon procedure. Medicare does not pay an assistant-at-surgery service for this code; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Connecticut compares for 45381

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 45381 runs from $432.71 in Arkansas to $655.86 in San Benito County, CA. Connecticut pays $523.34. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

45381 in Connecticut vs other payment areas
  1. Connecticut · this page$523.34
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$556.32+$32.98
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$562.32+$38.98
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$526.55+$3.21
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$511.11−$12.23
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$564.35+$41.01
  7. Alaska · Alaska$565.40+$42.06

Other areas in Connecticut first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

45381 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$439.19$165.63
ArkansasArkansas$432.71$164.15
ArizonaArizona$477.13$174.19
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$521.64$179.00
Chico, CACalifornia$520.38$177.74
El Centro, CACalifornia$520.45$177.81
Fresno, CACalifornia$520.38$177.74
Hanford, CACalifornia$520.38$177.74

45381 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$432.71

$588.12

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
45381 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$565.401
AL$439.191
AR$432.711
AZ$477.131
CA$520.38–$655.8629
CO$511.711
CT$523.341
DC$562.321
DE$485.161
FL$481.52–$526.553
GA$454.10–$499.262
GU$533.791
HI$533.791
IA$451.231
ID$454.101
IL$466.87–$511.704
IN$456.811
KS$448.771
KY$449.131
LA$448.29–$470.972
MA$508.43–$563.452
MD$494.66–$562.323
ME$456.19–$481.912
MI$460.78–$487.332
MN$490.901
MO$440.23–$473.053
MS$436.571
MT$490.301
NC$461.111
ND$481.991
NE$453.851
NH$503.351
NJ$529.48–$556.242
NM$463.231
NV$488.341
NY$468.14–$577.885
OH$459.081
OK$448.631
OR$484.72–$528.592
PA$460.00–$509.902
PR$494.081
RI$502.911
SC$460.831
SD$481.011
TN$451.031
TX$456.89–$509.868
UT$467.271
VA$480.07–$562.322
VI$494.081
VT$479.791
WA$507.58–$575.362
WI$465.481
WV$449.161
WY$486.681

See 45381 in every payment locality

How the 45381 rate is calculated

Each of 45381’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 45381

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.47

3.47 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense10.79

10.79 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.42

0.42 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

14.6800

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$490.33

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Connecticut inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

5,517

Code
45381
Physician work
3.47
Practice expense
10.79
Malpractice
0.42

GPCI2026.csv

38

Locality
Connecticut
Physician work
1.020
Practice expense
1.077
Malpractice
1.210
Office calculation for 45381 in Connecticut
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.47× 1.0203.5394
Practice expense10.79× 1.07711.6208
Malpractice0.42× 1.2100.5082
Total RVUs15.6684
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Connecticut$523.34

Office: (3.47 × 1.02 + 10.79 × 1.077 + 0.42 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $523.34

Facility: (3.47 × 1.02 + 1.43 × 1.077 + 0.42 × 1.21) × $33.4009 = $186.63

Open 45381 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 45381

The CMS indicators that decide how 45381 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 45381

Colonoscopy injection, directed submucosal injection

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

45381 without 51 · national office

$490.33

Colonoscopy injection, directed submucosal injection

45381-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$245.17

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 45381

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 45381
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Connecticut
Used instead
45378Colonoscopy, diagnostic, no tissue removalDiagnostic colonoscopy when no directed submucosal injection is performed.$402.98
45380Colonoscopy with biopsy, single or multiple forceps biopsiesColonoscopy with biopsy when tissue sampling, rather than injection, is performed.$512.19
45382Colonoscopy, control of bleedingUse when the endoscopic intervention is directed at controlling hemorrhage.$779.94
45390Colonoscopy, mucosal lesion resectionEndoscopic mucosal resection includes submucosal injection when performed as part of the resection.No office rate

How 45381 has changed in Connecticut

45381 · Office / nonfacility

$523.34

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $68.28 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $455.06 to $523.34 (15.0%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $455.06changed to$523.34

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 3.56 changed to 3.47
    • Practice expense RVU 9.04 changed to 10.79
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.42
    • Work GPCI 1.022 changed to 1.020
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.091 changed to 1.077
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.207 changed to 1.210

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $475.08changed to$455.06

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 9.26 changed to 9.04
    • Malpractice RVU 0.44 changed to 0.47

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $467.33changed to$475.08

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $487.89changed to$467.33

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 9.32 changed to 9.26
    • Malpractice RVU 0.43 changed to 0.44
    • Work GPCI 1.030 changed to 1.022
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.102 changed to 1.091
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.070 changed to 1.207

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $511.10changed to$487.89

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 9.60 changed to 9.32
    • Malpractice RVU 0.41 changed to 0.43
    • Work GPCI 1.037 changed to 1.030
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.114 changed to 1.102
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.934 changed to 1.070

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $506.34changed to$511.10

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 9.36 changed to 9.60
    • Malpractice RVU 0.42 changed to 0.41

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $472.55changed to$506.34

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 8.07 changed to 9.36
    • Malpractice RVU 0.41 changed to 0.42
    • Work GPCI 1.029 changed to 1.037
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.113 changed to 1.114
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.094 changed to 0.934

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $452.42changed to$472.55

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 7.49 changed to 8.07
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.41
    • Work GPCI 1.021 changed to 1.029
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.112 changed to 1.113
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.255 changed to 1.094

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $433.16changed to$452.42

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 7.01 changed to 7.49
    • Malpractice RVU 0.48 changed to 0.47

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $430.70changed to$433.16

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 6.96 changed to 7.01
    • Malpractice RVU 0.47 changed to 0.48
    • Work GPCI 1.023 changed to 1.021
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.117 changed to 1.112
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.244 changed to 1.255

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $502.95changed to$430.70

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 3.66 changed to 3.56
    • Practice expense RVU 8.66 changed to 6.96
    • Malpractice RVU 0.48 changed to 0.47
    • Work GPCI 1.024 changed to 1.023
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.121 changed to 1.117
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.232 changed to 1.244

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $521.19changed to$502.95

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Work RVU 4.19 changed to 3.66
    • Practice expense RVU 8.43 changed to 8.66
    • Malpractice RVU 0.62 changed to 0.48

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $518.60changed to$521.19

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $515.64changed to$518.60

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 8.39 changed to 8.43
    • Malpractice RVU 0.60 changed to 0.62
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.116 changed to 1.121
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.234 changed to 1.232

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $537.64changed to$515.64

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 9.67 changed to 8.39
    • Malpractice RVU 0.63 changed to 0.60
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.110 changed to 1.116
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.235 changed to 1.234

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $537.64

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$523.34$186.63RVU26D
2026-07-01$523.34$186.63RVU26C
2026-04-01$523.34$186.63RVU26B
2026-01-01$523.34$186.63RVU26A
2025-10-01$455.06$204.15RVU25D
2025-07-01$455.06$204.15RVU25C
2025-04-01$455.06$204.15RVU25B
2025-01-01$455.06$204.15RVU25A
2024-10-01$475.08$208.15RVU24D
2024-07-01$475.08$208.15RVU24C
2024-04-01$475.08$208.15RVU24B
2024-03-09$475.08$208.15RVU24AR
2024-01-01$467.33$204.76RVU24A
2023-10-01$487.89$210.43RVU23D
2023-07-01$487.89$210.43RVU23C
2023-04-01$487.89$210.43RVU23B
2023-01-01$487.89$210.43RVU23A
2022-10-01$511.10$213.87RVU22D
2022-07-01$511.10$213.87RVU22C
2022-04-01$511.10$213.87RVU22B
2022-01-01$511.10$213.87RVU22A
2021-10-01$506.34$215.19RVU21D
2021-07-01$506.34$215.19RVU21C
2021-04-01$506.34$215.19RVU21B
2021-01-01$506.34$215.19RVU21A
2020-10-01$472.55$221.50RVU20D
2020-07-01$472.55$221.50RVU20C
2020-04-01$472.55$221.50RVU20B
2020-01-01$472.55$221.50RVU20A
2019-10-01$452.42$225.99RVU19D
2019-07-01$452.42$225.99RVU19C
2019-04-01$452.42$225.99RVU19B
2019-01-01$452.42$225.99RVU19A
2018-10-01$433.16$227.40RVU18D
2018-07-01$433.16$227.40RVU18C
2018-04-01$433.16$227.40RVU18B
2018-01-01$433.16$227.40RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$430.70$226.65RVU17D
2017-07-01$430.70$226.65RVU17C
2017-04-01$430.70$226.65RVU17B
2017-01-01$430.70$226.65RVU17A
2016-10-01$502.95$232.02RVU16D
2016-07-01$502.95$232.02RVU16C
2016-04-01$502.95$232.02RVU16B
2016-01-01$502.95$232.02RVU16A
2015-10-01$521.19$270.24RVU15D
2015-07-01$521.19$270.24RVU15C
2015-04-01$518.60$268.90RVU15B
2015-01-01$518.60$268.90RVU15A
2014-10-01$515.64$268.97RVU14D
2014-07-01$515.64$268.97RVU14C
2014-04-01$515.64$268.97RVU14B
2014-01-01$515.64$268.97RVU14A
2013-10-01$537.64$267.62RVU13D
2013-07-01$537.64$267.62RVU13C
2013-04-01$537.64$267.62RVU13B
2013-01-01$537.64$267.62RVU13AR

Price 45381 for an earlier date of service

Where the Connecticut rate applies

Connecticut is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 215 cities and communities in Connecticut. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ansonia
  • Ball Pond
  • Baltic
  • Bantam
  • Bethel
  • Bethlehem Village
  • Bigelow Corners
  • Blue Hills

Browse all communities in Connecticut

45381 billing questions

When should this code be chosen instead of a biopsy code?

Use it for directed injection beneath the colonic lining, such as lifting or marking a lesion. Use the biopsy code when tissue sampling is the intervention.

Can it be reported with endoscopic mucosal resection?

The mucosal resection code includes submucosal injection when performed as part of that resection. Do not separately report this code for the same injection.

How many units should be reported for several injections?

Multiple directed injections during one colonoscopy do not create separate units; the code covers injection or injections.

What documentation supports reporting it?

Record the colonic site, why material was injected, and the substance or marking method used. Document whether the injection lifted a lesion or marked its location.

Which modifiers or surgical-assistance services are appropriate?

Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this colon procedure. Medicare does not pay an assistant-at-surgery service for this code, and co-surgeon and team-surgery reporting are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 45381PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 5,517 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for ConnecticutGPCI2026.csv, line 38 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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