CPT code 77789: Surface brachytherapy, low-dose-rate application2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana
Reports low-dose-rate brachytherapy when a radionuclide source is applied at a superficial treatment site rather than inserted into tissue or a cavity.
In Montana, Medicare pays $132.93 for 77789 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 77789 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 77789 covers
This service covers applying a low-dose-rate radionuclide source at a superficial treatment site using a surface applicator. A radiation oncologist typically directs the treatment, with radiation therapy staff assisting in a hospital or radiation oncology setting. The source is positioned against the target rather than placed into an interstitial tract or body cavity, distinguishing this approach from interstitial and intracavitary brachytherapy.
Select the code for the surface application method, and document the treatment site, source or applicator placement, and the physician’s work. CMS allows billing for the global service or separately for the professional interpretation with modifier 26 and the technical portion with modifier TC. Same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included in the 0-day global period. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. An assistant at surgery is paid only when medical necessity is documented; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Montana compares for 77789
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 77789 runs from $118.61 in Arkansas to $177.27 in San Benito County, CA. Montana pays $132.93. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Montana · this page$132.93
- Los Angeles, CA · California$150.78+$17.85
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$151.85+$18.92
- Miami, FL · Florida$140.34+$7.41
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$136.69+$3.76
- Manhattan, NY · New York$151.83+$18.90
- Alaska · Alaska$156.50+$23.57
Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $120.23 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $118.61 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $129.70 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $141.70 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $141.47 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $163.86 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $150.11 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $142.24 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $148.43 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $147.87 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $151.31 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $173.54 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $173.46 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $177.27 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $176.94 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $145.48 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $152.74 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $148.41 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $154.29 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $163.75 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $141.46 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $138.85 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $141.37 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $131.76 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $136.04 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $130.00 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $135.01 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $123.28 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $144.76 | — |
| IowaIowa | $123.58 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $124.22 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $127.82 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $126.12 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $137.53 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $124.91 | — |
| KansasKansas | $122.80 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $122.36 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $127.74 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $122.08 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $152.34 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $138.01 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $140.91 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $134.24 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $124.57 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $131.23 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $131.27 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $125.10 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $134.00 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $127.18 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $128.45 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $119.97 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $119.33 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $125.83 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $131.55 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $124.28 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $136.48 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $150.39 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $143.25 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $125.64 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $132.64 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $154.99 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $143.98 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $153.36 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $127.57 | — |
| OhioOhio | $124.82 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $122.41 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $143.31 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $131.87 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $137.89 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $125.14 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $133.93 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $136.47 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $125.48 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $131.38 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $123.34 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $138.17 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $124.35 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $131.88 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $132.56 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $131.66 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $132.18 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $133.46 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $127.94 | — |
| UtahUtah | $127.09 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $130.66 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $133.93 | — |
| VermontVermont | $130.85 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $137.82 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $155.59 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $127.39 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $121.69 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $132.33 | — |
77789 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$118.61
$159.37
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $156.50 | 1 |
| AL | $120.23 | 1 |
| AR | $118.61 | 1 |
| AZ | $129.70 | 1 |
| CA | $141.46–$177.27 | 29 |
| CO | $138.85 | 1 |
| CT | $141.37 | 1 |
| DC | $151.85 | 1 |
| DE | $131.76 | 1 |
| FL | $130.00–$140.34 | 3 |
| GA | $123.28–$135.01 | 2 |
| GU | $144.76 | 1 |
| HI | $144.76 | 1 |
| IA | $123.58 | 1 |
| ID | $124.22 | 1 |
| IL | $126.12–$137.53 | 4 |
| IN | $124.91 | 1 |
| KS | $122.80 | 1 |
| KY | $122.36 | 1 |
| LA | $122.08–$127.74 | 2 |
| MA | $138.01–$152.34 | 2 |
| MD | $134.24–$151.85 | 3 |
| ME | $124.57–$131.23 | 2 |
| MI | $125.10–$131.27 | 2 |
| MN | $134.00 | 1 |
| MO | $119.97–$128.45 | 3 |
| MS | $119.33 | 1 |
| MT | $132.93 | 1 |
| NC | $125.83 | 1 |
| ND | $131.55 | 1 |
| NE | $124.28 | 1 |
| NH | $136.48 | 1 |
| NJ | $143.25–$150.39 | 2 |
| NM | $125.64 | 1 |
| NV | $132.64 | 1 |
| NY | $127.57–$154.99 | 5 |
| OH | $124.82 | 1 |
| OK | $122.41 | 1 |
| OR | $131.87–$143.31 | 2 |
| PA | $125.14–$137.89 | 2 |
| PR | $133.93 | 1 |
| RI | $136.47 | 1 |
| SC | $125.48 | 1 |
| SD | $131.38 | 1 |
| TN | $123.34 | 1 |
| TX | $124.35–$138.17 | 8 |
| UT | $127.09 | 1 |
| VA | $130.66–$151.85 | 2 |
| VI | $133.93 | 1 |
| VT | $130.85 | 1 |
| WA | $137.82–$155.59 | 2 |
| WI | $127.39 | 1 |
| WV | $121.69 | 1 |
| WY | $132.33 | 1 |
How the 77789 rate is calculated
Each of 77789’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 77789
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work1.11
1.11 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense2.80
2.80 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.07
0.07 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
3.9800
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$132.94
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
9,172
- Code
- 77789
- Physician work
- 1.11
- Practice expense
- 2.80
- Malpractice
- 0.07
GPCI2026.csv
71
- Locality
- Montana
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.998
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 1.11 | × 1.000 | 1.1100 |
| Practice expense | 2.80 | × 1.000 | 2.8000 |
| Malpractice | 0.07 | × 0.998 | 0.0699 |
| Total RVUs | 3.9799 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Montana$132.93
Office: (1.11 × 1 + 2.8 × 1 + 0.07 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $132.93
Payment rules and modifiers for 77789
The CMS indicators that decide how 77789 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 77789
Surface brachytherapy, low-dose-rate application
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | 000 | Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 1 | Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 26 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
77789 without 26 · national office
$132.94
Surface brachytherapy, low-dose-rate application
77789-26 · Professional component
$59.79
Pays only the interpretation and report.
How 77789 has changed in Montana
77789 · Office / nonfacility
$132.93
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $3.26 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $129.67 to $132.93 (2.5%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$129.67changed to$132.93
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 1.14 changed to 1.11
- Practice expense RVU 2.81 changed to 2.80
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 0.978 changed to 0.998
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$133.10changed to$129.67
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 2.79 changed to 2.81
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$130.93changed to$133.10
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$133.13changed to$130.93
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 2.73 changed to 2.79
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$134.92changed to$133.13
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 2.70 changed to 2.73
- Malpractice GPCI 0.977 changed to 0.978
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$133.24changed to$134.92
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 2.62 changed to 2.70
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$131.77changed to$133.24
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 2.42 changed to 2.62
- Malpractice RVU 0.07 changed to 0.06
- Malpractice GPCI 1.304 changed to 0.977
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$127.14changed to$131.77
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 2.29 changed to 2.42
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.07
- Malpractice GPCI 1.631 changed to 1.304
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$126.28changed to$127.14
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.29
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$121.87changed to$126.28
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 2.17 changed to 2.27
- Malpractice GPCI 1.429 changed to 1.631
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$121.50changed to$121.87
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 2.18 changed to 2.17
- Malpractice GPCI 1.226 changed to 1.429
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$120.06changed to$121.50
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 2.14 changed to 2.18
- Malpractice RVU 0.05 changed to 0.06
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$119.47changed to$120.06
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$118.57changed to$119.47
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 2.10 changed to 2.14
- Malpractice RVU 0.06 changed to 0.05
- Malpractice GPCI 1.165 changed to 1.226
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$118.27changed to$118.57
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 2.27 changed to 2.10
- Malpractice GPCI 1.103 changed to 1.165
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $118.27
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $132.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $132.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $132.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $132.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $129.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $129.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $129.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $129.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $133.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $133.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $133.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $133.10 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $130.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $133.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $133.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $133.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $133.13 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $134.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $134.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $134.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $134.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $133.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $133.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $133.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $133.24 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $131.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $131.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $131.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $131.77 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $127.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $127.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $127.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $127.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $126.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $126.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $126.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $126.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $121.87 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $121.87 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $121.87 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $121.87 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $121.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $121.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $121.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $121.50 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $120.06 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $120.06 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $119.47 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $119.47 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $118.57 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $118.57 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $118.57 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $118.57 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $118.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $118.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $118.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $118.27 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the Montana rate applies
Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Absarokee
- Acton
- Alberton
- Alder
- Alzada
- Amsterdam
- Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
- Antelope
77789 billing questions
How does this differ from the high-dose-rate skin surface codes?
This code is for low-dose-rate surface application. Codes 77767 and 77768 describe high-dose-rate skin surface brachytherapy and are selected according to channel count.
When would an intracavitary code be more appropriate?
Use an intracavitary code when the source is placed within a body cavity, rather than applied at the surface. Codes 77761–77763 distinguish intracavitary applications by complexity.
Can the professional and technical portions be billed separately?
Yes. Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, and modifier TC identifies the technical portion; billing without either modifier represents the global service.
Does the 0-day global period include same-day care?
Yes. Same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included in the service.
Can modifier 50 or an assistant-at-surgery modifier be used?
Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
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