CPT code 93591: Leak closure, aortic valve2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Los Angeles, CA

Reports catheter-based closure of a leak around an aortic valve, typically to treat clinically significant regurgitation, heart failure, or hemolysis.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality152 Medicare services in 2024

In Los Angeles, CA, Medicare pays $782.77 for 93591 in a facility. There’s no office rate.

Not available in this settingOffice (non-facility)
$782.77Hospital or facility

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 93591 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 93591 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Los Angeles, CA
  2. What 93591 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 93591 covers

An interventional cardiologist uses a catheter to deliver a closure device to a paravalvular leak around an aortic valve, often a prosthetic valve. The procedure is generally performed in a hospital catheterization or hybrid laboratory, with imaging used to guide device placement. Patients may have symptoms or complications such as heart failure or hemolysis related to the leak.

Select this code when the treated leak is around the aortic valve; a mitral paravalvular leak is reported with 93590. Document the valve involved, leak location and clinical indication, and the catheter-based closure performed. The code has a 0-day global period, so same-day preoperative and postoperative care is included. When multiple procedures are performed in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard 50% multiple-procedure reduction. Modifier 50 is inappropriate. Assistant-at-surgery payment requires medical-necessity documentation; co-surgeons are permitted, and team surgery requires supporting documentation.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Los Angeles, CA compares for 93591

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the facility rate for 93591 runs from $712.73 in Arkansas to $1,031.93 in Alaska. Los Angeles, CA pays $782.77. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

93591 in Los Angeles, CA vs other payment areas
  1. Los Angeles, CA · this page$782.77
  2. Bakersfield, CA · California$756.85−$25.92
  3. Chico, CA · California$752.36−$30.41
  4. El Centro, CA · California$752.59−$30.18
  5. Fresno, CA · California$752.36−$30.41
  6. Hanford, CA · California$752.36−$30.41
  7. Madera, CA · California$752.36−$30.41

Other areas in California first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

93591 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
Merced, CACalifornia—$752.36
Modesto, CACalifornia—$752.36
Napa, CACalifornia—$804.93
Oxnard, CACalifornia—$773.18
Redding, CACalifornia—$752.36
Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia—$752.36
Riverside, CACalifornia—$767.35
Sacramento, CACalifornia—$771.61

93591 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

View every state and territory as a table
93591 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AKNo published base rate1
ALNo published base rate1
ARNo published base rate1
AZNo published base rate1
CANo published base rate29
CONo published base rate1
CTNo published base rate1
DCNo published base rate1
DENo published base rate1
FLNo published base rate3
GANo published base rate2
GUNo published base rate1
HINo published base rate1
IANo published base rate1
IDNo published base rate1
ILNo published base rate4
INNo published base rate1
KSNo published base rate1
KYNo published base rate1
LANo published base rate2
MANo published base rate2
MDNo published base rate3
MENo published base rate2
MINo published base rate2
MNNo published base rate1
MONo published base rate3
MSNo published base rate1
MTNo published base rate1
NCNo published base rate1
NDNo published base rate1
NENo published base rate1
NHNo published base rate1
NJNo published base rate2
NMNo published base rate1
NVNo published base rate1
NYNo published base rate5
OHNo published base rate1
OKNo published base rate1
ORNo published base rate2
PANo published base rate2
PRNo published base rate1
RINo published base rate1
SCNo published base rate1
SDNo published base rate1
TNNo published base rate1
TXNo published base rate8
UTNo published base rate1
VANo published base rate2
VINo published base rate1
VTNo published base rate1
WANo published base rate2
WINo published base rate1
WVNo published base rate1
WYNo published base rate1

See 93591 in every payment locality

How the 93591 rate is calculated

Each of 93591’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 93591

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work17.52

17.52 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense3.63

3.63 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice1.36

1.36 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

22.5100

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$751.85

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Los Angeles, CA inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,159

Code
93591
Physician work
17.52
Practice expense
3.63
Malpractice
1.36

GPCI2026.csv

13

Locality
Los Angeles, CA
Physician work
1.041
Practice expense
1.183
Malpractice
0.664
Facility calculation for 93591 in Los Angeles, CA
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work17.52× 1.04118.2383
Practice expense3.63× 1.1834.2943
Malpractice1.36× 0.6640.9030
Total RVUs23.4356
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Facility rate, Los Angeles, CA$782.77

Facility: (17.52 × 1.041 + 3.63 × 1.183 + 1.36 × 0.664) × $33.4009 = $782.77

Open 93591 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 93591

The CMS indicators that decide how 93591 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 93591

Leak closure, aortic valve

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global period000Same-day global: pre- and post-op care on the day of the procedure is included.
Multiple procedures2Standard reduction: highest-valued procedure at 100%, others at 50%.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)2Permitted.
Team surgery (66)1Permitted with supporting documentation.
Professional/technical0Physician service: no professional/technical split.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 51 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

93591 without 51 · national facility

$751.85

Leak closure, aortic valve

93591-51 · Second procedure: 50%

$375.93

When this isn’t the highest-valued procedure in the session, Medicare pays 50% of its fee schedule amount (the highest is paid at 100%).

When to use modifier 51

How 93591 has changed in Los Angeles, CA

93591 · Office / nonfacility

Rate unavailable

Effective 2026-10-01

A rate is unavailable in one of these releases, so a change cannot be calculated.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    No ratechanged toNo rate

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D, RVU18AR1, RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D, RVU19A, RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D, RVU20A, RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D, RVU21A, RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D, RVU22A, RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D, RVU23A, RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D, RVU24A, RVU24AR, RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D, RVU25A, RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D, RVU26A, RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: No rate

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D, RVU14A, RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D, RVU15A, RVU15B, RVU15C, RVU15D, RVU16A, RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01Not available in this setting$782.77RVU26D
2026-07-01Not available in this setting$782.77RVU26C
2026-04-01Not available in this setting$782.77RVU26B
2026-01-01Not available in this setting$782.77RVU26A
2025-10-01Not available in this setting$890.59RVU25D
2025-07-01Not available in this setting$890.59RVU25C
2025-04-01Not available in this setting$890.59RVU25B
2025-01-01Not available in this setting$890.59RVU25A
2024-10-01Not available in this setting$908.05RVU24D
2024-07-01Not available in this setting$908.05RVU24C
2024-04-01Not available in this setting$908.05RVU24B
2024-03-09Not available in this setting$908.05RVU24AR
2024-01-01Not available in this setting$893.23RVU24A
2023-10-01Not available in this setting$928.64RVU23D
2023-07-01Not available in this setting$928.64RVU23C
2023-04-01Not available in this setting$928.64RVU23B
2023-01-01Not available in this setting$928.64RVU23A
2022-10-01Not available in this setting$952.97RVU22D
2022-07-01Not available in this setting$952.97RVU22C
2022-04-01Not available in this setting$952.97RVU22B
2022-01-01Not available in this setting$952.97RVU22A
2021-10-01Not available in this setting$960.37RVU21D
2021-07-01Not available in this setting$960.37RVU21C
2021-04-01Not available in this setting$960.37RVU21B
2021-01-01Not available in this setting$960.37RVU21A
2020-10-01Not available in this setting$994.15RVU20D
2020-07-01Not available in this setting$994.15RVU20C
2020-04-01Not available in this setting$994.15RVU20B
2020-01-01Not available in this setting$994.15RVU20A
2019-10-01Not available in this setting$983.55RVU19D
2019-07-01Not available in this setting$983.55RVU19C
2019-04-01Not available in this setting$983.55RVU19B
2019-01-01Not available in this setting$983.55RVU19A
2018-10-01Not available in this setting$986.88RVU18D
2018-07-01Not available in this setting$986.88RVU18C
2018-04-01Not available in this setting$986.88RVU18B
2018-01-01Not available in this setting$986.88RVU18AR1
2017-10-01Not available in this setting$1,074.25RVU17D
2017-07-01Not available in this setting$1,074.25RVU17C
2017-04-01Not available in this setting$1,074.25RVU17B
2017-01-01Not available in this setting$1,074.25RVU17A
2016-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16D
2016-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16C
2016-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16B
2016-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU16A
2015-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15D
2015-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15C
2015-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15B
2015-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU15A
2014-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14D
2014-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14C
2014-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14B
2014-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU14A
2013-10-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13D
2013-07-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13C
2013-04-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13B
2013-01-01Not in this releaseNot in this releaseRVU13AR

Price 93591 for an earlier date of service

Where the Los Angeles, CA rate applies

Los Angeles, CA is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 189 cities and communities in California. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Anaheim
  • Long Beach
  • Los Angeles
  • Orange
  • Acton
  • Agoura Hills
  • Agua Dulce
  • Alhambra

Browse all communities in California

93591 billing questions

How does 93591 differ from 93590?

93591 is for closure of a paravalvular leak around the aortic valve. Use 93590 when the leak is around the mitral valve.

When is 93592 reported with 93591?

93592 is the add-on code for each additional valve treated for a paravalvular leak. Report it with the primary closure code when another valve is treated during the procedure.

What documentation supports 93591?

Document the aortic valve leak, its clinical significance, and the catheter-based closure performed. The record should identify any additional valve treated.

Can modifier 50 be used for bilateral closure?

No. The descriptor and anatomy make modifier 50 inappropriate for this code.

How are same-day care and multiple procedures handled?

The 0-day global period includes same-day preoperative and postoperative care. For multiple procedures in one session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and the others are subject to the standard 50% reduction.

When may an assistant or co-surgeon be reported?

Assistant-at-surgery payment requires documentation of medical necessity. Co-surgeons are permitted, while team surgery requires supporting documentation.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 93591PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,159 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for Los Angeles, CAGPCI2026.csv, line 13 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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