CPT code 93454: Coronary angiography, without graft or left-heart catheterization2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Reports diagnostic imaging of the native coronary arteries when coronary angiography is performed without bypass-graft imaging or left-heart catheterization.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality104.7K Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $857.37 for 93454 in the office.

$857.37Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−2.3%vs the national office rate ($877.78)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 93454 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 93454 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 93454 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 93454 covers

This service uses catheter-based contrast injections and imaging to assess the native coronary arteries. A cardiologist, commonly one performing diagnostic or interventional cardiac procedures, typically performs it in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. The study supports evaluation of suspected or known coronary artery disease, such as in a patient with symptoms or other findings that warrant anatomic assessment. It includes the imaging supervision and interpretation for the coronary study.

Select 93454 when the documented service is coronary angiography without bypass-graft imaging or left-heart catheterization; use a different code when those additional services are performed. The report should support the catheter and injection work, the coronary images obtained, and the physician’s interpretation. The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, modifier TC the technical service, and no modifier the global service. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50%. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 93454

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 93454 runs from $764.30 in Arkansas to $1,188.79 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $857.37. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

93454 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$857.37
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$1,001.45+$144.08
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,013.67+$156.30
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$953.42+$96.05
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$922.10+$64.73
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$1,018.50+$161.13
  7. Alaska · Alaska$983.40+$126.03

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

93454 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$777.05—
ArkansasArkansas$764.30—
ArizonaArizona$851.68—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$935.68—
Chico, CACalifornia$933.14—
El Centro, CACalifornia$933.30—
Fresno, CACalifornia$933.14—
Hanford, CACalifornia$933.14—

93454 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$764.30

$1,060.97

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
93454 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$983.401
AL$777.051
AR$764.301
AZ$851.681
CA$933.14–$1,188.7929
CO$917.561
CT$941.021
DC$1,013.671
DE$867.021
FL$862.47–$953.423
GA$808.17–$895.582
GU$960.611
HI$960.611
IA$799.821
ID$805.661
IL$834.26–$922.104
IN$810.951
KS$795.421
KY$797.571
LA$796.09–$840.712
MA$910.96–$1,016.082
MD$885.12–$1,013.673
ME$810.23–$860.142
MI$820.92–$874.392
MN$876.421
MO$780.50–$844.283
MS$772.581
MT$877.711
NC$819.841
ND$859.521
NE$804.831
NH$902.601
NJ$950.99–$1,001.042
NM$825.931
NV$873.341
NY$833.70–$1,045.715
OH$817.201
OK$796.121
OR$865.85–$949.872
PA$818.76–$915.032
PR$885.001
RI$900.341
SC$820.041
SD$857.371
TN$799.931
TX$812.68–$915.128
UT$832.701
VA$856.86–$1,013.672
VI$885.001
VT$855.601
WA$909.41–$1,038.242
WI$827.151
WV$799.441
WY$869.791

See 93454 in every payment locality

How the 93454 rate is calculated

Each of 93454’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 93454

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work4.43

4.43 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense20.93

20.93 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.92

0.92 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

26.2800

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$877.78

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,100

Code
93454
Physician work
4.43
Practice expense
20.93
Malpractice
0.92

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 93454 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work4.43× 1.0004.4300
Practice expense20.93× 1.00020.9300
Malpractice0.92× 0.3360.3091
Total RVUs25.6691
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$857.37

Office: (4.43 × 1 + 20.93 × 1 + 0.92 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $857.37

Open 93454 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 93454

The CMS indicators that decide how 93454 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 93454

Coronary angiography, without graft or left-heart catheterization

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

93454 without 26 · national office

$877.78

Coronary angiography, without graft or left-heart catheterization

93454-26 · Professional component

$233.14

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

How 93454 has changed in South Dakota

93454 · Office / nonfacility

$857.37

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $39.13 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $818.24 to $857.37 (4.8%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $818.24changed to$857.37

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 4.54 changed to 4.43
    • Practice expense RVU 20.42 changed to 20.93
    • Malpractice RVU 0.88 changed to 0.92
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $871.39changed to$818.24

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 21.29 changed to 20.42
    • Malpractice RVU 0.91 changed to 0.88

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $857.17changed to$871.39

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $899.93changed to$857.17

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 21.70 changed to 21.29
    • Malpractice RVU 0.87 changed to 0.91
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $948.65changed to$899.93

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 22.55 changed to 21.70
    • Malpractice RVU 0.93 changed to 0.87
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $963.59changed to$948.65

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 22.77 changed to 22.55
    • Malpractice RVU 0.88 changed to 0.93

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $917.40changed to$963.59

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 20.56 changed to 22.77
    • Malpractice RVU 0.87 changed to 0.88
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $875.09changed to$917.40

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 19.38 changed to 20.56
    • Malpractice RVU 0.93 changed to 0.87
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $839.07changed to$875.09

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 18.41 changed to 19.38
    • Malpractice RVU 0.92 changed to 0.93

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $831.09changed to$839.07

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 18.25 changed to 18.41
    • Malpractice RVU 0.93 changed to 0.92
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $888.30changed to$831.09

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Work RVU 4.79 changed to 4.54
    • Practice expense RVU 19.62 changed to 18.25
    • Malpractice RVU 1.00 changed to 0.93
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $891.51changed to$888.30

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $887.07changed to$891.51

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $881.69changed to$887.07

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 19.39 changed to 19.62
    • Malpractice RVU 1.04 changed to 1.00
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $907.08changed to$881.69

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 21.40 changed to 19.39
    • Malpractice RVU 1.09 changed to 1.04
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $907.08

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$857.37Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$857.37Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$857.37Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$857.37Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$818.24Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$818.24Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$818.24Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$818.24Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$871.39Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$871.39Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$871.39Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$871.39Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$857.17Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$899.93Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$899.93Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$899.93Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$899.93Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$948.65Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$948.65Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$948.65Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$948.65Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$963.59Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$963.59Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$963.59Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$963.59Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$917.40Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$917.40Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$917.40Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$917.40Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$875.09Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$875.09Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$875.09Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$875.09Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$839.07Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$839.07Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$839.07Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$839.07Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$831.09Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$831.09Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$831.09Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$831.09Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$888.30Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$888.30Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$888.30Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$888.30Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$891.51Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$891.51Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$887.07Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$887.07Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$881.69Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$881.69Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$881.69Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$881.69Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$907.08Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$907.08Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$907.08Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$907.08Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 93454 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

93454 billing questions

When should 93455 be used instead?

Use 93455 when the coronary study includes catheter placement in bypass grafts and graft angiography. Code 93454 describes the coronary study without graft imaging.

How does 93454 differ from 93458?

93454 reports coronary angiography without left-heart catheterization. When coronary angiography and left-heart catheterization are performed together, 93458 is the relevant combined code.

Can the professional and technical portions be billed separately?

Yes. Modifier 26 identifies the professional interpretation, and modifier TC identifies the technical service, including equipment and staff. Billing without either modifier represents the global service.

Is the interpretation separately reported?

The imaging supervision and interpretation are part of the coronary angiography service. Modifier 26 identifies that professional component when it is billed separately from the technical component.

Can modifier 50 be used for imaging both coronary arteries?

No. The CMS bilateral adjustment does not support modifier 50 for this service; the coronary anatomy and descriptor make that modifier inappropriate.

What happens when other procedures are performed in the same session?

Under the standard multiple procedure reduction, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are paid at 50%. Any assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 93454PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,100 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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