CPT code 61585: Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Puerto Rico

Reports an intradural orbitocranial route to the anterior cranial fossa when surgery requires access through the orbit and cranium.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality20 Medicare services in 2024

In Puerto Rico, Medicare pays $3,260.59 for 61585 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$3,260.59Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 61585 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 61585 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Puerto Rico
  2. What 61585 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 61585 covers

This code describes an operative route to the anterior cranial fossa that combines orbital and cranial access and enters the dura. Neurosurgeons and craniofacial teams may use this approach for lesions involving the anterior skull base and orbit, such as selected meningiomas. The operative approach is distinct from the definitive work on the lesion; the operative report should make the route and intradural access clear.

Report the code when the documented operation supports this intradural orbitocranial approach, rather than an extradural variant or a different skull-base route. It has a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. When multiple procedures occur in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Modifier 50 identifies bilateral surgery and is paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Puerto Rico compares for 61585

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 61585 runs from $2,790.45 in Arkansas to $4,202.63 in Miami, FL. Puerto Rico pays $3,260.59. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

61585 in Puerto Rico vs other payment areas
  1. Puerto Rico · this page$3,260.59
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$3,350.37+$89.78
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$3,624.73+$364.14
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$4,202.63+$942.04
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$4,029.19+$768.60
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$3,894.85+$634.26
  7. Alaska · Alaska$3,769.17+$508.58

Other areas in Puerto Rico first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

61585 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama—$2,840.83
ArkansasArkansas—$2,790.45
ArizonaArizona—$3,131.19
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$3,176.01
Chico, CACalifornia—$3,130.52
El Centro, CACalifornia—$3,133.45
Fresno, CACalifornia—$3,130.52
Hanford, CACalifornia—$3,130.52

61585 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
61585 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 61585 in every payment locality

How the 61585 rate is calculated

Each of 61585’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 61585

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work41.51

41.51 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense38.43

38.43 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice17.52

17.52 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

97.4600

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$3,255.25

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Puerto Rico inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

6,826

Code
61585
Physician work
41.51
Practice expense
38.43
Malpractice
17.52

GPCI2026.csv

91

Locality
Puerto Rico
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.011
Malpractice
0.985
Facility calculation for 61585 in Puerto Rico
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work41.51× 1.00041.5100
Practice expense38.43× 1.01138.8527
Malpractice17.52× 0.98517.2572
Total RVUs97.6199
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Puerto Rico$3260.59

Facility: (41.51 × 1 + 38.43 × 1.011 + 17.52 × 0.985) × $33.4009 = $3260.59

Open 61585 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 61585

61585 has a 90-day global period: related visits in that window are included in the surgery payment.

CMS payment indicators · 61585

Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period090Major surgery: the day before, the day of, and 90 days after are included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)1Bilateral with modifier 50 pays 150% of the fee schedule amount.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)2Paid.
Co-surgeons (62)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Team surgery (66)2Permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.
Split (54/55/56)0.11/0.76/0.13Share of the payment for pre-op, the procedure itself, and post-op care.

Global surgery period · 61585

Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa

90-day global period ends

Dec 30, 2026

Covers Sep 30, 2026 through Dec 30, 2026 (92 days, including the day before surgery).

Visit on Oct 31, 2026

Day 30 of the 90-day post-op period: related follow-up care is included in the surgical payment.

  • 24Unrelated E/M visit by the same physician
  • 79Unrelated procedure (starts its own global period)
  • 58Staged, more extensive, or therapy procedure that was planned
  • 78Unplanned return to the operating room for a related complication
SurgeryVisit
Sep 23, 2026Jan 10, 2027

Pre-op dayGlobal period

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 50 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

61585 without 50 · national facility

$3,255.25

Orbitocranial approach, intradural, anterior cranial fossa

61585-50 · Bilateral: 150%

$4,882.88

Both sides on one line with modifier 50 are paid at 150% of the fee schedule amount (subject to multiple-procedure rules with other procedures).

When to use modifier 50

How 61585 has changed in Puerto Rico

61585 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$3,260.59RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$3,260.59RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$3,260.59RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$3,260.59RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$3,207.12RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$3,207.12RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$3,207.12RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$3,207.12RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$3,307.59RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$3,307.59RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$3,307.59RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$3,307.59RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$3,253.61RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$3,360.90RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$3,359.58RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$3,359.58RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$3,359.58RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$3,406.19RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$3,406.19RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$3,406.19RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$3,406.19RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$3,404.59RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$3,404.59RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$3,404.59RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$3,404.59RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$3,397.93RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$3,397.93RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$3,397.93RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$3,397.93RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$3,432.80RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$3,432.80RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$3,432.80RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$3,432.80RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$3,381.00RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$3,381.00RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$3,381.00RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$3,381.00RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$2,933.95RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$2,933.95RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$2,933.95RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$2,933.95RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$2,580.13RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$2,580.13RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$2,580.13RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$2,580.13RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$2,593.95RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$2,593.95RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$2,581.04RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$2,581.04RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$2,540.88RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$2,540.88RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$2,540.88RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$2,540.88RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this setting$2,474.44RVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this setting$2,474.44RVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this setting$2,474.44RVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this setting$2,474.44RVU13AR

Price 61585 for an earlier date of service

Where the Puerto Rico rate applies

Puerto Rico is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 292 cities and communities in Puerto Rico. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aceitunas
  • Adjuntas
  • Aguada
  • Aguadilla
  • Aguas Buenas
  • Aguas Claras
  • Aguilita
  • Aibonito

Browse all communities in Puerto Rico

61585 billing questions

How is this code distinguished from 61584?

61585 describes the intradural orbitocranial approach to the anterior cranial fossa. 61584 is the extradural approach.

Does this code describe removal of the lesion?

It identifies the operative approach, not the pathology or definitive lesion work. The operative report should support the approach, and any separately reported lesion procedure must be documented.

What documentation supports reporting 61585?

Document the anterior cranial fossa target, the orbitocranial route, and entry into the dura. The operative details should distinguish it from an extradural approach or another skull-base route.

How does the 90-day global period affect billing?

The day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included in the global period.

Can an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment may be available. Co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation; team surgery is permitted.

How is bilateral surgery handled?

For a bilateral procedure reported with modifier 50, CMS pays at 150%.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 61585PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 6,826 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for Puerto RicoGPCI2026.csv, line 91 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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