CPT code 61585: Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Puerto Rico
Reports an intradural orbitocranial route to the anterior cranial fossa when surgery requires access through the orbit and cranium.
In Puerto Rico, Medicare pays $3,260.59 for 61585 in a facility. There’s no office rate.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 61585 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 61585 covers
This code describes an operative route to the anterior cranial fossa that combines orbital and cranial access and enters the dura. Neurosurgeons and craniofacial teams may use this approach for lesions involving the anterior skull base and orbit, such as selected meningiomas. The operative approach is distinct from the definitive work on the lesion; the operative report should make the route and intradural access clear.
Report the code when the documented operation supports this intradural orbitocranial approach, rather than an extradural variant or a different skull-base route. It has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Modifier 50 identifies bilateral surgery and is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Puerto Rico compares for 61585
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 61585 runs from $2,790.45 in Arkansas to $4,202.63 in Miami, FL. Puerto Rico pays $3,260.59. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Puerto Rico · this page$3,260.59
- Los Angeles, CA · California$3,350.37+$89.78
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$3,624.73+$364.14
- Miami, FL · Florida$4,202.63+$942.04
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$4,029.19+$768.60
- Manhattan, NY · New York$3,894.85+$634.26
- Alaska · Alaska$3,769.17+$508.58
Other areas in Puerto Rico first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | — | $2,840.83 |
| ArkansasArkansas | — | $2,790.45 |
| ArizonaArizona | — | $3,131.19 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | — | $3,176.01 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | — | $3,133.45 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | — | $3,462.87 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | — | $3,307.07 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | — | $3,317.41 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | — | $3,242.87 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | — | $3,230.80 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | — | $3,280.42 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | — | $3,596.66 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | — | $3,576.76 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | — | $3,703.59 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | — | $3,622.25 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | — | $3,185.72 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | — | $3,288.82 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | — | $3,235.62 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | — | $3,317.98 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | — | $3,434.20 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | — | $3,130.52 |
| ColoradoColorado | — | $3,225.88 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | — | $3,504.71 |
| DelawareDelaware | — | $3,187.68 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | — | $3,744.77 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | — | $3,493.12 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | — | $3,397.57 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | — | $3,228.98 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | — | $3,184.74 |
| IowaIowa | — | $2,793.28 |
| IdahoIdaho | — | $2,844.17 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | — | $3,745.94 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | — | $3,473.04 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | — | $3,751.38 |
| IndianaIndiana | — | $2,860.76 |
| KansasKansas | — | $2,841.78 |
| KentuckyKentucky | — | $3,063.03 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | — | $3,259.10 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | — | $3,083.06 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | — | $3,496.74 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | — | $3,226.67 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | — | $3,509.83 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | — | $3,236.53 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | — | $2,931.36 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | — | $3,027.77 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | — | $3,611.76 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | — | $3,219.07 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | — | $2,880.51 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | — | $3,163.49 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | — | $3,194.81 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | — | $3,062.90 |
| MississippiMississippi | — | $2,924.10 |
| MontanaMontana | — | $3,254.08 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | — | $2,958.00 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | — | $2,907.65 |
| NebraskaNebraska | — | $2,792.43 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | — | $3,234.73 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $3,587.77 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | — | $3,485.56 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | — | $3,266.34 |
| NevadaNevada | — | $3,158.81 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | — | $4,088.09 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | — | $3,562.47 |
| Queens, NYNew York | — | $3,836.25 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | — | $3,017.27 |
| OhioOhio | — | $3,148.26 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | — | $2,987.41 |
| Portland, OROregon | — | $3,270.11 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | — | $3,076.32 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | — | $3,445.78 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | — | $3,117.81 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | — | $3,260.75 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | — | $3,069.92 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | — | $2,866.69 |
| TennesseeTennessee | — | $2,867.50 |
| Austin, TXTexas | — | $3,265.76 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | — | $3,098.18 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | — | $3,126.05 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | — | $3,179.50 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | — | $3,174.27 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | — | $3,156.71 |
| Houston, TXTexas | — | $3,477.39 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | — | $3,133.03 |
| UtahUtah | — | $3,118.55 |
| VirginiaVirginia | — | $3,061.39 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | — | $3,260.59 |
| VermontVermont | — | $2,953.33 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | — | $3,201.45 |
| King County, WAWashington | — | $3,508.86 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | — | $2,796.39 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | — | $3,339.31 |
| WyomingWyoming | — | $3,103.10 |
61585 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
How the 61585 rate is calculated
Each of 61585’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 61585
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work41.51
41.51 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense38.43
38.43 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice17.52
17.52 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
97.4600
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$3,255.25
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Puerto Rico inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
6,826
- Code
- 61585
- Physician work
- 41.51
- Practice expense
- 38.43
- Malpractice
- 17.52
GPCI2026.csv
91
- Locality
- Puerto Rico
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.011
- Malpractice
- 0.985
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 41.51 | × 1.000 | 41.5100 |
| Practice expense | 38.43 | × 1.011 | 38.8527 |
| Malpractice | 17.52 | × 0.985 | 17.2572 |
| Total RVUs | 97.6199 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Facility rate, Puerto Rico$3260.59
Facility: (41.51 × 1 + 38.43 × 1.011 + 17.52 × 0.985) × $33.4009 = $3260.59
Payment rules and modifiers for 61585
61585 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.
CMS payment indicators · 61585
Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 090 | Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included. |
| Multiple procedures | 2 | Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 1 | Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 2 | Paid. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 1 | Permitted with supporting documentation. |
| Team surgery (66) | 2 | Permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 0 | Physician service: no professional/technical split. |
| Split (54/55/56) | 0.11/0.76/0.13 | Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care. |
Global surgery period · 61585
Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa
90-day global period ends
Dec 30, 2026
Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).
Visit on Oct 31, 2026
Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.
Pre-op dayGlobal period
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 50 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
61585 without 50 · national facility
$3,255.25
Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa
61585-50 · Bilateral: 150%
$4,882.88
Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).
How 61585 has changed in Puerto Rico
61585 · Office / nonfacility
Rate unavailable
Effective 2026-10-01
A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,260.59 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,260.59 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,260.59 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,260.59 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,207.12 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,207.12 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,207.12 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,207.12 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,307.59 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,307.59 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,307.59 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | Not available in this setting | $3,307.59 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,253.61 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,360.90 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,359.58 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,359.58 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,359.58 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,406.19 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,406.19 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,406.19 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,406.19 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,404.59 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,404.59 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,404.59 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,404.59 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,397.93 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,397.93 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,397.93 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,397.93 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,432.80 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,432.80 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,432.80 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,432.80 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,381.00 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,381.00 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,381.00 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $3,381.00 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,933.95 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,933.95 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,933.95 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,933.95 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,580.13 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,580.13 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,580.13 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,580.13 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,593.95 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,593.95 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,581.04 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,581.04 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,540.88 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,540.88 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,540.88 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,540.88 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,474.44 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,474.44 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,474.44 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Not available in this setting | $2,474.44 | RVU13AR |
Where the Puerto Rico rate applies
Puerto Rico is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 292 cities and communities in Puerto Rico. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aceitunas
- Adjuntas
- Aguada
- Aguadilla
- Aguas Buenas
- Aguas Claras
- Aguilita
- Aibonito
61585 billing questions
How is this code distinguished from 61584?
61585 describes the intradural orbitocranial approach to the anterior cranial fossa. 61584 is the extradural approach.
Does this code describe removal of the lesion?
It identifies the operative approach, not the pathology or definitive lesion work. The operative report should support the approach, and any separately reported lesion procedure must be documented.
What documentation supports reporting 61585?
Document the anterior cranial fossa target, the orbitocranial route, and entry into the dura. The operative details should distinguish it from an extradural approach or another skull-base route.
How does the 90-day global period affect billing?
The day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included in the global period.
Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?
Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is permitted.
How is bilateral surgery handled?
For a bilateral procedure reported with modifier 50, CMS pays at 150%.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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