CPT code 77071: Stress radiographs, interpretation and report2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota
Reports the professional interpretation of manually stressed joint radiographs used to assess instability or ligamentous laxity, including comparison views when obtained.
In South Dakota, Medicare pays $56.90 for 77071 in the office and $56.90 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 77071 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 77071 covers
77071 covers the professional interpretation and report of radiographs taken while manual stress is applied to a joint. Stress views can help assess abnormal joint opening or movement associated with instability or ligament injury. Ankle, knee, and wrist studies are familiar examples. Orthopedic or sports-medicine evaluations may lead to the examination, with a radiologist or other qualified practitioner providing the formal interpretation. Comparison views, when obtained, are part of the stress examination.
Report the code for the interpretation and report, not for image acquisition; CMS identifies a separate code for the technical portion. The report should identify the joint examined and describe the findings from the stress views. CMS prices this code as bilateral, so modifier 50 does not increase payment. When both sides are examined, the bilateral pricing is already reflected in the code’s payment treatment.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How South Dakota compares for 77071
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 77071 runs from $51.29 in Arkansas to $77.73 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $56.90. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- South Dakota · this page$56.90
- Los Angeles, CA · California$66.04+$9.14
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$67.05+$10.15
- Miami, FL · Florida$63.78+$6.88
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$61.79+$4.89
- Manhattan, NY · New York$67.60+$10.70
- Alaska · Alaska$66.86+$9.96
Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $52.09 | $52.09 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $51.29 | $51.29 |
| ArizonaArizona | $56.79 | $56.79 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $61.90 | $61.90 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $61.71 | $61.71 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $71.74 | $71.74 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $65.73 | $65.73 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $62.45 | $62.45 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $64.82 | $64.82 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $64.58 | $64.58 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $66.16 | $66.16 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $75.98 | $75.98 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $75.91 | $75.91 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $77.73 | $77.73 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $77.41 | $77.41 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $63.54 | $63.54 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $66.84 | $66.84 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $64.84 | $64.84 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $67.52 | $67.52 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $71.62 | $71.62 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $61.70 | $61.70 |
| ColoradoColorado | $60.84 | $60.84 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $62.50 | $62.50 |
| DelawareDelaware | $57.77 | $57.77 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $60.90 | $60.90 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $57.75 | $57.75 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $59.65 | $59.65 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $54.28 | $54.28 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $63.32 | $63.32 |
| IowaIowa | $53.41 | $53.41 |
| IdahoIdaho | $53.80 | $53.80 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $57.40 | $57.40 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $56.05 | $56.05 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $61.50 | $61.50 |
| IndianaIndiana | $54.13 | $54.13 |
| KansasKansas | $53.19 | $53.19 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $53.51 | $53.51 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $56.25 | $56.25 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $53.44 | $53.44 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $67.04 | $67.04 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $60.46 | $60.46 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $62.34 | $62.34 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $58.91 | $58.91 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $54.15 | $54.15 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $57.20 | $57.20 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $58.56 | $58.56 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $55.03 | $55.03 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $58.05 | $58.05 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $55.79 | $55.79 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $56.40 | $56.40 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $52.49 | $52.49 |
| MississippiMississippi | $51.90 | $51.90 |
| MontanaMontana | $58.45 | $58.45 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $54.74 | $54.74 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $57.06 | $57.06 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $53.71 | $53.71 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $59.91 | $59.91 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $66.29 | $66.29 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $63.15 | $63.15 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $55.37 | $55.37 |
| NevadaNevada | $58.10 | $58.10 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $69.39 | $69.39 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $63.61 | $63.61 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $68.12 | $68.12 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $55.62 | $55.62 |
| OhioOhio | $54.75 | $54.75 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $53.36 | $53.36 |
| Portland, OROregon | $62.81 | $62.81 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $57.59 | $57.59 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $60.90 | $60.90 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $54.82 | $54.82 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $58.89 | $58.89 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $59.86 | $59.86 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $54.85 | $54.85 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $53.48 | $53.48 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $60.69 | $60.69 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $54.44 | $54.44 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $57.66 | $57.66 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $58.07 | $58.07 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $57.67 | $57.67 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $57.86 | $57.86 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $59.14 | $59.14 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $56.04 | $56.04 |
| UtahUtah | $55.65 | $55.65 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $57.04 | $57.04 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $58.89 | $58.89 |
| VermontVermont | $56.87 | $56.87 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $60.33 | $60.33 |
| King County, WAWashington | $68.40 | $68.40 |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $55.04 | $55.04 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $53.86 | $53.86 |
| WyomingWyoming | $57.84 | $57.84 |
77071 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$51.29
$69.72
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $66.86 | 1 |
| AL | $52.09 | 1 |
| AR | $51.29 | 1 |
| AZ | $56.79 | 1 |
| CA | $61.70–$77.73 | 29 |
| CO | $60.84 | 1 |
| CT | $62.50 | 1 |
| DC | $67.05 | 1 |
| DE | $57.77 | 1 |
| FL | $57.75–$63.78 | 3 |
| GA | $54.28–$59.65 | 2 |
| GU | $63.32 | 1 |
| HI | $63.32 | 1 |
| IA | $53.41 | 1 |
| ID | $53.80 | 1 |
| IL | $56.05–$61.79 | 4 |
| IN | $54.13 | 1 |
| KS | $53.19 | 1 |
| KY | $53.51 | 1 |
| LA | $53.44–$56.25 | 2 |
| MA | $60.46–$67.04 | 2 |
| MD | $58.91–$67.05 | 3 |
| ME | $54.15–$57.20 | 2 |
| MI | $55.03–$58.56 | 2 |
| MN | $58.05 | 1 |
| MO | $52.49–$56.40 | 3 |
| MS | $51.90 | 1 |
| MT | $58.45 | 1 |
| NC | $54.74 | 1 |
| ND | $57.06 | 1 |
| NE | $53.71 | 1 |
| NH | $59.91 | 1 |
| NJ | $63.15–$66.29 | 2 |
| NM | $55.37 | 1 |
| NV | $58.10 | 1 |
| NY | $55.62–$69.39 | 5 |
| OH | $54.75 | 1 |
| OK | $53.36 | 1 |
| OR | $57.59–$62.81 | 2 |
| PA | $54.82–$60.90 | 2 |
| PR | $58.89 | 1 |
| RI | $59.86 | 1 |
| SC | $54.85 | 1 |
| SD | $56.90 | 1 |
| TN | $53.48 | 1 |
| TX | $54.44–$60.69 | 8 |
| UT | $55.65 | 1 |
| VA | $57.04–$67.05 | 2 |
| VI | $58.89 | 1 |
| VT | $56.87 | 1 |
| WA | $60.33–$68.40 | 2 |
| WI | $55.04 | 1 |
| WV | $53.86 | 1 |
| WY | $57.84 | 1 |
How the 77071 rate is calculated
Each of 77071’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 77071
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.40
0.40 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense1.28
1.28 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.07
0.07 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
1.7500
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$58.45
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
8,985
- Code
- 77071
- Physician work
- 0.40
- Practice expense
- 1.28
- Malpractice
- 0.07
GPCI2026.csv
94
- Locality
- South Dakota
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.336
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.40 | × 1.000 | 0.4000 |
| Practice expense | 1.28 | × 1.000 | 1.2800 |
| Malpractice | 0.07 | × 0.336 | 0.0235 |
| Total RVUs | 1.7035 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, South Dakota$56.90
Office: (0.4 × 1 + 1.28 × 1 + 0.07 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $56.90
Facility: (0.4 × 1 + 1.28 × 1 + 0.07 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $56.90
Payment rules and modifiers for 77071
The CMS indicators that decide how 77071 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 77071
Stress radiographs, interpretation and report
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 2 | Already bilateral by definition: paid once at 100%. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 2 | Professional component only. |
How 77071 has changed in South Dakota
77071 · Office / nonfacility
$56.90
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $5.37 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $51.53 to $56.90 (10.4%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$51.53changed to$56.90
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.41 changed to 0.40
- Practice expense RVU 1.16 changed to 1.28
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$53.48changed to$51.53
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 1.17 changed to 1.16
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$52.61changed to$53.48
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$54.07changed to$52.61
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 1.16 changed to 1.17
- Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$55.29changed to$54.07
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Malpractice RVU 0.08 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$54.46changed to$55.29
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 1.13 changed to 1.16
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.08
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$52.31changed to$54.46
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 1.01 changed to 1.13
- Malpractice RVU 0.08 changed to 0.06
- Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$49.99changed to$52.31
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 0.95 changed to 1.01
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.08
- Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$47.78changed to$49.99
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 0.89 changed to 0.95
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$47.65changed to$47.78
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$47.19changed to$47.65
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 0.88 changed to 0.89
- Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$47.36changed to$47.19
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$47.12changed to$47.36
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$50.12changed to$47.12
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 0.96 changed to 0.88
- Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$51.04changed to$50.12
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 1.06 changed to 0.96
- Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $51.04
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $56.90 | $56.90 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $56.90 | $56.90 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $56.90 | $56.90 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $56.90 | $56.90 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $51.53 | $51.53 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $51.53 | $51.53 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $51.53 | $51.53 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $51.53 | $51.53 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $53.48 | $53.48 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $53.48 | $53.48 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $53.48 | $53.48 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $53.48 | $53.48 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $52.61 | $52.61 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $54.07 | $54.07 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $54.07 | $54.07 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $54.07 | $54.07 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $54.07 | $54.07 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $55.29 | $55.29 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $55.29 | $55.29 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $55.29 | $55.29 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $55.29 | $55.29 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $54.46 | $54.46 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $54.46 | $54.46 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $54.46 | $54.46 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $54.46 | $54.46 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $52.31 | $52.31 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $52.31 | $52.31 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $52.31 | $52.31 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $52.31 | $52.31 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $49.99 | $49.99 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $49.99 | $49.99 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $49.99 | $49.99 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $49.99 | $49.99 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $47.78 | $47.78 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $47.78 | $47.78 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $47.78 | $47.78 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $47.78 | $47.78 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $47.65 | $47.65 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $47.65 | $47.65 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $47.65 | $47.65 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $47.65 | $47.65 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $47.19 | $47.19 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $47.19 | $47.19 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $47.19 | $47.19 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $47.19 | $47.19 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $47.36 | $47.36 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $47.36 | $47.36 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $47.12 | $47.12 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $47.12 | $47.12 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $50.12 | $50.12 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $50.12 | $50.12 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $50.12 | $50.12 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $50.12 | $50.12 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $51.04 | $51.04 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $51.04 | $51.04 | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $51.04 | $51.04 | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $51.04 | $51.04 | RVU13AR |
Where the South Dakota rate applies
South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Aberdeen
- Agar
- Agency Village
- Akaska
- Albee
- Alcester
- Alexandria
- Allen
77071 billing questions
Is 77071 for the images or the interpretation?
It represents the professional interpretation and report. The technical portion is covered by a separate code.
Should modifier 50 be appended for both sides?
CMS prices 77071 as bilateral, and modifier 50 does not increase payment.
Are comparison views separately reported?
Comparison views, when performed, are included in the stress examination described by 77071.
Can routine ankle or knee radiographs also be reported?
77071 describes manually stressed joint views, not routine nonstress radiographs. A separate routine examination requires its own documentation and code.
What documentation supports 77071?
Document the joint examined, that stress views were obtained, and the interpretation and findings. The professional report supports this code; image acquisition is represented separately.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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