CPT code 93581: VSD closure, transcatheter2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Alaska

Reports catheter-based closure of a ventricular septal defect, typically in a congenital heart catheterization lab when anatomy is suitable for device treatment.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality55 Medicare services in 2024

In Alaska, Medicare pays $1,467.77 for 93581 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$1,467.77Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 93581 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 93581 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Alaska
  2. What 93581 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 93581 covers

This code represents catheter-based treatment to close a ventricular septal defect, an opening between the heart’s ventricles. A congenital or structural interventional cardiologist typically performs the procedure in a hospital catheterization laboratory, using imaging to guide delivery of a closure device through a catheter. The service is used for a VSD selected for transcatheter closure rather than open surgical repair.

Report it for the VSD closure performed, and document the defect, catheter-based approach, closure method, and procedural findings. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures are performed in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documented medical necessity; co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Alaska compares for 93581

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 93581 runs from $1,007.14 in Wisconsin to $1,467.77 in Alaska. Alaska pays $1,467.77. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

93581 in Alaska vs other payment areas
  1. Alaska · this page$1,467.77
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$1,143.71−$324.06
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$1,238.71−$229.06
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$1,443.35−$24.42
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$1,398.56−$69.21
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$1,334.13−$133.64
  7. Alabama · Alabama$1,042.90−$424.87

Other areas in Alaska first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

93581 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
ArkansasArkansas—$1,030.61
ArizonaArizona—$1,113.24
Bakersfield, CACalifornia—$1,101.76
Chico, CACalifornia—$1,086.27
El Centro, CACalifornia—$1,087.22
Fresno, CACalifornia—$1,086.27
Hanford, CACalifornia—$1,086.27
Madera, CACalifornia—$1,086.27

93581 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
93581 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 93581 in every payment locality

How the 93581 rate is calculated

Each of 93581’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 93581

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work23.78

23.78 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense4.82

4.82 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice5.70

5.70 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

34.3000

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$1,145.65

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Alaska inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,150

Code
93581
Physician work
23.78
Practice expense
4.82
Malpractice
5.70

GPCI2026.csv

5

Locality
Alaska
Physician work
1.500
Practice expense
1.065
Malpractice
0.551
Facility calculation for 93581 in Alaska
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work23.78× 1.50035.6700
Practice expense4.82× 1.0655.1333
Malpractice5.70× 0.5513.1407
Total RVUs43.9440
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Alaska$1467.77

Facility: (23.78 × 1.5 + 4.82 × 1.065 + 5.7 × 0.551) × $33.4009 = $1467.77

Open 93581 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 93581

The CMS indicators that decide how 93581 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 93581

VSD closure, transcatheter

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

93581 without 51 · national facility

$1,145.65

VSD closure, transcatheter

93581-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$572.83

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 93581 has changed in Alaska

93581 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$1,467.77RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$1,467.77RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$1,467.77RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$1,467.77RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$1,598.18RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$1,598.18RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$1,598.18RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$1,598.18RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$1,640.95RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$1,640.95RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$1,640.95RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$1,640.95RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$1,614.16RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$1,675.33RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$1,675.33RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$1,675.33RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$1,675.33RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$1,726.53RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$1,726.53RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$1,726.53RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$1,726.53RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$1,736.17RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$1,736.17RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$1,736.17RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$1,736.17RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$1,800.31RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$1,800.31RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$1,800.31RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$1,800.31RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$1,812.76RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$1,812.76RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$1,812.76RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$1,812.76RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$1,809.50RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$1,809.50RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$1,809.50RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$1,809.50RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$1,817.55RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$1,817.55RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$1,817.55RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$1,817.55RVU17A
2016-10-01Not available in this setting$1,797.32RVU16D
2016-07-01Not available in this setting$1,797.32RVU16C
2016-04-01Not available in this setting$1,797.32RVU16B
2016-01-01Not available in this setting$1,797.32RVU16A
2015-10-01Not available in this setting$1,802.44RVU15D
2015-07-01Not available in this setting$1,802.44RVU15C
2015-04-01Not available in this setting$1,793.47RVU15B
2015-01-01Not available in this setting$1,793.47RVU15A
2014-10-01Not available in this setting$1,772.67RVU14D
2014-07-01Not available in this setting$1,772.67RVU14C
2014-04-01Not available in this setting$1,772.67RVU14B
2014-01-01Not available in this setting$1,772.67RVU14A
2013-10-01Not available in this setting$1,700.90RVU13D
2013-07-01Not available in this setting$1,700.90RVU13C
2013-04-01Not available in this setting$1,700.90RVU13B
2013-01-01Not available in this setting$1,700.90RVU13AR

Price 93581 for an earlier date of service

Where the Alaska rate applies

Alaska is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 355 cities and communities in Alaska. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Adak
  • Akhiok
  • Akiachak
  • Akiak
  • Akutan
  • Alakanuk
  • Alatna
  • Alcan Border

Browse all communities in Alaska

93581 billing questions

How is this different from 93580?

93581 is for transcatheter closure of a ventricular septal defect. 93580 is for closure of an atrial septal defect.

How is this different from 93582?

93581 treats a ventricular septal defect; 93582 treats a patent ductus arteriosus. Select the code for the defect being closed.

Can modifier 50 be reported?

No. The CMS bilateral adjustment does not apply, and modifier 50 is inappropriate for this code.

Can an assistant surgeon be paid?

Assistant-at-surgery payment is available only when medical necessity is documented. Co-surgeons and team surgery are not permitted.

What same-day care is included?

The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. Routine care on the procedure date is not separately reported as a separate E/M service.

What happens when another procedure is performed in the same session?

The highest-valued procedure is paid in full, and other procedures are subject to the standard multiple-procedure reduction.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 93581PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,150 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for AlaskaGPCI2026.csv, line 5 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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