CPT code 72100: Lumbar spine X-ray, two or three views2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Iowa

Plain-film radiographic exam of the lumbosacral spine with two or three views, typically AP and lateral, for low back pain, trauma, or postoperative checks.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality1.7M Medicare services in 2024

In Iowa, Medicare pays $37.23 for 72100 in the office.

$37.23Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−7.9%vs the national office rate ($40.42)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 72100 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 72100 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Iowa
  2. What 72100 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 72100 covers

This study images the lumbar vertebrae and lumbosacral junction with two or three plain radiographic views. A common set is an AP and a lateral, sometimes with a coned-down lateral spot of L5-S1 as the third view. Primary care, orthopedic, spine, emergency, and pain management clinicians may order it for back pain, suspected fracture, spondylolisthesis, degenerative change, or hardware position after fusion. A radiologic technologist acquires the images in an office, imaging center, emergency department, or hospital outpatient department; a radiologist or treating physician interprets them.

Code selection depends on the views actually obtained. A standard series with four or more views is reported with 72110; a complete study including bending views requires at least six views for 72114, while bending views alone are reported with 72120. Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation and signed report; modifier TC identifies the equipment, supplies, and technologist portion. When the same billing entity provides both portions, it reports the global service without either modifier. For hospital films, the reading physician typically reports modifier 26, while the hospital bills for image acquisition. The report should identify the views and findings.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Iowa compares for 72100

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 72100 runs from $35.48 in Arkansas to $55.34 in San Benito County, CA. Iowa pays $37.23. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

72100 in Iowa vs other payment areas
  1. Iowa · this page$37.23
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$46.47+$9.24
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$46.70+$9.47
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$42.78+$5.55
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$41.49+$4.26
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$46.56+$9.33
  7. Alaska · Alaska$45.75+$8.52

Other areas in Iowa first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

72100 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$36.03—
ArkansasArkansas$35.48—
ArizonaArizona$39.30—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$43.43—
Chico, CACalifornia$43.37—
El Centro, CACalifornia$43.37—
Fresno, CACalifornia$43.37—
Hanford, CACalifornia$43.37—

72100 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$35.48

$49.36

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
72100 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$45.751
AL$36.031
AR$35.481
AZ$39.301
CA$43.37–$55.3429
CO$42.451
CT$43.221
DC$46.701
DE$39.991
FL$39.31–$42.783
GA$37.01–$41.092
GU$44.621
HI$44.621
IA$37.231
ID$37.441
IL$37.94–$41.864
IN$37.681
KS$36.941
KY$36.721
LA$36.62–$38.572
MA$42.13–$46.982
MD$40.82–$46.703
ME$37.54–$39.872
MI$37.65–$39.732
MN$40.891
MO$35.88–$38.853
MS$35.691
MT$40.411
NC$37.981
ND$40.021
NE$37.481
NH$41.671
NJ$43.77–$46.142
NM$37.831
NV$40.341
NY$38.58–$47.625
OH$37.571
OK$36.761
OR$40.09–$43.992
PA$37.69–$42.012
PR$40.771
RI$41.561
SC$37.831
SD$39.971
TN$37.131
TX$37.42–$42.258
UT$38.381
VA$39.66–$46.702
VI$40.771
VT$39.761
WA$42.08–$48.072
WI$38.581
WV$36.411
WY$40.241

See 72100 in every payment locality

How the 72100 rate is calculated

Each of 72100’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 72100

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.21

0.21 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense0.98

0.98 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.02

0.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

1.2100

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$40.42

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Iowa inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

7,973

Code
72100
Physician work
0.21
Practice expense
0.98
Malpractice
0.02

GPCI2026.csv

53

Locality
Iowa
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.915
Malpractice
0.397
Office calculation for 72100 in Iowa
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.21× 1.0000.2100
Practice expense0.98× 0.9150.8967
Malpractice0.02× 0.3970.0079
Total RVUs1.1146
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Iowa$37.23

Office: (0.21 × 1 + 0.98 × 0.915 + 0.02 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $37.23

Open 72100 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 72100

The CMS indicators that decide how 72100 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 72100

Lumbar spine X-ray, two or three views

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures0No multiple-procedure reduction.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

72100 without 26 · national office

$40.42

Lumbar spine X-ray, two or three views

72100-26 · Professional component

$10.69

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

How 72100 has changed in Iowa

72100 · Office / nonfacility

$37.23

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $1.76 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $35.47 to $37.23 (5.0%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $35.47changed to$37.23

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 0.22 changed to 0.21
    • Practice expense RVU 0.95 changed to 0.98
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.913 changed to 0.915
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.457 changed to 0.397

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $36.80changed to$35.47

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 0.96 changed to 0.95

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $36.20changed to$36.80

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $37.36changed to$36.20

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.910 changed to 0.913
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.441 changed to 0.457
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $37.73changed to$37.36

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 0.95 changed to 0.96
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.907 changed to 0.910
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.425 changed to 0.441

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $37.09changed to$37.73

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 0.92 changed to 0.95

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $35.41changed to$37.09

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 0.83 changed to 0.92
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.424 changed to 0.425

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $34.06changed to$35.41

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 0.79 changed to 0.83
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.423 changed to 0.424

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $32.71changed to$34.06

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 0.75 changed to 0.79

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $32.50changed to$32.71

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.902 changed to 0.907
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.458 changed to 0.423

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $31.97changed to$32.50

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 0.74 changed to 0.75
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.896 changed to 0.902
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.493 changed to 0.458

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $31.94changed to$31.97

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 0.73 changed to 0.74
    • Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.02

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $31.78changed to$31.94

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $33.17changed to$31.78

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 0.77 changed to 0.73
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.892 changed to 0.896
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.475 changed to 0.493

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $33.15changed to$33.17

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 0.83 changed to 0.77
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.887 changed to 0.892
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.456 changed to 0.475

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $33.15

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$37.23Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$37.23Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$37.23Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$37.23Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$35.47Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$35.47Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$35.47Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$35.47Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$36.80Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$36.80Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$36.80Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$36.80Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$36.20Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$37.36Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$37.36Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$37.36Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$37.36Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$37.73Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$37.73Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$37.73Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$37.73Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$37.09Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$37.09Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$37.09Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$37.09Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$35.41Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$35.41Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$35.41Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$35.41Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$34.06Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$34.06Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$34.06Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$34.06Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$32.71Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$32.71Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$32.71Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$32.71Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$32.50Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$32.50Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$32.50Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$32.50Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$31.97Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$31.97Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$31.97Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$31.97Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$31.94Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$31.94Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$31.78Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$31.78Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$33.17Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$33.17Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$33.17Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$33.17Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$33.15Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$33.15Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$33.15Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$33.15Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 72100 for an earlier date of service

Where the Iowa rate applies

Iowa is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 1026 cities and communities in Iowa. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Ackley
  • Ackworth
  • Adair
  • Adel
  • Afton
  • Agency
  • Ainsworth
  • Akron

Browse all communities in Iowa

72100 billing questions

When do lumbar spine films move from 72100 to 72110?

72100 covers two or three views. For a standard series with four or more views, such as AP, lateral, and both obliques, report 72110; a complete bending study with at least six views is reported with 72114.

Do AP and lateral views plus flexion and extension qualify for 72114?

Not by themselves. 72114 requires a complete study including bending views with at least six views total; 72120 describes two or three bending views taken alone.

Which modifier does a radiologist reading hospital films use?

The radiologist appends modifier 26 for the interpretation and report, while the hospital bills for image acquisition. An office that provides both the imaging and interpretation bills the global service without a component modifier.

Does a coned-down L5-S1 spot film count as a separate view?

Yes. A distinct spot lateral of the lumbosacral junction counts toward the view total, so AP, lateral, and spot lateral make a three-view study under 72100.

Can the treating physician bill an interpretation if the radiologist also reads the films?

A brief review of the images by the ordering physician does not support a separate modifier 26 claim. A separately reported interpretation requires its own medically necessary, signed written report.

What documentation supports 72100?

The record should include the clinical indication, images, and a signed written report identifying the two or three views obtained, findings, and impression.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 72100PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 7,973 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for IowaGPCI2026.csv, line 53 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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