CPT code 88291: Cytogenetic report, interpretation and report2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Wisconsin
Report this service for professional interpretation of cytogenetic or molecular cytogenetic study findings, with a written report distinct from laboratory testing.
In Wisconsin, Medicare pays $31.96 for 88291 in the office and $31.96 when it’s performed in a hospital or facility.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 88291 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 88291 covers
A qualified interpreting professional reviews results from cytogenetic or molecular cytogenetic testing, interprets the findings, and prepares a report. The studies may involve chromosome analysis or molecular cytogenetic methods such as DNA-probe testing. These services are commonly performed through clinical laboratories serving hospitals, physician practices, and other diagnostic settings; the interpretation may inform evaluation of suspected chromosomal abnormalities or other genetic conditions.
Report 88291 for the interpretation and report, not for specimen processing or the laboratory testing itself. The documentation should support the study reviewed, the interpreting professional’s findings, and the resulting report. CMS identifies 88291 as a professional-component-only code; the technical portion is reported separately using the code for the test performed. Select that technical code according to the method and study, such as DNA-probe testing or chromosome analysis. The professional interpretation and the technical service may therefore appear as separate lines for the same study.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Wisconsin compares for 88291
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 88291 runs from $30.58 in Arkansas to $42.28 in Alaska. Wisconsin pays $31.96. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Wisconsin · this page$31.96
- Los Angeles, CA · California$36.35+$4.39
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$36.80+$4.84
- Miami, FL · Florida$34.72+$2.76
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$34.13+$2.17
- Manhattan, NY · New York$37.04+$5.08
- Alaska · Alaska$42.28+$10.32
Other areas in Wisconsin first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $30.86 | $30.86 |
| ArkansasArkansas | $30.58 | $30.58 |
| ArizonaArizona | $32.49 | $32.49 |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $34.60 | $34.60 |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $38.70 | $38.70 |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $36.09 | $36.09 |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $34.75 | $34.75 |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $35.87 | $35.87 |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $35.73 | $35.73 |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $36.28 | $36.28 |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $40.62 | $40.62 |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $40.60 | $40.60 |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $41.42 | $41.42 |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $41.33 | $41.33 |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $35.18 | $35.18 |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $36.42 | $36.42 |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $35.78 | $35.78 |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $36.77 | $36.77 |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $38.66 | $38.66 |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $34.52 | $34.52 |
| ColoradoColorado | $34.11 | $34.11 |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $34.73 | $34.73 |
| DelawareDelaware | $32.90 | $32.90 |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $33.81 | $33.81 |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $32.73 | $32.73 |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $33.50 | $33.50 |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $31.54 | $31.54 |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $34.89 | $34.89 |
| IowaIowa | $31.36 | $31.36 |
| IdahoIdaho | $31.49 | $31.49 |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $32.52 | $32.52 |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $32.11 | $32.11 |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $34.12 | $34.12 |
| IndianaIndiana | $31.60 | $31.60 |
| KansasKansas | $31.26 | $31.26 |
| KentuckyKentucky | $31.30 | $31.30 |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $32.25 | $32.25 |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $31.27 | $31.27 |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $36.67 | $36.67 |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $34.02 | $34.02 |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $34.62 | $34.62 |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $33.37 | $33.37 |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $31.59 | $31.59 |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $32.68 | $32.68 |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $32.99 | $32.99 |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $31.82 | $31.82 |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $33.04 | $33.04 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $32.11 | $32.11 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $32.33 | $32.33 |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $30.93 | $30.93 |
| MississippiMississippi | $30.76 | $30.76 |
| MontanaMontana | $33.07 | $33.07 |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $31.80 | $31.80 |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $32.67 | $32.67 |
| NebraskaNebraska | $31.47 | $31.47 |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $33.61 | $33.61 |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $36.64 | $36.64 |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $35.23 | $35.23 |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $31.93 | $31.93 |
| NevadaNevada | $32.97 | $32.97 |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $37.63 | $37.63 |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $35.43 | $35.43 |
| Queens, NYNew York | $37.25 | $37.25 |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $32.10 | $32.10 |
| OhioOhio | $31.74 | $31.74 |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $31.27 | $31.27 |
| Portland, OROregon | $34.87 | $34.87 |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $32.81 | $32.81 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $34.13 | $34.13 |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $31.77 | $31.77 |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $33.23 | $33.23 |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $33.83 | $33.83 |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $31.80 | $31.80 |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $32.62 | $32.62 |
| TennesseeTennessee | $31.36 | $31.36 |
| Austin, TXTexas | $33.92 | $33.92 |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $31.64 | $31.64 |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $32.92 | $32.92 |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $33.06 | $33.06 |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $32.92 | $32.92 |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $32.98 | $32.98 |
| Houston, TXTexas | $33.35 | $33.35 |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $32.22 | $32.22 |
| UtahUtah | $32.08 | $32.08 |
| VirginiaVirginia | $32.61 | $32.61 |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $33.23 | $33.23 |
| VermontVermont | $32.58 | $32.58 |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $33.94 | $33.94 |
| King County, WAWashington | $37.28 | $37.28 |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $31.34 | $31.34 |
| WyomingWyoming | $32.89 | $32.89 |
88291 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$30.58
$42.28
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $42.28 | 1 |
| AL | $30.86 | 1 |
| AR | $30.58 | 1 |
| AZ | $32.49 | 1 |
| CA | $34.52–$41.42 | 29 |
| CO | $34.11 | 1 |
| CT | $34.73 | 1 |
| DC | $36.80 | 1 |
| DE | $32.90 | 1 |
| FL | $32.73–$34.72 | 3 |
| GA | $31.54–$33.50 | 2 |
| GU | $34.89 | 1 |
| HI | $34.89 | 1 |
| IA | $31.36 | 1 |
| ID | $31.49 | 1 |
| IL | $32.11–$34.13 | 4 |
| IN | $31.60 | 1 |
| KS | $31.26 | 1 |
| KY | $31.30 | 1 |
| LA | $31.27–$32.25 | 2 |
| MA | $34.02–$36.67 | 2 |
| MD | $33.37–$36.80 | 3 |
| ME | $31.59–$32.68 | 2 |
| MI | $31.82–$32.99 | 2 |
| MN | $33.04 | 1 |
| MO | $30.93–$32.33 | 3 |
| MS | $30.76 | 1 |
| MT | $33.07 | 1 |
| NC | $31.80 | 1 |
| ND | $32.67 | 1 |
| NE | $31.47 | 1 |
| NH | $33.61 | 1 |
| NJ | $35.23–$36.64 | 2 |
| NM | $31.93 | 1 |
| NV | $32.97 | 1 |
| NY | $32.10–$37.63 | 5 |
| OH | $31.74 | 1 |
| OK | $31.27 | 1 |
| OR | $32.81–$34.87 | 2 |
| PA | $31.77–$34.13 | 2 |
| PR | $33.23 | 1 |
| RI | $33.83 | 1 |
| SC | $31.80 | 1 |
| SD | $32.62 | 1 |
| TN | $31.36 | 1 |
| TX | $31.64–$33.92 | 8 |
| UT | $32.08 | 1 |
| VA | $32.61–$36.80 | 2 |
| VI | $33.23 | 1 |
| VT | $32.58 | 1 |
| WA | $33.94–$37.28 | 2 |
| WI | $31.96 | 1 |
| WV | $31.34 | 1 |
| WY | $32.89 | 1 |
How the 88291 rate is calculated
Each of 88291’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 88291
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.51
0.51 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense0.46
0.46 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.02
0.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
0.9900
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$33.07
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Wisconsin inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
11,195
- Code
- 88291
- Physician work
- 0.51
- Practice expense
- 0.46
- Malpractice
- 0.02
GPCI2026.csv
111
- Locality
- Wisconsin
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.958
- Malpractice
- 0.308
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.51 | × 1.000 | 0.5100 |
| Practice expense | 0.46 | × 0.958 | 0.4407 |
| Malpractice | 0.02 | × 0.308 | 0.0062 |
| Total RVUs | 0.9568 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Wisconsin$31.96
Office: (0.51 × 1 + 0.46 × 0.958 + 0.02 × 0.308) × $33.4009 = $31.96
Facility: (0.51 × 1 + 0.46 × 0.958 + 0.02 × 0.308) × $33.4009 = $31.96
Payment rules and modifiers for 88291
The CMS indicators that decide how 88291 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 88291
Cytogenetic report, interpretation and report
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 2 | Professional component only. |
How 88291 has changed in Wisconsin
88291 · Office / nonfacility
$31.96
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $0.07 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $31.89 to $31.96 (0.2%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$31.89changed to$31.96
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.52 changed to 0.51
- Practice expense RVU 0.48 changed to 0.46
- Practice expense GPCI 0.957 changed to 0.958
- Malpractice GPCI 0.331 changed to 0.308
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$32.18changed to$31.89
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 0.46 changed to 0.48
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$31.66changed to$32.18
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$31.36changed to$31.66
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense RVU 0.42 changed to 0.46
- Practice expense GPCI 0.950 changed to 0.957
- Malpractice GPCI 0.314 changed to 0.331
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$31.77changed to$31.36
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense RVU 0.41 changed to 0.42
- Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.02
- Practice expense GPCI 0.942 changed to 0.950
- Malpractice GPCI 0.296 changed to 0.314
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$32.03changed to$31.77
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$33.16changed to$32.03
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04
- Practice expense GPCI 0.949 changed to 0.942
- Malpractice GPCI 0.322 changed to 0.296
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$32.79changed to$33.16
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Practice expense RVU 0.40 changed to 0.41
- Malpractice RVU 0.02 changed to 0.03
- Practice expense GPCI 0.957 changed to 0.949
- Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.322
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$32.75changed to$32.79
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$32.03changed to$32.75
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 0.38 changed to 0.40
- Practice expense GPCI 0.956 changed to 0.957
- Malpractice GPCI 0.457 changed to 0.347
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$31.33changed to$32.03
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 0.36 changed to 0.38
- Practice expense GPCI 0.955 changed to 0.956
- Malpractice GPCI 0.566 changed to 0.457
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$31.10changed to$31.33
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 0.35 changed to 0.36
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$30.95changed to$31.10
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$30.21changed to$30.95
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 0.32 changed to 0.35
- Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.02
- Practice expense GPCI 0.958 changed to 0.955
- Malpractice GPCI 0.557 changed to 0.566
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$29.68changed to$30.21
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 0.35 changed to 0.32
- Practice expense GPCI 0.960 changed to 0.958
- Malpractice GPCI 0.547 changed to 0.557
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
October 1, 2013
RVU13D
No ratechanged to$29.68
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: No rate
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $31.96 | $31.96 | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $31.96 | $31.96 | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $31.96 | $31.96 | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $31.96 | $31.96 | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $31.89 | $31.89 | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $31.89 | $31.89 | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $31.89 | $31.89 | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $31.89 | $31.89 | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $32.18 | $32.18 | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $32.18 | $32.18 | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $32.18 | $32.18 | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $32.18 | $32.18 | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $31.66 | $31.66 | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $31.36 | $31.36 | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $31.36 | $31.36 | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $31.36 | $31.36 | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $31.36 | $31.36 | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $31.77 | $31.77 | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $31.77 | $31.77 | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $31.77 | $31.77 | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $31.77 | $31.77 | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $33.16 | $33.16 | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $33.16 | $33.16 | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $33.16 | $33.16 | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $33.16 | $33.16 | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $32.79 | $32.79 | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $32.79 | $32.79 | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $32.79 | $32.79 | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $32.79 | $32.79 | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $32.75 | $32.75 | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $32.75 | $32.75 | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $32.75 | $32.75 | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $32.75 | $32.75 | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $32.03 | $32.03 | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $31.33 | $31.33 | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $31.33 | $31.33 | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $31.33 | $31.33 | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $31.33 | $31.33 | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $31.10 | $31.10 | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $31.10 | $31.10 | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $30.95 | $30.95 | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $30.95 | $30.95 | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $30.21 | $30.21 | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $30.21 | $30.21 | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $30.21 | $30.21 | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $30.21 | $30.21 | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $29.68 | $29.68 | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | Rate data unavailable | Rate data unavailable | RVU13AR |
Where the Wisconsin rate applies
Wisconsin is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 807 cities and communities in Wisconsin. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Abbotsford
- Abrams
- Adams
- Adell
- Albany
- Algoma
- Allens Grove
- Allenton
88291 billing questions
How is 88291 different from 88271?
88291 represents interpretation and reporting. 88271 describes DNA-probe testing, the technical service, when that method is performed.
Does 88291 include laboratory testing or specimen processing?
No. CMS identifies 88291 as professional-component-only; the technical portion is coded separately based on the cytogenetic method performed.
What documentation supports reporting 88291?
Keep the interpreted study results and the written report documenting the professional findings. The record should identify the study being interpreted.
Can 88291 be reported with chromosome analysis?
Yes, when the professional interpretation and report are performed for a chromosome analysis study. Report the applicable technical service separately.
Does 88291 represent a count of cells or probes?
No. It represents the interpretation and report; cell counts or probe details belong to selection of the separate technical study code.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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