CPT code 78227: Hepatobiliary scan, with pharmacologic intervention2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Delaware

Reports hepatobiliary nuclear imaging with a medication intervention, such as stimulation of gallbladder emptying, when the clinical question requires a drug-assisted study.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality42.2K Medicare services in 2024

In Delaware, Medicare pays $378.32 for 78227 in the office.

$378.32Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−1.2%vs the national office rate ($382.77)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 78227 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 78227 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Delaware
  2. What 78227 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 78227 covers

A nuclear medicine team administers a hepatobiliary radiotracer and obtains images of tracer movement through the liver and biliary system, including the gallbladder when present. A medication may be used to stimulate gallbladder contraction for an emptying assessment or to alter biliary transit. Studies may help evaluate suspected gallbladder dysfunction or selected biliary disorders. A nuclear medicine physician interprets the images; technologists typically perform the acquisition in a hospital or imaging center.

Choose this code when the study includes pharmacologic intervention, rather than imaging without that intervention. The report should identify the medication and its purpose, describe the imaging and any quantitative measurements, and document the clinical question and interpretation. CMS recognizes a professional component for interpretation and a technical component for equipment and staff: report modifier 26 for the professional service, modifier TC for the technical service, or neither modifier when billing the global service. The study’s medication intervention is part of the described imaging service; radiopharmaceutical supply may be represented by a separate applicable code.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Delaware compares for 78227

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 78227 runs from $331.57 in Arkansas to $538.57 in San Benito County, CA. Delaware pays $378.32. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

78227 in Delaware vs other payment areas
  1. Delaware · this page$378.32
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$446.57+$68.25
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$447.00+$68.68
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$403.23+$24.91
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$389.92+$11.60
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$443.60+$65.28
  7. Alaska · Alaska$418.38+$40.06

Other areas in Delaware first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

78227 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$337.36—
ArkansasArkansas$331.57—
ArizonaArizona$371.37—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$415.31—
Chico, CACalifornia$414.95—
El Centro, CACalifornia$414.97—
Fresno, CACalifornia$414.95—
Hanford, CACalifornia$414.95—

78227 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$331.57

$476.76

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
78227 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$418.381
AL$337.361
AR$331.571
AZ$371.371
CA$414.95–$538.5729
CO$404.611
CT$411.111
DC$447.001
DE$378.321
FL$369.42–$403.233
GA$345.81–$389.262
GU$428.951
HI$428.951
IA$350.661
ID$352.711
IL$354.64–$395.514
IN$355.211
KS$347.251
KY$343.651
LA$342.43–$362.712
MA$400.95–$451.322
MD$386.93–$447.003
ME$353.31–$378.152
MI$352.90–$373.302
MN$390.081
MO$334.46–$366.013
MS$333.171
MT$382.771
NC$357.921
ND$380.391
NE$353.381
NH$396.601
NJ$416.48–$440.802
NM$354.581
NV$382.451
NY$364.12–$454.125
OH$352.411
OK$344.501
OR$380.19–$421.002
PA$353.91–$398.402
PR$386.561
RI$394.431
SC$355.621
SD$380.111
TN$349.131
TX$351.05–$402.648
UT$361.401
VA$375.66–$447.002
VI$386.561
VT$377.301
WA$400.72–$462.822
WI$365.331
WV$338.731
WY$381.731

See 78227 in every payment locality

How the 78227 rate is calculated

Each of 78227’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 78227

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.88

0.88 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense10.46

10.46 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.12

0.12 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

11.4600

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$382.77

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Delaware inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

9,272

Code
78227
Physician work
0.88
Practice expense
10.46
Malpractice
0.12

GPCI2026.csv

40

Locality
Delaware
Physician work
1.005
Practice expense
0.988
Malpractice
0.899
Office calculation for 78227 in Delaware
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.88× 1.0050.8844
Practice expense10.46× 0.98810.3345
Malpractice0.12× 0.8990.1079
Total RVUs11.3268
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Delaware$378.32

Office: (0.88 × 1.005 + 10.46 × 0.988 + 0.12 × 0.899) × $33.4009 = $378.32

Open 78227 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 78227

The CMS indicators that decide how 78227 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 78227

Hepatobiliary scan, with pharmacologic intervention

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures0No multiple-procedure reduction.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

78227 without 26 · national office

$382.77

Hepatobiliary scan, with pharmacologic intervention

78227-26 · Professional component

$41.08

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

How 78227 has changed in Delaware

78227 · Office / nonfacility

$378.32

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $3.18 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $375.14 to $378.32 (0.8%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $375.14changed to$378.32

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 0.90 changed to 0.88
    • Practice expense RVU 10.68 changed to 10.46
    • Malpractice RVU 0.10 changed to 0.12
    • Work GPCI 1.009 changed to 1.005
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.992 changed to 0.988
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.949 changed to 0.899

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $394.62changed to$375.14

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 10.93 changed to 10.68
    • Malpractice RVU 0.11 changed to 0.10

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $388.18changed to$394.62

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $415.72changed to$388.18

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 11.18 changed to 10.93
    • Work GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.009
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.007 changed to 0.992
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.938 changed to 0.949
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $437.31changed to$415.72

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 11.38 changed to 11.18
    • Work GPCI 1.005 changed to 1.007
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.022 changed to 1.007
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.927 changed to 0.938

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $461.33changed to$437.31

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 11.97 changed to 11.38
    • Malpractice RVU 0.09 changed to 0.11

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $466.38changed to$461.33

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 11.66 changed to 11.97
    • Malpractice RVU 0.11 changed to 0.09
    • Work GPCI 1.006 changed to 1.005
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.021 changed to 1.022
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.023 changed to 0.927

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $472.61changed to$466.38

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 11.87 changed to 11.66
    • Malpractice RVU 0.10 changed to 0.11
    • Work GPCI 1.007 changed to 1.006
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.019 changed to 1.021
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.119 changed to 1.023

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $482.73changed to$472.61

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 12.16 changed to 11.87

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $482.79changed to$482.73

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 12.13 changed to 12.16
    • Work GPCI 1.010 changed to 1.007
    • Practice expense GPCI 1.025 changed to 1.019
    • Malpractice GPCI 1.101 changed to 1.119

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    No ratechanged to$482.79

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$378.32Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$378.32Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$378.32Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$378.32Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$375.14Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$375.14Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$375.14Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$375.14Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$394.62Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$394.62Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$394.62Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$394.62Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$388.18Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$415.72Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$415.72Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$415.72Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$415.72Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$437.31Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$437.31Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$437.31Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$437.31Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$461.33Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$461.33Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$461.33Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$461.33Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$466.38Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$466.38Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$466.38Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$466.38Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$472.61Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$472.61Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$472.61Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$472.61Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$482.73Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$482.73Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$482.73Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$482.73Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$482.79Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$482.79Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$482.79Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$482.79Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01Additional calculation requiredNot available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 78227 for an earlier date of service

Where the Delaware rate applies

Delaware is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 79 cities and communities in Delaware. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Arden
  • Ardencroft
  • Ardentown
  • Bear
  • Bellefonte
  • Bethany Beach
  • Bethel
  • Blades

Browse all communities in Delaware

78227 billing questions

How does this differ from 78226?

Use 78227 when the hepatobiliary imaging includes a pharmacologic intervention. Use 78226 for hepatobiliary imaging without that intervention.

Can the interpretation and imaging be billed separately?

Yes. Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, and modifier TC identifies the technical service. Without either modifier, the claim represents the global service.

What should the report document?

Document the medication used and why, the imaging performed, any quantitative measurements, and the physician’s findings and interpretation.

Is this reported once per image or view?

Report the imaging study, not each image or view. The medication-assisted assessment and any quantitative measurements belong to the study.

Can the radiopharmaceutical supply be reported separately?

A hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical supply code may be relevant, such as A9537 or A9512. The applicable supply billing depends on the setting and the claim circumstances.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 78227PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 9,272 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for DelawareGPCI2026.csv, line 40 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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