CPT code 51703: Bladder catheter, complicated insertion2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Report this service for difficult placement of a temporary indwelling bladder catheter, such as when obstruction or altered anatomy complicates insertion.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $150.10 for 51703 in the office and $63.26 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 51703 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 51703 covers
This service covers placement of a temporary indwelling catheter when insertion is complicated, rather than routine catheterization. Situations may include urethral obstruction, stricture, or altered anatomy from prior surgery. Urologists and other qualified clinicians may perform it in an office, emergency department, or hospital when a standard catheter placement is difficult. The documentation should explain the reason for difficulty and the work involved in achieving placement.
Report the complicated insertion instead of a simple catheter-placement code when the documented circumstances support the added complexity. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this service. Medicare does not pay an assistant at surgery, and co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 51703
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 51703 runs from $137.11 in Arkansas to $200.91 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $150.10. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$150.10
- Los Angeles, CA · California$172.48+$22.38
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$175.44+$25.34
- Miami, FL · Florida$168.12+$18.02
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$163.37+$13.27
- Manhattan, NY · New York$177.32+$27.22
- Alaska · Alaska$181.86+$31.76
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $139.03 | $63.05 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $137.11 | $62.51 |
| ArizonaArizona | $150.29 | $66.14 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $162.36 | $67.18 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $161.83 | $66.65 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $186.06 | $71.61 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $171.49 | $68.85 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $163.86 | $68.68 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $169.42 | $68.42 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $168.78 | $68.13 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $172.48 | $68.61 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $196.50 | $74.05 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $196.28 | $73.84 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $200.91 | $75.68 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $200.03 | $74.80 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $166.11 | $67.19 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $173.91 | $68.40 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $169.34 | $68.08 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $175.65 | $69.00 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $185.75 | $71.29 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $161.80 | $66.62 |
| ColoradoColorado | $159.91 | $67.51 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $164.32 | $70.79 |
| DelawareDelaware | $152.71 | $66.91 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $160.74 | $72.77 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $153.10 | $70.07 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $157.33 | $69.10 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $144.71 | $67.25 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $165.37 | $66.63 |
| IowaIowa | $141.97 | $62.51 |
| IdahoIdaho | $142.95 | $63.06 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $152.73 | $72.84 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $149.17 | $69.88 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $162.25 | $73.06 |
| IndianaIndiana | $143.74 | $63.23 |
| KansasKansas | $141.54 | $63.04 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $142.65 | $65.45 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $149.26 | $67.54 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $142.52 | $65.67 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $175.01 | $71.32 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $159.10 | $67.65 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $163.90 | $70.71 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $155.47 | $67.59 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $143.90 | $64.00 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $151.07 | $65.01 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $155.16 | $71.36 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $146.41 | $67.13 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $152.75 | $63.39 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $148.05 | $66.51 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $149.52 | $66.84 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $140.32 | $65.46 |
| MississippiMississippi | $138.73 | $63.96 |
| MontanaMontana | $154.30 | $67.46 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $145.31 | $64.28 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $150.54 | $63.70 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $142.65 | $62.49 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $157.63 | $67.22 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $173.79 | $73.05 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $166.06 | $71.23 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $147.27 | $67.64 |
| NevadaNevada | $153.35 | $66.42 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $181.75 | $78.49 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $167.31 | $72.22 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $178.41 | $75.76 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $147.42 | $64.92 |
| OhioOhio | $145.65 | $66.36 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $142.18 | $64.63 |
| Portland, OROregon | $164.57 | $68.09 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $152.03 | $65.53 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $160.51 | $70.10 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $145.75 | $66.03 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $155.32 | $67.52 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $157.84 | $68.13 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $145.74 | $65.50 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $142.26 | $63.32 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $159.50 | $67.62 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $144.84 | $65.82 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $152.40 | $66.34 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $153.44 | $66.95 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $152.52 | $66.89 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $152.90 | $66.67 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $156.38 | $70.14 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $148.59 | $66.17 |
| UtahUtah | $147.65 | $66.02 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $150.74 | $65.38 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $155.32 | $67.52 |
| VermontVermont | $150.18 | $64.20 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $158.73 | $67.28 |
| King County, WAWashington | $178.28 | $71.73 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $145.71 | $62.52 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $143.92 | $68.45 |
| WyomingWyoming | $152.66 | $65.82 |
51703 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$137.11
$181.86
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $181.86 | 1 |
| AL | $139.03 | 1 |
| AR | $137.11 | 1 |
| AZ | $150.29 | 1 |
| CA | $161.80–$200.91 | 29 |
| CO | $159.91 | 1 |
| CT | $164.32 | 1 |
| DC | $175.44 | 1 |
| DE | $152.71 | 1 |
| FL | $153.10–$168.12 | 3 |
| GA | $144.71–$157.33 | 2 |
| GU | $165.37 | 1 |
| HI | $165.37 | 1 |
| IA | $141.97 | 1 |
| ID | $142.95 | 1 |
| IL | $149.17–$163.37 | 4 |
| IN | $143.74 | 1 |
| KS | $141.54 | 1 |
| KY | $142.65 | 1 |
| LA | $142.52–$149.26 | 2 |
| MA | $159.10–$175.01 | 2 |
| MD | $155.47–$175.44 | 3 |
| ME | $143.90–$151.07 | 2 |
| MI | $146.41–$155.16 | 2 |
| MN | $152.75 | 1 |
| MO | $140.32–$149.52 | 3 |
| MS | $138.73 | 1 |
| MT | $154.30 | 1 |
| NC | $145.31 | 1 |
| ND | $150.54 | 1 |
| NE | $142.65 | 1 |
| NH | $157.63 | 1 |
| NJ | $166.06–$173.79 | 2 |
| NM | $147.27 | 1 |
| NV | $153.35 | 1 |
| NY | $147.42–$181.75 | 5 |
| OH | $145.65 | 1 |
| OK | $142.18 | 1 |
| OR | $152.03–$164.57 | 2 |
| PA | $145.75–$160.51 | 2 |
| PR | $155.32 | 1 |
| RI | $157.84 | 1 |
| SC | $145.74 | 1 |
| SD | $150.10 | 1 |
| TN | $142.26 | 1 |
| TX | $144.84–$159.50 | 8 |
| UT | $147.65 | 1 |
| VA | $150.74–$175.44 | 2 |
| VI | $155.32 | 1 |
| VT | $150.18 | 1 |
| WA | $158.73–$178.28 | 2 |
| WI | $145.71 | 1 |
| WV | $143.92 | 1 |
| WY | $152.66 | 1 |
How the 51703 rate is calculated
Each of 51703’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 51703
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.43
1.43 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense3.00
3.00 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.19
0.19 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
4.6200
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$154.31
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
6,048
- Code
- 51703
- Physician work
- 1.43
- Practice expense
- 3.00
- Malpractice
- 0.19
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.43 | × 1.000 | 1.4300 |
| Practice expense | 3.00 | × 1.000 | 3.0000 |
| Malpractice | 0.19 | × 0.336 | 0.0638 |
| Total RVUs | 4.4938 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$150.10
Office: (1.43 × 1 + 3 × 1 + 0.19 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $150.10
Facility: (1.43 × 1 + 0.4 × 1 + 0.19 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $63.26
Payment rules and modifiers for 51703
The CMS indicators that decide how 51703 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 51703
Bladder catheter, complicated insertion
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 1 | Not paid (statutory restriction). |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 51 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
51703 without 51 · national office
$154.31
Bladder catheter, complicated insertion
51703-51 · Second procedure: 50%
$77.16
When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).
How 51703 has changed in South Dakota
51703 · Office / nonfacility
$150.10
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $10.20 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $139.90 to $150.10 (7.3%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$139.90changed to$150.10
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 1.47 changed to 1.43
- Practice expense RVU 2.79 changed to 3.00
- Malpractice RVU 0.17 changed to 0.19
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$145.76changed to$139.90
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.84 changed to 2.79
- Malpractice RVU 0.18 changed to 0.17
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$143.38changed to$145.76
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$147.94changed to$143.38
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.83 changed to 2.84
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$151.43changed to$147.94
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.84 changed to 2.83
- Malpractice RVU 0.19 changed to 0.18
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$148.61changed to$151.43
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.73 changed to 2.84
- Malpractice RVU 0.17 changed to 0.19
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$139.53changed to$148.61
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.33 changed to 2.73
- Malpractice RVU 0.18 changed to 0.17
- Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$132.70changed to$139.53
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.15 changed to 2.33
- Malpractice RVU 0.16 changed to 0.18
- Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$126.80changed to$132.70
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 1.99 changed to 2.15
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$124.29changed to$126.80
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 1.93 changed to 1.99
- Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$128.32changed to$124.29
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 2.05 changed to 1.93
- Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$128.79changed to$128.32
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$128.14changed to$128.79
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$126.96changed to$128.14
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 2.02 changed to 2.05
- Malpractice RVU 0.13 changed to 0.16
- Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$126.58changed to$126.96
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 2.19 changed to 2.02
- Malpractice RVU 0.14 changed to 0.13
- Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $126.58
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $150.10 | $63.26 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $150.10 | $63.26 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $150.10 | $63.26 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $150.10 | $63.26 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $139.90 | $70.03 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $139.90 | $70.03 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $139.90 | $70.03 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $139.90 | $70.03 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $145.76 | $71.53 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $145.76 | $71.53 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $145.76 | $71.53 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $145.76 | $71.53 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $143.38 | $70.36 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $147.94 | $72.37 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $147.94 | $72.37 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $147.94 | $72.37 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $147.94 | $72.37 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $151.43 | $73.22 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $151.43 | $73.22 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $151.43 | $73.22 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $151.43 | $73.22 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $148.61 | $73.59 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $148.61 | $73.59 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $148.61 | $73.59 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $148.61 | $73.59 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $139.53 | $76.37 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $139.53 | $76.37 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $139.53 | $76.37 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $139.53 | $76.37 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $132.70 | $76.84 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $132.70 | $76.84 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $132.70 | $76.84 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $132.70 | $76.84 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $126.80 | $76.76 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $126.80 | $76.76 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $126.80 | $76.76 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $126.80 | $76.76 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $124.29 | $76.20 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $124.29 | $76.20 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $124.29 | $76.20 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $124.29 | $76.20 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $128.32 | $80.34 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $128.32 | $80.34 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $128.32 | $80.34 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $128.32 | $80.34 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $128.79 | $80.63 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $128.79 | $80.63 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $128.14 | $80.23 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $128.14 | $80.23 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $126.96 | $80.03 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $126.96 | $80.03 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $126.96 | $80.03 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $126.96 | $80.03 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $126.58 | $77.25 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $126.58 | $77.25 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $126.58 | $77.25 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $126.58 | $77.25 | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
51703 billing questions
What distinguishes this service from routine Foley placement?
The insertion must be complicated, for example by obstruction or altered anatomy. Routine temporary indwelling catheter placement is reported with 51702.
When is 51701 a better choice?
Use 51701 for simple insertion of a non-indwelling catheter, such as straight catheterization to obtain residual urine. This code describes complicated placement of a temporary indwelling catheter.
What documentation supports complicated insertion?
Document the reason ordinary placement was difficult, such as obstruction or altered anatomy, and the circumstances and work involved in catheter placement.
Can modifier 50 be reported?
No. The CMS bilateral adjustment does not apply, and modifier 50 is inappropriate for this service.
How does the multiple-procedure reduction affect payment?
For procedures performed in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the other procedures are subject to the standard 50% reduction.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
Fee sheets · Coming soon
Put 51703 and the rest of your codes on one sheet
Your codes at your locality, with payer contracts beside Medicare.
Join the waitlist