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CPT code 45384: Colonoscopy polyp removal, hot biopsy or bipolar cautery2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virgin Islands, VI

Reports colonoscopic removal of a polyp or other lesion using hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery during a flexible colonoscopy.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality46.4K Medicare services in 2024

In Virgin Islands, VI, Medicare pays $543.37 for 45384 in the office and $203.66 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.

$543.37Office (non-facility)
$203.66Hospital or facility
+0.7%vs the national office rate ($539.42)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 45384 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 45384 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Virgin Islands, VI
  2. What 45384 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 45384 covers

During flexible colonoscopy, the endoscopist removes a polyp or other lesion using hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery. Gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons commonly perform this in an endoscopy center or hospital outpatient department; it may also be performed in an appropriately equipped office. For example, a polyp treated with cautery during the examination is reported by the removal method, not as a diagnostic-only examination.

Select this code when the documented removal technique is hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery; a snare removal is reported with a different code. The procedure note should identify the lesion and document the technique used. The diagnostic examination is part of the therapeutic colonoscopy, rather than a separate diagnostic service for that same examination. This minor procedure has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When related endoscopies are performed together, CMS endoscopy family pricing applies. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service, and co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Virgin Islands, VI compares for 45384

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 45384 runs from $475.05 in Arkansas to $715.37 in San Benito County, CA. Virgin Islands, VI pays $543.37. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

45384 in Virgin Islands, VI vs other payment areas
  1. Virgin Islands, VI · this page$543.37
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$608.74+$65.37
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$617.68+$74.31
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$586.42+$43.05
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$568.67+$25.30
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$622.46+$79.09
  7. Alaska · Alaska$621.70+$78.33

Other areas in United States Virgin Islands first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

45384 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$482.28$188.26
ArkansasArkansas$475.05$186.42
ArizonaArizona$524.51$198.91
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$571.08$202.81
Chico, CACalifornia$569.32$201.05
El Centro, CACalifornia$569.43$201.16
Fresno, CACalifornia$569.32$201.05
Hanford, CACalifornia$569.32$201.05

45384 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$475.05

$642.35

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
45384 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$621.701
AL$482.281
AR$475.051
AZ$524.511
CA$569.32–$715.3729
CO$561.291
CT$576.111
DC$617.681
DE$533.391
FL$532.67–$586.423
GA$501.60–$550.102
GU$583.791
HI$583.791
IA$494.291
ID$497.771
IL$517.27–$568.674
IN$500.741
KS$492.221
KY$494.801
LA$494.13–$519.402
MA$557.89–$617.592
MD$543.72–$617.683
ME$500.81–$528.432
MI$508.43–$539.882
MN$536.291
MO$485.56–$520.923
MS$480.391
MT$539.381
NC$506.181
ND$527.321
NE$497.001
NH$552.721
NJ$582.26–$611.002
NM$511.441
NV$536.411
NY$514.05–$638.415
OH$505.971
OK$493.531
OR$531.83–$579.232
PA$506.62–$561.592
PR$543.371
RI$552.501
SC$507.001
SD$525.901
TN$494.821
TX$503.20–$559.788
UT$514.161
VA$526.86–$617.682
VI$543.371
VT$525.501
WA$556.76–$630.052
WI$509.091
WV$497.581
WY$534.131

See 45384 in every payment locality

How the 45384 rate is calculated

Each of 45384’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 45384

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work3.97

3.97 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense11.57

11.57 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.61

0.61 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

16.1500

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$539.42

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Virgin Islands, VI inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

5,519

Code
45384
Physician work
3.97
Practice expense
11.57
Malpractice
0.61

GPCI2026.csv

107

Locality
Virgin Islands, VI
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.011
Malpractice
0.985
Office calculation for 45384 in Virgin Islands, VI
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work3.97× 1.0003.9700
Practice expense11.57× 1.01111.6973
Malpractice0.61× 0.9850.6008
Total RVUs16.2681
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Virgin Islands, VI$543.37

Office: (3.97 × 1 + 11.57 × 1.011 + 0.61 × 0.985) × $33.4009 = $543.37

Facility: (3.97 × 1 + 1.51 × 1.011 + 0.61 × 0.985) × $33.4009 = $203.66

Open 45384 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 45384

The CMS indicators that decide how 45384 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 45384

Colonoscopy polyp removal, hot biopsy or bipolar cautery

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures3Endoscopy family rules apply.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)1Not paid (statutory restriction).
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

45384 without 51 · national office

$539.42

Colonoscopy polyp removal, hot biopsy or bipolar cautery

45384-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$269.71

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

Codes related to 45384

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 45384
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Virgin Islands, VI
Used instead
45385Snare polypectomy, during colonoscopyColonoscopy lesion removal by snare rather than hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery.$503.43
45378Colonoscopy, diagnostic, no tissue removalDiagnostic colonoscopy when no therapeutic lesion removal is performed.$380.73
45390Colonoscopy, mucosal lesion resectionColonoscopy lesion resection using a different, more extensive endoscopic technique.No office rate
Same family
45380Colonoscopy with biopsy, single or multiple forceps biopsiesColonoscopy service for tissue sampling by biopsy rather than cautery removal.$483.61

How 45384 has changed in Virgin Islands, VI

45384 · Office / nonfacility

$543.37

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $74.45 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $468.92 to $543.37 (15.9%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $468.92changed to$543.37

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 4.07 changed to 3.97
    • Practice expense RVU 9.74 changed to 11.57
    • Malpractice RVU 0.63 changed to 0.61
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.011
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.982 changed to 0.985

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $488.61changed to$468.92

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 9.93 changed to 9.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.62 changed to 0.63

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $480.63changed to$488.61

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $500.20changed to$480.63

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 10.03 changed to 9.93
    • Malpractice RVU 0.59 changed to 0.62
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.008 changed to 1.007
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.984 changed to 0.982

  5. October 1, 2023

    RVU23D

    $497.80changed to$500.20

    • Practice expense GPCI 1.000 changed to 1.008
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.000 changed to 0.984

  6. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $520.62changed to$497.80

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 10.30 changed to 10.03
    • Malpractice RVU 0.60 changed to 0.59
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.008 changed to 1.000
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.986 changed to 1.000

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C.

  7. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $521.09changed to$520.62

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 10.23 changed to 10.30
    • Malpractice RVU 0.56 changed to 0.60

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  8. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $490.62changed to$521.09

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 8.90 changed to 10.23
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.988 changed to 0.986

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  9. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $475.10changed to$490.62

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 8.44 changed to 8.90
    • Malpractice RVU 0.62 changed to 0.56
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.008
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.990 changed to 0.988

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  10. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $463.70changed to$475.10

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 8.14 changed to 8.44

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  11. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $459.52changed to$463.70

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 8.07 changed to 8.14
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.006 changed to 1.007
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.993 changed to 0.990

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  12. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $508.96changed to$459.52

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 4.17 changed to 4.07
    • Practice expense RVU 9.81 changed to 8.07
    • Malpractice RVU 0.63 changed to 0.62
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.960 changed to 1.006
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.996 changed to 0.993

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  13. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $463.39changed to$508.96

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Work RVU 4.69 changed to 4.17
    • Practice expense RVU 7.78 changed to 9.81
    • Malpractice RVU 0.74 changed to 0.63

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  14. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $461.09changed to$463.39

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  15. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $471.90changed to$461.09

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 7.75 changed to 7.78
    • Malpractice RVU 0.70 changed to 0.74
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.004 changed to 0.960
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.003 changed to 0.996

    Held through RVU15B.

  16. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $487.38changed to$471.90

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 8.88 changed to 7.75
    • Malpractice RVU 0.73 changed to 0.70
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.002 changed to 1.004
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.010 changed to 1.003

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  17. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $487.38

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$543.37$203.66RVU26D
2026-07-01$543.37$203.66RVU26C
2026-04-01$543.37$203.66RVU26B
2026-01-01$543.37$203.66RVU26A
2025-10-01$468.92$219.09RVU25D
2025-07-01$468.92$219.09RVU25C
2025-04-01$468.92$219.09RVU25B
2025-01-01$468.92$219.09RVU25A
2024-10-01$488.61$224.46RVU24D
2024-07-01$488.61$224.46RVU24C
2024-04-01$488.61$224.46RVU24B
2024-03-09$488.61$224.46RVU24AR
2024-01-01$480.63$220.80RVU24A
2023-10-01$500.20$226.94RVU23D
2023-07-01$497.80$226.71RVU23C
2023-04-01$497.80$226.71RVU23B
2023-01-01$497.80$226.71RVU23A
2022-10-01$520.62$232.13RVU22D
2022-07-01$520.62$232.13RVU22C
2022-04-01$520.62$232.13RVU22B
2022-01-01$520.62$232.13RVU22A
2021-10-01$521.09$231.98RVU21D
2021-07-01$521.09$231.98RVU21C
2021-04-01$521.09$231.98RVU21B
2021-01-01$521.09$231.98RVU21A
2020-10-01$490.62$238.52RVU20D
2020-07-01$490.62$238.52RVU20C
2020-04-01$490.62$238.52RVU20B
2020-01-01$490.62$238.52RVU20A
2019-10-01$475.10$241.02RVU19D
2019-07-01$475.10$241.02RVU19C
2019-04-01$475.10$241.02RVU19B
2019-01-01$475.10$241.02RVU19A
2018-10-01$463.70$241.84RVU18D
2018-07-01$463.70$241.84RVU18C
2018-04-01$463.70$241.84RVU18B
2018-01-01$463.70$241.84RVU18AR1
2017-10-01$459.52$241.09RVU17D
2017-07-01$459.52$241.09RVU17C
2017-04-01$459.52$241.09RVU17B
2017-01-01$459.52$241.09RVU17A
2016-10-01$508.96$242.58RVU16D
2016-07-01$508.96$242.58RVU16C
2016-04-01$508.96$242.58RVU16B
2016-01-01$508.96$242.58RVU16A
2015-10-01$463.39$275.39RVU15D
2015-07-01$463.39$275.39RVU15C
2015-04-01$461.09$274.02RVU15B
2015-01-01$461.09$274.02RVU15A
2014-10-01$471.90$277.68RVU14D
2014-07-01$471.90$277.68RVU14C
2014-04-01$471.90$277.68RVU14B
2014-01-01$471.90$277.68RVU14A
2013-10-01$487.38$274.99RVU13D
2013-07-01$487.38$274.99RVU13C
2013-04-01$487.38$274.99RVU13B
2013-01-01$487.38$274.99RVU13AR

Price 45384 for an earlier date of service

Where the Virgin Islands, VI rate applies

Virgin Islands, VI is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 10 cities and communities in United States Virgin Islands. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Charlotte Amalie
  • Charlotte Amalie East
  • Charlotte Amalie West
  • Christiansted
  • Coral Bay
  • Cruz Bay
  • Frederiksted
  • Frederiksted Southeast

Browse all communities in United States Virgin Islands

45384 billing questions

When should 45384 be chosen over 45385?

Use 45384 when the lesion is removed with hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery. Use 45385 when the documented removal method is a snare.

Can the diagnostic colonoscopy also be reported?

The diagnostic inspection is included when the colonoscopy proceeds to lesion removal during the same examination. Do not separately report 45378 for that same examination.

How does 45384 differ from a colonoscopy biopsy?

45384 represents lesion removal by cautery technique. Use 45380 when the service is tissue sampling by biopsy rather than removal using the 45384 technique.

What documentation supports reporting 45384?

The procedure note should identify the lesion and state that hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery was used to remove it. The documented technique distinguishes this code from snare removal.

Can an assistant surgeon or co-surgeon be reported?

Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery for this service. Co-surgeon and team-surgery billing are not permitted.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 45384PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 5,519 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for Virgin Islands, VIGPCI2026.csv, line 107 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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