CPT code 94070: Wheezing evaluation, bronchial challenge testing2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in South Dakota

Reports bronchial provocation with repeated spirometry to assess suspected airway hyperreactivity, often when ordinary spirometry has not explained episodic wheezing.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality17.9K Medicare services in 2024

In South Dakota, Medicare pays $68.70 for 94070 in the office.

$68.70Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−1.6%vs the national office rate ($69.81)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 94070 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 94070 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in South Dakota
  2. What 94070 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 94070 covers

This test evaluates airway response to a provoking stimulus through repeated spirometric measurements. A pulmonary function laboratory may administer an inhaled agent such as methacholine, or use another stimulus such as cold air or an allergen, while recording changes in airflow. Pulmonologists and allergists commonly order it when asthma or airway hyperreactivity is suspected but routine spirometry has not established the diagnosis. Testing is typically performed by trained pulmonary function staff, with a qualified professional interpreting the results.

Report 94070 for the provocation evaluation and its serial spirometry, rather than for routine spirometry alone or a bronchodilator response test. Documentation should identify the stimulus, show the baseline and subsequent measurements, and support the interpretation of the airway response. The repeated spirometric determinations performed as part of the challenge are included in this service. CMS recognizes professional and technical components: report modifier 26 for interpretation only, modifier TC for equipment and staff only, or no component modifier for the global service.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How South Dakota compares for 94070

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 94070 runs from $62.17 in Arkansas to $92.61 in San Benito County, CA. South Dakota pays $68.70. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

94070 in South Dakota vs other payment areas
  1. South Dakota · this page$68.70
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$78.92+$10.22
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$79.68+$10.98
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$74.35+$5.65
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$72.35+$3.65
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$79.89+$11.19
  7. Alaska · Alaska$82.06+$13.36

Other areas in South Dakota first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

94070 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$63.03—
ArkansasArkansas$62.17—
ArizonaArizona$68.07—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$74.18—
Chico, CACalifornia$74.02—
El Centro, CACalifornia$74.03—
Fresno, CACalifornia$74.02—
Hanford, CACalifornia$74.02—

94070 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$62.17

$83.32

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
94070 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$82.061
AL$63.031
AR$62.171
AZ$68.071
CA$74.02–$92.6129
CO$72.781
CT$74.281
DC$79.681
DE$69.161
FL$68.52–$74.353
GA$64.90–$70.982
GU$75.741
HI$75.741
IA$64.681
ID$65.051
IL$66.53–$72.544
IN$65.411
KS$64.331
KY$64.291
LA$64.17–$67.182
MA$72.35–$79.832
MD$70.45–$79.683
ME$65.30–$68.762
MI$65.81–$69.262
MN$70.041
MO$63.08–$67.493
MS$62.641
MT$69.801
NC$65.961
ND$68.821
NE$65.041
NH$71.581
NJ$75.21–$78.912
NM$66.121
NV$69.581
NY$66.89–$81.655
OH$65.611
OK$64.251
OR$69.12–$75.072
PA$65.74–$72.472
PR$70.321
RI$71.601
SC$65.881
SD$68.701
TN$64.631
TX$65.33–$72.478
UT$66.731
VA$68.49–$79.682
VI$70.321
VT$68.501
WA$72.23–$81.482
WI$66.621
WV$64.181
WY$69.371

See 94070 in every payment locality

How the 94070 rate is calculated

Each of 94070’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 94070

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.59

0.59 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense1.45

1.45 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.05

0.05 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

2.0900

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$69.81

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact South Dakota inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,376

Code
94070
Physician work
0.59
Practice expense
1.45
Malpractice
0.05

GPCI2026.csv

94

Locality
South Dakota
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
1.000
Malpractice
0.336
Office calculation for 94070 in South Dakota
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.59× 1.0000.5900
Practice expense1.45× 1.0001.4500
Malpractice0.05× 0.3360.0168
Total RVUs2.0568
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, South Dakota$68.70

Office: (0.59 × 1 + 1.45 × 1 + 0.05 × 0.336) × $33.4009 = $68.70

Open 94070 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 94070

The CMS indicators that decide how 94070 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 94070

Wheezing evaluation, bronchial challenge testing

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures0No multiple-procedure reduction.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical1Diagnostic test with separate professional (26) and technical (TC) components.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier 26 · payment effect

With and without the modifier

94070 without 26 · national office

$69.81

Wheezing evaluation, bronchial challenge testing

94070-26 · Professional component

$28.72

Pays only the interpretation and report.

When to use modifier 26

How 94070 has changed in South Dakota

94070 · Office / nonfacility

$68.70

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $8.04 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $60.66 to $68.70 (13.3%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $60.66changed to$68.70

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 0.60 changed to 0.59
    • Practice expense RVU 1.26 changed to 1.45
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.05
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.382 changed to 0.336

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $62.09changed to$60.66

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 1.25 changed to 1.26

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $61.08changed to$62.09

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $61.03changed to$61.08

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 1.19 changed to 1.25
    • Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.364 changed to 0.382
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $62.31changed to$61.03

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.347 changed to 0.364

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $62.47changed to$62.31

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 1.18 changed to 1.19

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $59.59changed to$62.47

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense RVU 1.04 changed to 1.18
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.368 changed to 0.347

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $60.03changed to$59.59

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 1.05 changed to 1.04
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.389 changed to 0.368

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $61.04changed to$60.03

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
    • Practice expense RVU 1.08 changed to 1.05

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $60.14changed to$61.04

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 1.06 changed to 1.08
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.395 changed to 0.389

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $59.65changed to$60.14

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 1.05 changed to 1.06
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.400 changed to 0.395

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $59.72changed to$59.65

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
    • Malpractice RVU 0.03 changed to 0.04

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $59.42changed to$59.72

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $59.35changed to$59.42

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense RVU 1.04 changed to 1.05
    • Malpractice RVU 0.04 changed to 0.03
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.416 changed to 0.400

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $60.47changed to$59.35

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 1.16 changed to 1.04
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.432 changed to 0.416

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $60.47

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$68.70Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$68.70Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$68.70Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$68.70Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$60.66Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$60.66Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$60.66Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$60.66Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$62.09Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$62.09Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$62.09Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$62.09Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$61.08Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$61.03Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$61.03Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$61.03Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$61.03Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$62.31Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$62.31Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$62.31Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$62.31Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$62.47Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$62.47Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$62.47Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$62.47Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$59.59Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$59.59Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$59.59Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$59.59Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$60.03Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$60.03Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$60.03Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$60.03Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$61.04Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$61.04Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$61.04Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$61.04Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$60.14Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$60.14Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$60.14Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$60.14Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$59.65Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$59.65Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$59.65Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$59.65Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$59.72Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$59.72Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$59.42Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$59.42Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$59.35Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$59.35Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$59.35Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$59.35Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$60.47Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$60.47Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$60.47Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$60.47Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 94070 for an earlier date of service

Where the South Dakota rate applies

South Dakota is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 485 cities and communities in South Dakota. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Aberdeen
  • Agar
  • Agency Village
  • Akaska
  • Albee
  • Alcester
  • Alexandria
  • Allen

Browse all communities in South Dakota

94070 billing questions

When should 94070 be chosen instead of 94060?

Choose 94070 when the evaluation uses a provoking stimulus and repeated spirometry to assess airway hyperreactivity. Use 94060 for spirometry before and after a bronchodilator.

Can the spirometry measurements during the challenge be billed separately?

The serial spirometric determinations performed as part of the challenge are included in 94070. Do not separately report 94010 for those same measurements.

How should the professional and technical portions be reported?

Use modifier 26 for the professional interpretation and modifier TC for the technical service, including equipment and staff. Without either modifier, the claim represents the global service.

What documentation supports reporting 94070?

Document the challenge stimulus, baseline and subsequent spirometry results, and the professional interpretation of the response. The record should show that the service was a provocation evaluation, not routine spirometry alone.

Is 94070 appropriate when only baseline spirometry is performed?

No. 94070 describes provocation testing with multiple spirometric determinations; routine breathing-capacity testing is represented by 94010.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 94070PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,376 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for South DakotaGPCI2026.csv, line 94 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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