CPT code 97012: Mechanical traction, device-applied therapy2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Virginia

Reports device-applied traction during therapy, commonly for cervical or lumbar conditions when mechanical pulling is part of the documented treatment plan.

CMS RVU26DEffective Oct 1, 2026One payment locality429.7K Medicare services in 2024

In Virginia, Medicare pays $14.16 for 97012 in the office.

$14.16Office (non-facility)
Not available in this settingHospital or facility
−1.4%vs the national office rate ($14.36)

Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97012 nationwide

Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.

We’ll open 97012 for the payment locality that covers the ZIP.

On this page 11 sections
  1. Rate in Virginia
  2. What 97012 covers
  3. Compared with other areas
  4. Rate map
  5. How it’s calculated
  6. Payment rules
  7. Related codes
  8. Rate history
  9. Where it applies
  10. Billing questions
  11. Sources

What 97012 covers

Mechanical traction uses a device to apply a pulling force to a body region, commonly the cervical or lumbar spine. Physical therapists and other qualified therapy professionals may use it during outpatient rehabilitation for conditions such as neck or low-back pain or radiating symptoms. The device may provide sustained or intermittent traction; this code distinguishes device-applied treatment from hands-on manual traction. It is a modality rather than an active exercise service.

Report the service when mechanical traction is actually provided and supported by the treatment plan. Documentation should identify the treated region, the clinical rationale, relevant device settings or application method, and the patient’s response. This is not a timed, 15-minute service; therapy coding guidance generally treats it as one unit per treatment date. The professional component modifier does not apply. Under the therapy multiple procedure payment reduction, CMS reduces practice expense for the second and later therapy units on the same day; the reduction can affect this service when it falls in that group.

This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.

How Virginia compares for 97012

Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97012 runs from $13.35 in Arkansas to $18.61 in Alaska. Virginia pays $14.16. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.

97012 in Virginia vs other payment areas
  1. Virginia · this page$14.16
  2. Los Angeles, CA · California$15.68+$1.52
  3. Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$15.90+$1.74
  4. Miami, FL · Florida$15.12+$0.96
  5. Chicago, IL · Illinois$14.88+$0.72
  6. Manhattan, NY · New York$16.05+$1.89
  7. Alaska · Alaska$18.61+$4.45

Other areas in Virginia first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.

Every other payment area

97012 in every other Medicare payment locality
Payment localityOfficeFacility
AlabamaAlabama$13.47—
ArkansasArkansas$13.35—
ArizonaArizona$14.13—
Bakersfield, CACalifornia$14.96—
Chico, CACalifornia$14.92—
El Centro, CACalifornia$14.92—
Fresno, CACalifornia$14.92—
Hanford, CACalifornia$14.92—

97012 rates by state

Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.

Explore a state

Local rates. Clear comparisons.

Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.

$13.35

$18.61

Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.

View every state and territory as a table
97012 office rate range by state
State / territoryOffice rate rangeLocalities
AK$18.611
AL$13.471
AR$13.351
AZ$14.131
CA$14.92–$17.7529
CO$14.771
CT$15.061
DC$15.901
DE$14.301
FL$14.27–$15.123
GA$13.78–$14.552
GU$15.051
HI$15.051
IA$13.651
ID$13.711
IL$14.03–$14.884
IN$13.751
KS$13.621
KY$13.671
LA$13.66–$14.052
MA$14.74–$15.822
MD$14.49–$15.903
ME$13.76–$14.192
MI$13.88–$14.382
MN$14.301
MO$13.52–$14.073
MS$13.441
MT$14.361
NC$13.841
ND$14.161
NE$13.691
NH$14.571
NJ$15.27–$15.852
NM$13.931
NV$14.311
NY$13.96–$16.305
OH$13.841
OK$13.641
OR$14.24–$15.072
PA$13.85–$14.822
PR$14.421
RI$14.681
SC$13.861
SD$14.141
TN$13.661
TX$13.80–$14.698
UT$13.971
VA$14.16–$15.902
VI$14.421
VT$14.141
WA$14.71–$16.072
WI$13.881
WV$13.721
WY$14.281

See 97012 in every payment locality

How the 97012 rate is calculated

Each of 97012’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.

How the rate is built · 97012

RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor

Office or facility?

Work0.24

0.24 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Practice expense0.18

0.18 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Malpractice0.01

0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI

Adjusted RVUs

0.4300

Conversion factor

$33.4009

Medicare rate

$14.36

Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.

The exact Virginia inputs and CMS source lines

PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv

12,844

Code
97012
Physician work
0.24
Practice expense
0.18
Malpractice
0.01

GPCI2026.csv

106

Locality
Virginia
Physician work
1.000
Practice expense
0.983
Malpractice
0.706
Office calculation for 97012 in Virginia
ComponentRVULocality factorAdjusted
Physician work0.24× 1.0000.2400
Practice expense0.18× 0.9830.1769
Malpractice0.01× 0.7060.0071
Total RVUs0.4240
Conversion factor× 33.4009

Office rate, Virginia$14.16

Office: (0.24 × 1 + 0.18 × 0.983 + 0.01 × 0.706) × $33.4009 = $14.16

Open 97012 in the RVU calculator

Payment rules and modifiers for 97012

The CMS indicators that decide how 97012 is paid alongside other services.

CMS payment indicators · 97012

Mechanical traction, device-applied therapy

RuleCMS valueWhat it means
Global periodXXXThe global surgery concept doesn’t apply.
Multiple procedures5Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced.
Bilateral (modifier 50)0The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply.
Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS)0Not paid without supporting documentation.
Co-surgeons (62)0Not permitted.
Team surgery (66)0Not permitted.
Professional/technical7Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply.

What modifiers do to the payment

Modifier CQ · payment effect

With and without the modifier

97012 without CQ · national office

$14.36

Mechanical traction, device-applied therapy

97012-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged

$14.36

Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.

How 97012 has changed in Virginia

97012 · Office / nonfacility

$14.16

Effective 2026-10-01

The base rate is $0.08 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $14.08 to $14.16 (0.6%).

It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.

Base rate by release · bars start at $0 · select a bar to compare

One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.

What changed, release by release
  1. January 1, 2026

    RVU26A

    $14.08changed to$14.16

    • Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
    • Work RVU 0.25 changed to 0.24
    • Work GPCI 1.002 changed to 1.000
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.984 changed to 0.983
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.755 changed to 0.706

    Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.

  2. January 1, 2025

    RVU25A

    $13.83changed to$14.08

    • Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
    • Practice expense RVU 0.16 changed to 0.18

    Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.

  3. March 9, 2024

    RVU24AR

    $13.60changed to$13.83

    • Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875

    Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.

  4. January 1, 2024

    RVU24A

    $14.45changed to$13.60

    • Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
    • Practice expense RVU 0.17 changed to 0.16
    • Work GPCI 1.000 changed to 1.002
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.990 changed to 0.984
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.826 changed to 0.755
  5. January 1, 2023

    RVU23A

    $14.47changed to$14.45

    • Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
    • Practice expense RVU 0.16 changed to 0.17
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.995 changed to 0.990
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.897 changed to 0.826

    Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.

  6. January 1, 2022

    RVU22A

    $14.94changed to$14.47

    • Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
    • Practice expense RVU 0.17 changed to 0.16

    Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.

  7. January 1, 2021

    RVU21A

    $15.43changed to$14.94

    • Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.991 changed to 0.995
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.903 changed to 0.897

    Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.

  8. January 1, 2020

    RVU20A

    $15.02changed to$15.43

    • Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
    • Practice expense RVU 0.16 changed to 0.17
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.986 changed to 0.991
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.908 changed to 0.903

    Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.

  9. January 1, 2019

    RVU19A

    $15.01changed to$15.02

    • Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391

    Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.

  10. January 1, 2018

    RVU18AR1

    $16.35changed to$15.01

    • Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
    • Practice expense RVU 0.20 changed to 0.16
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.985 changed to 0.986
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.866 changed to 0.908

    Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.

  11. January 1, 2017

    RVU17A

    $15.93changed to$16.35

    • Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
    • Practice expense RVU 0.19 changed to 0.20
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.983 changed to 0.985
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.824 changed to 0.866

    Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.

  12. January 1, 2016

    RVU16A

    $15.99changed to$15.93

    • Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043

    Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.

  13. July 1, 2015

    RVU15C

    $15.91changed to$15.99

    • Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335

    Held through RVU15D.

  14. January 1, 2015

    RVU15A

    $15.90changed to$15.91

    • Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.980 changed to 0.983
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.778 changed to 0.824

    Held through RVU15B.

  15. January 1, 2014

    RVU14A

    $15.73changed to$15.90

    • Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
    • Practice expense RVU 0.21 changed to 0.19
    • Practice expense GPCI 0.977 changed to 0.980
    • Malpractice GPCI 0.731 changed to 0.778

    Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.

  16. January 1, 2013

    RVU13AR

    Earliest loaded release: $15.73

    Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.

Rates in every CMS release
Effective fromOfficeFacilityCMS release
2026-10-01$14.16Not available in this settingRVU26D
2026-07-01$14.16Not available in this settingRVU26C
2026-04-01$14.16Not available in this settingRVU26B
2026-01-01$14.16Not available in this settingRVU26A
2025-10-01$14.08Not available in this settingRVU25D
2025-07-01$14.08Not available in this settingRVU25C
2025-04-01$14.08Not available in this settingRVU25B
2025-01-01$14.08Not available in this settingRVU25A
2024-10-01$13.83Not available in this settingRVU24D
2024-07-01$13.83Not available in this settingRVU24C
2024-04-01$13.83Not available in this settingRVU24B
2024-03-09$13.83Not available in this settingRVU24AR
2024-01-01$13.60Not available in this settingRVU24A
2023-10-01$14.45Not available in this settingRVU23D
2023-07-01$14.45Not available in this settingRVU23C
2023-04-01$14.45Not available in this settingRVU23B
2023-01-01$14.45Not available in this settingRVU23A
2022-10-01$14.47Not available in this settingRVU22D
2022-07-01$14.47Not available in this settingRVU22C
2022-04-01$14.47Not available in this settingRVU22B
2022-01-01$14.47Not available in this settingRVU22A
2021-10-01$14.94Not available in this settingRVU21D
2021-07-01$14.94Not available in this settingRVU21C
2021-04-01$14.94Not available in this settingRVU21B
2021-01-01$14.94Not available in this settingRVU21A
2020-10-01$15.43Not available in this settingRVU20D
2020-07-01$15.43Not available in this settingRVU20C
2020-04-01$15.43Not available in this settingRVU20B
2020-01-01$15.43Not available in this settingRVU20A
2019-10-01$15.02Not available in this settingRVU19D
2019-07-01$15.02Not available in this settingRVU19C
2019-04-01$15.02Not available in this settingRVU19B
2019-01-01$15.02Not available in this settingRVU19A
2018-10-01$15.01Not available in this settingRVU18D
2018-07-01$15.01Not available in this settingRVU18C
2018-04-01$15.01Not available in this settingRVU18B
2018-01-01$15.01Not available in this settingRVU18AR1
2017-10-01$16.35Not available in this settingRVU17D
2017-07-01$16.35Not available in this settingRVU17C
2017-04-01$16.35Not available in this settingRVU17B
2017-01-01$16.35Not available in this settingRVU17A
2016-10-01$15.93Not available in this settingRVU16D
2016-07-01$15.93Not available in this settingRVU16C
2016-04-01$15.93Not available in this settingRVU16B
2016-01-01$15.93Not available in this settingRVU16A
2015-10-01$15.99Not available in this settingRVU15D
2015-07-01$15.99Not available in this settingRVU15C
2015-04-01$15.91Not available in this settingRVU15B
2015-01-01$15.91Not available in this settingRVU15A
2014-10-01$15.90Not available in this settingRVU14D
2014-07-01$15.90Not available in this settingRVU14C
2014-04-01$15.90Not available in this settingRVU14B
2014-01-01$15.90Not available in this settingRVU14A
2013-10-01$15.73Not available in this settingRVU13D
2013-07-01$15.73Not available in this settingRVU13C
2013-04-01$15.73Not available in this settingRVU13B
2013-01-01$15.73Not available in this settingRVU13AR

Price 97012 for an earlier date of service

Where the Virginia rate applies

Virginia is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 628 cities and communities in Virginia. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.

  • Abbs Valley
  • Abingdon
  • Accomac
  • Adwolf
  • Afton
  • Alberta
  • Aldie
  • Allison Gap

Browse all communities in Virginia

97012 billing questions

How is mechanical traction different from manual traction?

Report 97012 for traction applied with a mechanical device. Hands-on manual traction is generally reported as manual therapy under 97140 when the service meets that code’s requirements.

Is 97012 billed in 15-minute units?

No. It is an untimed modality, generally reported as one unit per treatment date rather than in 15-minute increments.

Can traction be reported with therapeutic exercise?

Yes, when both services are performed and independently supported by the treatment plan and documentation. For example, a visit may include device-applied traction and a separate therapeutic exercise program.

What documentation supports this service?

Record the treated region, reason for traction, device application or settings, and the patient’s response. The note should show that a mechanical device was used, rather than describing only hands-on treatment.

Should a professional component modifier be appended?

No. CMS identifies this therapy service as one to which the professional component modifier does not apply.

Where these rates come from

FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.

CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027

Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
RVUs for 97012PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv, line 12,844 (RVU26D)
Geographic factors for VirginiaGPCI2026.csv, line 106 (RVU26D)

Open CMS sourceHow we calculate rates

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