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CPT code 77285: Radiotherapy simulation, intermediate complexity2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Vermont

Reports intermediate-complexity simulation for radiation treatment, where imaging and setup establish the patient's position and treatment-field arrangement.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality12.8K Medicare services in 2024

In Vermont, Medicare pays $447.76 for 77285 in the office.

$447.76Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−1.1%vs the national office rate ($452.92)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 77285 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 77285 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Vermont
  2. What 77285 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 77285 covers

Radiotherapy simulation establishes a reproducible treatment position and helps determine the arrangement of radiation fields before treatment begins. A radiation oncologist directs the clinical work, with radiation therapists typically operating the simulation equipment and assisting with patient setup. The service is performed in a radiation oncology department or other setting equipped for treatment simulation; it is not the delivery of therapeutic radiation.

Select 77285 when the documented simulation meets intermediate rather than simple or complex criteria. The record should support the simulation work performed, including patient positioning and the imaging or field-definition work that establishes the treatment setup. CMS recognizes separate professional and technical components: modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, modifier TC identifies the equipment and staff, and reporting without either modifier represents the global service.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Vermont compares for 77285

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 77285 runs from $393.17 in Arkansas to $639.98 in San Benito County, CA. Vermont pays $447.76. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

77285 in Vermont vs other payment areas
  1. Vermont · this page$447.76
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$529.92+$82.16
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$529.18+$81.42
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$473.07+$25.31
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$457.83+$10.07
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$523.80+$76.04
  7. Alaska · Alaska$496.15+$48.39

Other areas in Vermont first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

77285 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$399.94—
ArkansasArkansas$393.17—
ArizonaArizona$439.71—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$492.80—
Chico, CACalifornia$492.58—
El Centro, CACalifornia$492.59—
Fresno, CACalifornia$492.58—
Hanford, CACalifornia$492.58—

77285 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$393.17

$566.28

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
77285 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$496.151
AL$399.941
AR$393.171
AZ$439.711
CA$492.58–$639.9829
CO$479.561
CT$486.121
DC$529.181
DE$447.881
FL$435.58–$473.073
GA$408.28–$460.092
GU$509.181
HI$509.181
IA$416.281
ID$418.511
IL$417.78–$465.964
IN$421.461
KS$411.911
KY$406.481
LA$404.90–$428.602
MA$475.15–$534.962
MD$458.09–$529.183
ME$418.81–$448.432
MI$416.91–$439.702
MN$463.591
MO$395.34–$432.913
MS$394.451
MT$452.911
NC$424.261
ND$451.731
NE$419.571
NH$469.761
NJ$492.82–$521.892
NM$418.721
NV$453.001
NY$431.48–$535.605
OH$416.671
OK$407.871
OR$450.65–$499.222
PA$418.62–$471.012
PR$457.471
RI$467.101
SC$420.941
SD$451.591
TN$414.061
TX$415.26–$476.938
UT$427.701
VA$445.24–$529.182
VI$457.471
VT$447.761
WA$474.97–$548.882
WI$434.021
WV$399.171
WY$452.401

See 77285 in every payment locality

How the 77285 rate is calculated

Each of 77285’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 77285

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work1.02

1.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense12.48

12.48 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.06

0.06 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

13.5600

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$452.92

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Vermont inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

9,032

Code
77285
Physician work
1.02
Practice expense
12.48
Malpractice
0.06

GPCI2026.csv

105

Locality
Vermont
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.990
Malpractice
0.506
Office calculation for 77285 in Vermont
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work1.02× 1.0001.0200
Practice expense12.48× 0.99012.3552
Malpractice0.06× 0.5060.0304
Total RVUs13.4056
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Vermont$447.76

Office: (1.02 × 1 + 12.48 × 0.99 + 0.06 × 0.506) × $33.4009 = $447.76

Open 77285 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 77285

The CMS indicators that decide how 77285 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 77285

Radiotherapy simulation, intermediate complexity

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures0No multiple-procedure reduction.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

77285 without 26 · national office

$452.92

Radiotherapy simulation, intermediate complexity

77285-26 · Professional component

$55.78

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

Codes related to 77285

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 77285
CodeHow it relatesOffice range, Vermont
Same family
77280Radiation simulation, simple field setupSimulation sibling for cases meeting simple-complexity criteria.$266.43
77290Radiation simulation, complex setupSimulation sibling for cases meeting complex criteria.$436.04
Often billed with
77262Radiation planning, intermediate complexityIntermediate treatment planning may accompany simulation when both services are performed in the same planning encounter.$104.86

How 77285 has changed in Vermont

77285 · Office / nonfacility

$447.76

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $19.96 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $427.80 to $447.76 (4.7%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release

  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $427.80changed to$447.76

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 1.05 changed to 1.02
    • Practice expense RVU 12.23 changed to 12.48
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.993 changed to 0.990
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.518 changed to 0.506

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $436.61changed to$427.80

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 12.12 changed to 12.23

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $429.48changed to$436.61

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $445.49changed to$429.48

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 12.10 changed to 12.12
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.997 changed to 0.993
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.543 changed to 0.518

  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $454.94changed to$445.49

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 12.05 changed to 12.10
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.001 changed to 0.997
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.569 changed to 0.543

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $479.32changed to$454.94

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 12.64 changed to 12.05

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $477.00changed to$479.32

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 12.03 changed to 12.64
    • Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.008 changed to 1.001
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.582 changed to 0.569

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $473.11changed to$477.00

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 11.87 changed to 12.03
    • Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.07
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.015 changed to 1.008
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.595 changed to 0.582

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $474.64changed to$473.11

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 11.92 changed to 11.87
    • Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.05

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $447.70changed to$474.64

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 11.28 changed to 11.92
    • Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.06
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.010 changed to 1.015
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.639 changed to 0.595

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $436.28changed to$447.70

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 11.05 changed to 11.28
    • Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.05
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.004 changed to 1.010
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.682 changed to 0.639

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $430.75changed to$436.28

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Practice expense RVU 10.86 changed to 11.05
    • Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.06

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $428.61changed to$430.75

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $424.55changed to$428.61

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 10.70 changed to 10.86
    • Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.05
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.006 changed to 1.004
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.618 changed to 0.682

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    No ratechanged to$424.55

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$447.76Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$447.76Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$447.76Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$447.76Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$427.80Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$427.80Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$427.80Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$427.80Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$436.61Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$436.61Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$436.61Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$436.61Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$429.48Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$445.49Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$445.49Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$445.49Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$445.49Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$454.94Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$454.94Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$454.94Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$454.94Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$479.32Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$479.32Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$479.32Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$479.32Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$477.00Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$477.00Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$477.00Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$477.00Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$473.11Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$473.11Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$473.11Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$473.11Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$474.64Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$474.64Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$474.64Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$474.64Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$447.70Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$447.70Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$447.70Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$447.70Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$436.28Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$436.28Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$436.28Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$436.28Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$430.75Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$430.75Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$428.61Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$428.61Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$424.55Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$424.55Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$424.55Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$424.55Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01Rate data unavailableNot available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01Rate data unavailableNot available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01Rate data unavailableNot available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01Rate data unavailableNot available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 77285 for an earlier date of service

Where the Vermont rate applies

Vermont is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 180 cities and communities in Vermont. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Albany
  • Alburgh
  • Algiers
  • Arlington
  • Ascutney
  • Bakersfield
  • Barnet
  • Barre

Browse all communities in Vermont

77285 billing questions

How do I distinguish 77285 from 77280 or 77290?

Choose among these simulation levels according to the documented complexity of the work and the applicable CPT criteria. Do not assign the intermediate level based only on the number of treatment fields.

What does modifier 26 represent for 77285?

Modifier 26 reports the professional component, meaning the physician's interpretation. The unmodified code represents the global service when one entity reports both components.

When is modifier TC appropriate?

Use TC for the technical component, which covers the simulation equipment and staff. A claim without 26 or TC represents the global service.

Can 77285 be reported with treatment planning?

Simulation establishes positioning and field arrangement, while treatment planning represents separate planning work. Report each service when it was performed and the documentation supports it.

What documentation supports the intermediate level?

Document the simulation and patient setup, the imaging or field-definition work performed, and the details that establish intermediate rather than simple or complex work.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 77285PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 9,032 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for VermontGPCI2026.csv, line 105 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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