FeeBase
Log inGet started
Menu

CPT code 93591: Leak closure, aortic valve2026 Medicare rate & RVUs

Reports catheter-based closure of a leak around an aortic valve, typically to treat clinically significant regurgitation, heart failure, or hemolysis.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026109 payment localities152 Medicare services in 2024

Medicare pays $751.85 for 93591 nationally in a facility.

Medicare rate · 93591

Leak closure, aortic valve

Office or facility?

Work RVUs
17.52
Total RVUs
22.51
Global days
000

National rate · 2026

$751.85

Facility setting, before claim adjustments.

See every locality for 93591 →Billed by an NP, PA or therapist? →

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

Your location

Medicare pays by the payment locality where the service is performed.

On this page 10 sections
  1. Medicare rate
  2. What 93591 covers
  3. By payment locality
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Similar codes
  8. Related codes
  9. Billing questions
  10. Sources

What 93591 covers

An interventional cardiologist uses a catheter to deliver a closure device to a paravalvular leak around an aortic valve, often a prosthetic valve. The procedure is generally performed in a hospital catheterization or hybrid laboratory, with imaging used to guide device placement. Patients may have symptoms or complications such as heart failure or hemolysis related to the leak.

Select this code when the treated leak is around the aortic valve; a mitral paravalvular leak is reported with 93590. Document the valve involved, leak location and clinical indication, and the catheter-based closure performed. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures are performed in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires medical-necessity documentation; co-surgeons are permitted, and team surgery requires supporting documentation.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

Where 93591 pays more and less

The same RVUs, adjusted for each area’s costs. Open a locality for its calculation, history and nearby areas.

109 of 109 payment localities

93591 office and facility rates by payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaUnavailable$716.98
AlaskaUnavailable$1,031.93
ArizonaUnavailable$741.55
ArkansasUnavailable$712.73
Atlanta, GAUnavailable$764.68
Austin, TXUnavailable$754.88
Bakersfield, CAUnavailable$756.85
Baltimore area, MDUnavailable$780.83
Beaumont, TXUnavailable$737.72
Brazoria, TXUnavailable$745.45

93591 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

MEWIVTNHMTNDMNMINYMARIWAIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDECAAZNMKSOKARTNNCSCDCTXLAMSALGAFLAKHI

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
93591 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

How the 93591 rate is calculated

Each of 93591’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 93591

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work17.52

17.52 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense3.63

3.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice1.36

1.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

22.5100

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$751.85

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

Payment rules and modifiers for 93591

The CMS indicators that decide how 93591 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 93591

Leak closure, aortic valve

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)2Permitted.
Team surgery (66)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

93591 without 51 · national facility

$751.85

Leak closure, aortic valve

93591-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$375.93

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

93591 compared with similar codes

Compare codes · National

4 codes, side by side

Office or facility?

  • 93591

    Leak closure, aortic valve17.52 wRVU

    Not priced

  • 93590

    Mitral leak closure, paravalvular leak21.16 wRVU

    Not priced

  • 93592

    Valve leak closure, each additional valve7.8 wRVU

    Not priced

  • 33405

    Aortic valve replacement, standard prosthetic valve40.29 wRVU

    Not priced

How to choose

93590Mitral leak closureParavalvular leak
Choose 93591 for a leak around the aortic valve and 93590 for a leak around the mitral valve.
93592Valve leak closureEach additional valve
93591 identifies the aortic valve closure; 93592 reports each additional valve treated and is used as an add-on.
33405Aortic valve replacementStandard prosthetic valve
33405 describes surgical aortic valve replacement. It is a different operative approach from catheter-based closure of an aortic paravalvular leak.

Codes related to 93591

Related codes aren’t interchangeable: bill the code that matches the service performed.

Codes related to 93591
CodeHow it relatesNational office range
Same family
93590Mitral leak closure, paravalvular leakClosely related code for catheter-based closure of a mitral paravalvular leak.No office rate
Add-on codes
93592Valve leak closure, each additional valveAdd-on code for each additional valve treated for a paravalvular leak.No office rate
Used instead
33405Aortic valve replacement, standard prosthetic valveSurgical aortic valve replacement is a different treatment approach, not catheter-based leak closure.No office rate

93591 billing questions

How does 93591 differ from 93590?

93591 is for closure of a paravalvular leak around the aortic valve. Use 93590 when the leak is around the mitral valve.

When is 93592 reported with 93591?

93592 is the add-on code for each additional valve treated for a paravalvular leak. Report it with the primary closure code when another valve is treated during the procedure.

What documentation supports 93591?

Document the aortic valve leak, its clinical significance, and the catheter-based closure performed. The record should identify any additional valve treated.

Can modifier 50 be used for bilateral closure?

No. The descriptor and anatomy make modifier 50 inappropriate for this code.

How are same-day care and multiple procedures handled?

The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others are subject to the standard 50% reduction.

When may an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity. Co-surgeons are permitted, while team surgery requires supporting documentation.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 93591PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,159 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

Did this answer your question about what 93591 pays?

Tell us what you were actually trying to work out. We’ll answer you directly, or build the page that does.

Fee sheets

Put 93591 and the rest of your codes on one sheet

Build a fee sheet from your own code list at your locality, put your payer contracts beside Medicare, and see what changed each quarter.

Build my fee sheetOr price your code list free →