CPT code 88311: Tissue decalcification, calcified tissue preparation2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Iowa
Reports laboratory decalcification that removes mineral from bone or other calcified tissue so the specimen can be sectioned for microscopic examination.
In Iowa, Medicare pays $18.34 for 88311 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 88311 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 88311 covers
A histology laboratory decalcifies bone and other calcified tissue by removing mineral that would prevent the specimen from being cut into thin sections. This preparation may be needed for a bone biopsy, a bone-containing tumor specimen, or another calcified tissue sample before microscopic evaluation. Laboratory personnel generally perform the processing; a pathologist interprets the resulting tissue examination as part of the diagnostic workup.
Report 88311 when decalcification is performed, alongside the applicable surgical pathology examination when that specimen is also examined. The record should identify the specimen and support why decalcification was needed; the pathology report documents the diagnostic examination. CMS recognizes professional and technical components: modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, modifier TC identifies the technical work, and billing without either modifier represents the global service. The professional and technical components are separately priced.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Iowa compares for 88311
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 88311 runs from $17.78 in Arkansas to $25.26 in San Benito County, CA. Iowa pays $18.34. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Iowa · this page$18.34
- Los Angeles, CA · California$21.88+$3.54
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$22.22+$3.88
- Miami, FL · Florida$21.19+$2.85
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$20.68+$2.34
- Manhattan, NY · New York$22.43+$4.09
- Alaska · Alaska$23.99+$5.65
Other areas in Iowa first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $18.00 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $17.78 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $19.26 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $20.68 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $23.47 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $21.74 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $20.84 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $21.52 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $21.44 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $21.86 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $24.73 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $24.71 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $25.26 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $25.17 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $21.11 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $22.00 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $21.50 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $22.22 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $23.44 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $20.62 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $20.38 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $20.87 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $19.54 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $20.39 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $19.54 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $20.05 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $18.61 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $20.98 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $18.45 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $19.48 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $19.09 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $20.58 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $18.53 | — |
| KansasKansas | $18.28 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $18.39 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $19.13 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $18.37 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $22.15 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $20.30 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $20.82 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $19.86 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $18.55 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $19.36 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $19.77 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $18.80 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $19.57 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $19.00 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $19.16 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $18.12 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $17.95 | — |
| MontanaMontana | $19.71 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $18.70 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $19.31 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $18.42 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $20.09 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $22.05 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $21.12 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $18.90 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $19.61 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $22.92 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $21.27 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $22.56 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $18.94 | — |
| OhioOhio | $18.72 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $18.34 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $20.92 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $19.46 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $20.44 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $18.74 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $19.82 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $20.16 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $18.74 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $19.26 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $18.36 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $20.30 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $18.64 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $19.52 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $19.64 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $19.53 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $19.57 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $19.94 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $19.06 | — |
| UtahUtah | $18.96 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $19.32 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $19.82 | — |
| VermontVermont | $19.26 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $20.25 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $22.55 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $18.77 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $18.51 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $19.53 | — |
88311 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$17.78
$23.99
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $23.99 | 1 |
| AL | $18.00 | 1 |
| AR | $17.78 | 1 |
| AZ | $19.26 | 1 |
| CA | $20.62–$25.26 | 29 |
| CO | $20.38 | 1 |
| CT | $20.87 | 1 |
| DC | $22.22 | 1 |
| DE | $19.54 | 1 |
| FL | $19.54–$21.19 | 3 |
| GA | $18.61–$20.05 | 2 |
| GU | $20.98 | 1 |
| HI | $20.98 | 1 |
| IA | $18.34 | 1 |
| ID | $18.45 | 1 |
| IL | $19.09–$20.68 | 4 |
| IN | $18.53 | 1 |
| KS | $18.28 | 1 |
| KY | $18.39 | 1 |
| LA | $18.37–$19.13 | 2 |
| MA | $20.30–$22.15 | 2 |
| MD | $19.86–$22.22 | 3 |
| ME | $18.55–$19.36 | 2 |
| MI | $18.80–$19.77 | 2 |
| MN | $19.57 | 1 |
| MO | $18.12–$19.16 | 3 |
| MS | $17.95 | 1 |
| MT | $19.71 | 1 |
| NC | $18.70 | 1 |
| ND | $19.31 | 1 |
| NE | $18.42 | 1 |
| NH | $20.09 | 1 |
| NJ | $21.12–$22.05 | 2 |
| NM | $18.90 | 1 |
| NV | $19.61 | 1 |
| NY | $18.94–$22.92 | 5 |
| OH | $18.72 | 1 |
| OK | $18.34 | 1 |
| OR | $19.46–$20.92 | 2 |
| PA | $18.74–$20.44 | 2 |
| PR | $19.82 | 1 |
| RI | $20.16 | 1 |
| SC | $18.74 | 1 |
| SD | $19.26 | 1 |
| TN | $18.36 | 1 |
| TX | $18.64–$20.30 | 8 |
| UT | $18.96 | 1 |
| VA | $19.32–$22.22 | 2 |
| VI | $19.82 | 1 |
| VT | $19.26 | 1 |
| WA | $20.25–$22.55 | 2 |
| WI | $18.77 | 1 |
| WV | $18.51 | 1 |
| WY | $19.53 | 1 |
How the 88311 rate is calculated
Each of 88311’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 88311
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.23
0.23 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense0.34
0.34 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.02
0.02 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
0.5900
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$19.71
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Iowa inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
11,215
- Code
- 88311
- Physician work
- 0.23
- Practice expense
- 0.34
- Malpractice
- 0.02
GPCI2026.csv
53
- Locality
- Iowa
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 0.915
- Malpractice
- 0.397
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.23 | × 1.000 | 0.2300 |
| Practice expense | 0.34 | × 0.915 | 0.3111 |
| Malpractice | 0.02 | × 0.397 | 0.0079 |
| Total RVUs | 0.5490 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Iowa$18.34
Office: (0.23 × 1 + 0.34 × 0.915 + 0.02 × 0.397) × $33.4009 = $18.34
Payment rules and modifiers for 88311
The CMS indicators that decide how 88311 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 88311
Tissue decalcification, calcified tissue preparation
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 0 | No multiple-procedure reduction. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 1 | Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier 26 · payment effect
With and without the modifier
88311 without 26 · national office
$19.71
Tissue decalcification, calcified tissue preparation
88311-26 · Professional component
$11.36
Pays only the interpretation and report.
How 88311 has changed in Iowa
88311 · Office / nonfacility
$18.34
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $0.06 lower than on 2025-10-01, moving from $18.40 to $18.34 (0.3%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$18.40changed to$18.34
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Work RVU 0.24 changed to 0.23
- Practice expense RVU 0.35 changed to 0.34
- Practice expense GPCI 0.913 changed to 0.915
- Malpractice GPCI 0.457 changed to 0.397
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$18.93changed to$18.40
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$18.62changed to$18.93
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$19.22changed to$18.62
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
- Practice expense GPCI 0.910 changed to 0.913
- Malpractice GPCI 0.441 changed to 0.457
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$19.59changed to$19.22
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Practice expense GPCI 0.907 changed to 0.910
- Malpractice GPCI 0.425 changed to 0.441
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$19.75changed to$19.59
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$20.42changed to$19.75
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Malpractice GPCI 0.424 changed to 0.425
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$20.39changed to$20.42
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Malpractice GPCI 0.423 changed to 0.424
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$21.03changed to$20.39
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 0.37 changed to 0.35
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$20.92changed to$21.03
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense GPCI 0.902 changed to 0.907
- Malpractice GPCI 0.458 changed to 0.423
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$20.17changed to$20.92
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 0.35 changed to 0.37
- Practice expense GPCI 0.896 changed to 0.902
- Malpractice GPCI 0.493 changed to 0.458
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$19.60changed to$20.17
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
- Practice expense RVU 0.33 changed to 0.35
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$19.51changed to$19.60
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$18.84changed to$19.51
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Practice expense RVU 0.31 changed to 0.33
- Practice expense GPCI 0.892 changed to 0.896
- Malpractice GPCI 0.475 changed to 0.493
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$18.74changed to$18.84
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 0.34 changed to 0.31
- Practice expense GPCI 0.887 changed to 0.892
- Malpractice GPCI 0.456 changed to 0.475
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $18.74
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $18.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $18.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $18.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $18.34 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $18.40 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $18.40 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $18.40 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $18.40 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $18.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $18.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $18.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $18.93 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $18.62 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $19.22 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $19.22 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $19.22 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $19.22 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $19.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $19.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $19.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $19.59 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $19.75 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $19.75 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $19.75 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $19.75 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $20.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $20.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $20.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $20.42 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $20.39 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $20.39 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $20.39 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $20.39 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $21.03 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $21.03 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $21.03 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $21.03 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $20.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $20.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $20.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $20.92 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $20.17 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $20.17 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $20.17 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $20.17 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $19.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $19.60 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $19.51 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $19.51 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $18.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $18.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $18.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $18.84 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $18.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $18.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $18.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $18.74 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the Iowa rate applies
Iowa is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 1026 cities and communities in Iowa. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Ackley
- Ackworth
- Adair
- Adel
- Afton
- Agency
- Ainsworth
- Akron
88311 billing questions
Is 88311 the surgical pathology examination of the specimen?
No. It reports decalcification preparation; the surgical pathology code represents the examination and diagnostic work on the specimen.
Can 88311 be reported with a surgical pathology code?
Yes, when decalcification is performed and the same specimen also receives a surgical pathology examination. Select the examination code for the specimen and service documented.
Which modifier identifies the pathologist's work?
Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation. Modifier TC identifies the technical work, and no modifier represents the global service.
What should the record support?
Document the tissue specimen, the decalcification performed, and the associated microscopic examination when one is reported. The pathology report should support the diagnostic work.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
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