CPT code 97022: Whirlpool therapy, agitated water immersion2026 Medicare rate & RVUs in Montana
Reports agitated-water immersion used as a physical medicine modality, such as for selected extremity stiffness or wound-care treatment.
In Montana, Medicare pays $15.70 for 97022 in the office.
Check a contract rate as a % of Medicare · 97022 nationwide
Medicare allowed amount for participating (non-QP) physicians, before deductible, coinsurance and claim adjustments. Not a patient’s bill or a hospital charge.
On this page 11 sections
What 97022 covers
Whirlpool therapy immerses an affected limb or other body area in agitated water as a physical medicine modality. Physical and occupational therapists use it in rehabilitation and wound-care treatment plans, for example when treating an extremity with restricted motion or a wound for which water-based treatment is selected. The service may be furnished in an outpatient therapy department or hospital-based rehabilitation setting.
Report 97022 for the whirlpool modality itself, not for a contrast bath, compression device, or simple hot or cold pack. Documentation should identify the treated area, the clinical reason for selecting immersion, the treatment delivered, and the patient’s response. This is an untimed therapy service, not a 15-minute modality code, and the professional-component modifier does not apply. Under the CMS therapy multiple procedure payment reduction, practice expense is reduced for the second and later therapy units furnished to the same patient on the same day.
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
How Montana compares for 97022
Across 109 of 109 payment localities, the office rate for 97022 runs from $14.17 in Arkansas to $20.45 in San Benito County, CA. Montana pays $15.70. The RVUs are the same everywhere; the geographic indexes change the dollars.
- Montana · this page$15.70
- Los Angeles, CA · California$17.59+$1.89
- Washington, DC area · District of Columbia$17.77+$2.07
- Miami, FL · Florida$16.61+$0.91
- Chicago, IL · Illinois$16.22+$0.52
- Manhattan, NY · New York$17.83+$2.13
- Alaska · Alaska$19.02+$3.32
Other areas in Montana first, then benchmark localities. Bars start at $0.
Every other payment area
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAlabama | $14.34 | — |
| ArkansasArkansas | $14.17 | — |
| ArizonaArizona | $15.35 | — |
| Bakersfield, CACalifornia | $16.61 | — |
| Chico, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| El Centro, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Fresno, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Hanford, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Madera, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Merced, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Modesto, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Napa, CACalifornia | $18.97 | — |
| Oxnard, CACalifornia | $17.49 | — |
| Redding, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Rest of CaliforniaCalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Riverside, CACalifornia | $16.68 | — |
| Sacramento, CACalifornia | $17.33 | — |
| Salinas, CACalifornia | $17.26 | — |
| San Diego, CACalifornia | $17.61 | — |
| Marin County, CACalifornia | $20.03 | — |
| San Francisco, CACalifornia | $20.02 | — |
| San Benito County, CACalifornia | $20.45 | — |
| Santa Clara County, CACalifornia | $20.40 | — |
| San Luis Obispo, CACalifornia | $16.99 | — |
| Santa Cruz, CACalifornia | $17.75 | — |
| Santa Maria, CACalifornia | $17.31 | — |
| Santa Rosa, CACalifornia | $17.92 | — |
| Stockton, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Vallejo, CACalifornia | $18.96 | — |
| Visalia, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| Yuba City, CACalifornia | $16.57 | — |
| ColoradoColorado | $16.31 | — |
| ConnecticutConnecticut | $16.63 | — |
| DelawareDelaware | $15.58 | — |
| Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida | $16.09 | — |
| Rest of FloridaFlorida | $15.44 | — |
| Atlanta, GAGeorgia | $15.94 | — |
| Rest of GeorgiaGeorgia | $14.72 | — |
| Hawaii, Guam, HIHawaii | $16.88 | — |
| IowaIowa | $14.67 | — |
| IdahoIdaho | $14.75 | — |
| East St. Louis, ILIllinois | $15.26 | — |
| Rest of IllinoisIllinois | $15.04 | — |
| Suburban Chicago, ILIllinois | $16.26 | — |
| IndianaIndiana | $14.82 | — |
| KansasKansas | $14.60 | — |
| KentuckyKentucky | $14.59 | — |
| New Orleans, LALouisiana | $15.17 | — |
| Rest of LouisianaLouisiana | $14.57 | — |
| Metropolitan Boston, MAMassachusetts | $17.77 | — |
| Rest of MassachusettsMassachusetts | $16.23 | — |
| Baltimore area, MDMaryland | $16.58 | — |
| Rest of MarylandMaryland | $15.84 | — |
| Rest of MaineMaine | $14.80 | — |
| Southern Maine, MEMaine | $15.49 | — |
| Detroit, MIMichigan | $15.59 | — |
| Rest of MichiganMichigan | $14.90 | — |
| MinnesotaMinnesota | $15.74 | — |
| Metropolitan Kansas City, MOMissouri | $15.10 | — |
| Metropolitan St. Louis, MOMissouri | $15.23 | — |
| Rest of MissouriMissouri | $14.35 | — |
| MississippiMississippi | $14.26 | — |
| North CarolinaNorth Carolina | $14.93 | — |
| North DakotaNorth Dakota | $15.50 | — |
| NebraskaNebraska | $14.74 | — |
| New HampshireNew Hampshire | $16.05 | — |
| Northern New JerseyNew Jersey | $17.63 | — |
| Rest of New JerseyNew Jersey | $16.85 | — |
| New MexicoNew Mexico | $14.96 | — |
| NevadaNevada | $15.65 | — |
| NYC suburbs and Long Island, NYNew York | $18.18 | — |
| Poughkeepsie and northern NYC suburbs, NYNew York | $16.94 | — |
| Queens, NYNew York | $17.97 | — |
| Rest of New YorkNew York | $15.11 | — |
| OhioOhio | $14.86 | — |
| OklahomaOklahoma | $14.59 | — |
| Portland, OROregon | $16.78 | — |
| Rest of OregonOregon | $15.56 | — |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia, PAPennsylvania | $16.26 | — |
| Rest of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania | $14.89 | — |
| Puerto RicoPuerto Rico | $15.80 | — |
| Rhode IslandRhode Island | $16.09 | — |
| South CarolinaSouth Carolina | $14.91 | — |
| South DakotaSouth Dakota | $15.48 | — |
| TennesseeTennessee | $14.66 | — |
| Austin, TXTexas | $16.23 | — |
| Beaumont, TXTexas | $14.80 | — |
| Brazoria, TXTexas | $15.58 | — |
| Dallas, TXTexas | $15.66 | — |
| Fort Worth, TXTexas | $15.57 | — |
| Galveston, TXTexas | $15.62 | — |
| Houston, TXTexas | $15.80 | — |
| Rest of TexasTexas | $15.17 | — |
| UtahUtah | $15.08 | — |
| VirginiaVirginia | $15.44 | — |
| Virgin Islands, VIUnited States Virgin Islands | $15.80 | — |
| VermontVermont | $15.44 | — |
| Rest of WashingtonWashington | $16.21 | — |
| King County, WAWashington | $18.12 | — |
| WisconsinWisconsin | $15.06 | — |
| West VirginiaWest Virginia | $14.57 | — |
| WyomingWyoming | $15.61 | — |
97022 rates by state
Office rate range in each state. Select a state to see its payment localities.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
$14.17
$19.02
Color shows the midpoint of each state’s locality range.
View every state and territory as a table
| State / territory | Office rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | $19.02 | 1 |
| AL | $14.34 | 1 |
| AR | $14.17 | 1 |
| AZ | $15.35 | 1 |
| CA | $16.57–$20.45 | 29 |
| CO | $16.31 | 1 |
| CT | $16.63 | 1 |
| DC | $17.77 | 1 |
| DE | $15.58 | 1 |
| FL | $15.44–$16.61 | 3 |
| GA | $14.72–$15.94 | 2 |
| GU | $16.88 | 1 |
| HI | $16.88 | 1 |
| IA | $14.67 | 1 |
| ID | $14.75 | 1 |
| IL | $15.04–$16.26 | 4 |
| IN | $14.82 | 1 |
| KS | $14.60 | 1 |
| KY | $14.59 | 1 |
| LA | $14.57–$15.17 | 2 |
| MA | $16.23–$17.77 | 2 |
| MD | $15.84–$17.77 | 3 |
| ME | $14.80–$15.49 | 2 |
| MI | $14.90–$15.59 | 2 |
| MN | $15.74 | 1 |
| MO | $14.35–$15.23 | 3 |
| MS | $14.26 | 1 |
| MT | $15.70 | 1 |
| NC | $14.93 | 1 |
| ND | $15.50 | 1 |
| NE | $14.74 | 1 |
| NH | $16.05 | 1 |
| NJ | $16.85–$17.63 | 2 |
| NM | $14.96 | 1 |
| NV | $15.65 | 1 |
| NY | $15.11–$18.18 | 5 |
| OH | $14.86 | 1 |
| OK | $14.59 | 1 |
| OR | $15.56–$16.78 | 2 |
| PA | $14.89–$16.26 | 2 |
| PR | $15.80 | 1 |
| RI | $16.09 | 1 |
| SC | $14.91 | 1 |
| SD | $15.48 | 1 |
| TN | $14.66 | 1 |
| TX | $14.80–$16.23 | 8 |
| UT | $15.08 | 1 |
| VA | $15.44–$17.77 | 2 |
| VI | $15.80 | 1 |
| VT | $15.44 | 1 |
| WA | $16.21–$18.12 | 2 |
| WI | $15.06 | 1 |
| WV | $14.57 | 1 |
| WY | $15.61 | 1 |
How the 97022 rate is calculated
Each of 97022’s three RVUs is multiplied by a geographic index (GPCI) for the payment locality, added up, and multiplied by the conversion factor. Drag the indexes or enter a ZIP to see what moves the rate.
How the rate is built · 97022
RVUs × geographic indexes × conversion factor
Work0.17
0.17 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Practice expense0.29
0.29 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Malpractice0.01
0.01 RVUs× 1.000 GPCI
Adjusted RVUs
0.4700
Conversion factor
$33.4009
Medicare rate
$15.70
Every GPCI starts at 1.000, the national rate. Enter a ZIP or drag a slider.
The exact Montana inputs and CMS source lines
PPRRVU2026_Oct_nonQPP.csv
12,848
- Code
- 97022
- Physician work
- 0.17
- Practice expense
- 0.29
- Malpractice
- 0.01
GPCI2026.csv
71
- Locality
- Montana
- Physician work
- 1.000
- Practice expense
- 1.000
- Malpractice
- 0.998
| Component | RVU | Locality factor | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician work | 0.17 | × 1.000 | 0.1700 |
| Practice expense | 0.29 | × 1.000 | 0.2900 |
| Malpractice | 0.01 | × 0.998 | 0.0100 |
| Total RVUs | 0.4700 | ||
| Conversion factor | × 33.4009 | ||
Office rate, Montana$15.70
Office: (0.17 × 1 + 0.29 × 1 + 0.01 × 0.998) × $33.4009 = $15.70
Payment rules and modifiers for 97022
The CMS indicators that decide how 97022 is paid alongside other services.
CMS payment indicators · 97022
Whirlpool therapy, agitated water immersion
| Rule | CMS value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Global period | XXX | The global surgery concept doesn’t apply. |
| Multiple procedures | 5 | Therapy reduction: practice expense of the second and later units is reduced. |
| Bilateral (modifier 50) | 0 | The 150% bilateral adjustment doesn’t apply. |
| Assistant at surgery (80/81/82/AS) | 0 | Not paid without supporting documentation. |
| Co-surgeons (62) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Team surgery (66) | 0 | Not permitted. |
| Professional/technical | 7 | Therapy service: the split doesn’t apply. |
What modifiers do to the payment
Modifier CQ · payment effect
With and without the modifier
97022 without CQ · national office
$15.70
Whirlpool therapy, agitated water immersion
97022-CQ · Allowed amount unchanged
$15.70
Medicare cuts its own payment by 15% after the patient’s 20% coinsurance; the allowed amount stays the same. On $100 allowed: $20 coinsurance, then Medicare pays $68 instead of $80.
How 97022 has changed in Montana
97022 · Office / nonfacility
$15.70
Effective 2026-10-01
The base rate is $0.18 higher than on 2025-10-01, moving from $15.52 to $15.70 (1.2%).
It is unchanged from the immediately preceding available release, effective 2026-07-01.
One bar per available release, ordered by effective date. Missing rates remain gaps. These comparisons hold the code, setting and locality identifiers constant; they do not isolate which policy or input caused a change.
What changed, release by release
January 1, 2026
RVU26A
$15.52changed to$15.70
- Conversion factor 32.3465 changed to 33.4009
- Practice expense RVU 0.30 changed to 0.29
- Malpractice GPCI 0.978 changed to 0.998
Held through RVU26B, RVU26C, RVU26D.
January 1, 2025
RVU25A
$16.97changed to$15.52
- Conversion factor 33.2875 changed to 32.3465
- Practice expense RVU 0.33 changed to 0.30
Held through RVU25B, RVU25C, RVU25D.
March 9, 2024
RVU24AR
$16.69changed to$16.97
- Conversion factor 32.7442 changed to 33.2875
Held through RVU24B, RVU24C, RVU24D.
January 1, 2024
RVU24A
$17.28changed to$16.69
- Conversion factor 33.8872 changed to 32.7442
January 1, 2023
RVU23A
$17.64changed to$17.28
- Conversion factor 34.6062 changed to 33.8872
- Malpractice GPCI 0.977 changed to 0.978
Held through RVU23B, RVU23C, RVU23D.
January 1, 2022
RVU22A
$18.14changed to$17.64
- Conversion factor 34.8931 changed to 34.6062
- Practice expense RVU 0.34 changed to 0.33
Held through RVU22B, RVU22C, RVU22D.
January 1, 2021
RVU21A
$18.52changed to$18.14
- Conversion factor 36.0896 changed to 34.8931
- Practice expense RVU 0.33 changed to 0.34
- Malpractice GPCI 1.304 changed to 0.977
Held through RVU21B, RVU21C, RVU21D.
January 1, 2020
RVU20A
$18.61changed to$18.52
- Conversion factor 36.0391 changed to 36.0896
- Malpractice GPCI 1.631 changed to 1.304
Held through RVU20B, RVU20C, RVU20D.
January 1, 2019
RVU19A
$19.67changed to$18.61
- Conversion factor 35.9996 changed to 36.0391
- Practice expense RVU 0.36 changed to 0.33
Held through RVU19B, RVU19C, RVU19D.
January 1, 2018
RVU18AR1
$24.20changed to$19.67
- Conversion factor 35.8887 changed to 35.9996
- Practice expense RVU 0.49 changed to 0.36
- Malpractice GPCI 1.429 changed to 1.631
Held through RVU18B, RVU18C, RVU18D.
January 1, 2017
RVU17A
$23.71changed to$24.20
- Conversion factor 35.8043 changed to 35.8887
- Practice expense RVU 0.48 changed to 0.49
- Malpractice GPCI 1.226 changed to 1.429
Held through RVU17B, RVU17C, RVU17D.
January 1, 2016
RVU16A
$23.80changed to$23.71
- Conversion factor 35.9335 changed to 35.8043
Held through RVU16B, RVU16C, RVU16D.
July 1, 2015
RVU15C
$23.68changed to$23.80
- Conversion factor 35.7547 changed to 35.9335
Held through RVU15D.
January 1, 2015
RVU15A
$23.70changed to$23.68
- Conversion factor 35.8228 changed to 35.7547
- Malpractice GPCI 1.165 changed to 1.226
Held through RVU15B.
January 1, 2014
RVU14A
$23.85changed to$23.70
- Conversion factor 34.0230 changed to 35.8228
- Practice expense RVU 0.52 changed to 0.48
- Malpractice GPCI 1.103 changed to 1.165
Held through RVU14B, RVU14C, RVU14D.
January 1, 2013
RVU13AR
Earliest loaded release: $23.85
Held through RVU13B, RVU13C, RVU13D.
| Effective from | Office | Facility | CMS release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-01 | $15.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU26D |
| 2026-07-01 | $15.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU26C |
| 2026-04-01 | $15.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU26B |
| 2026-01-01 | $15.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU26A |
| 2025-10-01 | $15.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU25D |
| 2025-07-01 | $15.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU25C |
| 2025-04-01 | $15.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU25B |
| 2025-01-01 | $15.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU25A |
| 2024-10-01 | $16.97 | Not available in this setting | RVU24D |
| 2024-07-01 | $16.97 | Not available in this setting | RVU24C |
| 2024-04-01 | $16.97 | Not available in this setting | RVU24B |
| 2024-03-09 | $16.97 | Not available in this setting | RVU24AR |
| 2024-01-01 | $16.69 | Not available in this setting | RVU24A |
| 2023-10-01 | $17.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU23D |
| 2023-07-01 | $17.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU23C |
| 2023-04-01 | $17.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU23B |
| 2023-01-01 | $17.28 | Not available in this setting | RVU23A |
| 2022-10-01 | $17.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22D |
| 2022-07-01 | $17.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22C |
| 2022-04-01 | $17.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22B |
| 2022-01-01 | $17.64 | Not available in this setting | RVU22A |
| 2021-10-01 | $18.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU21D |
| 2021-07-01 | $18.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU21C |
| 2021-04-01 | $18.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU21B |
| 2021-01-01 | $18.14 | Not available in this setting | RVU21A |
| 2020-10-01 | $18.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU20D |
| 2020-07-01 | $18.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU20C |
| 2020-04-01 | $18.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU20B |
| 2020-01-01 | $18.52 | Not available in this setting | RVU20A |
| 2019-10-01 | $18.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU19D |
| 2019-07-01 | $18.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU19C |
| 2019-04-01 | $18.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU19B |
| 2019-01-01 | $18.61 | Not available in this setting | RVU19A |
| 2018-10-01 | $19.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU18D |
| 2018-07-01 | $19.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU18C |
| 2018-04-01 | $19.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU18B |
| 2018-01-01 | $19.67 | Not available in this setting | RVU18AR1 |
| 2017-10-01 | $24.20 | Not available in this setting | RVU17D |
| 2017-07-01 | $24.20 | Not available in this setting | RVU17C |
| 2017-04-01 | $24.20 | Not available in this setting | RVU17B |
| 2017-01-01 | $24.20 | Not available in this setting | RVU17A |
| 2016-10-01 | $23.71 | Not available in this setting | RVU16D |
| 2016-07-01 | $23.71 | Not available in this setting | RVU16C |
| 2016-04-01 | $23.71 | Not available in this setting | RVU16B |
| 2016-01-01 | $23.71 | Not available in this setting | RVU16A |
| 2015-10-01 | $23.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU15D |
| 2015-07-01 | $23.80 | Not available in this setting | RVU15C |
| 2015-04-01 | $23.68 | Not available in this setting | RVU15B |
| 2015-01-01 | $23.68 | Not available in this setting | RVU15A |
| 2014-10-01 | $23.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU14D |
| 2014-07-01 | $23.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU14C |
| 2014-04-01 | $23.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU14B |
| 2014-01-01 | $23.70 | Not available in this setting | RVU14A |
| 2013-10-01 | $23.85 | Not available in this setting | RVU13D |
| 2013-07-01 | $23.85 | Not available in this setting | RVU13C |
| 2013-04-01 | $23.85 | Not available in this setting | RVU13B |
| 2013-01-01 | $23.85 | Not available in this setting | RVU13AR |
Where the Montana rate applies
Montana is a Medicare payment area, not a city. Our Census mapping connects it to 497 cities and communities in Montana. Some span more than one payment area; confirm with the service ZIP.
- Absarokee
- Acton
- Alberton
- Alder
- Alzada
- Amsterdam
- Anaconda-Deer Lodge County
- Antelope
97022 billing questions
When should 97022 be chosen instead of 97034?
Use 97022 for immersion in agitated water. Use 97034 when treatment consists of alternating warm and cool water baths.
Is 97022 billed in 15-minute units?
No. It is an untimed modality, rather than a 15-minute service. Document the treatment provided and do not calculate units from elapsed time.
Can 97022 be reported with another therapy service on the same day?
It may be reported when the whirlpool treatment and the other service are distinct services that were performed and documented. CMS reduces practice expense for the second and later therapy units on the same day.
Should modifier 26 be appended to 97022?
No. The CMS component rule identifies this as a therapy service for which the professional-component modifier does not apply.
What documentation supports reporting 97022?
Record the body area immersed, why whirlpool treatment was selected, what treatment was delivered, and the patient’s response.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indexes and the conversion factor. Services without a published rate are labeled, never given a made-up amount. Amounts are Medicare allowed amounts before claim adjustments: not a patient’s bill or a commercial rate.
CMS RVU26D · effective Oct 1, 2026 through the day before Jan 1, 2027
Show the CMS file lines behind this rate
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