No office rate
23100 is the open glenohumeral arthrotomy code when biopsy is performed; 23105 is selected when synovectomy is performed.
On this page
CMS RVU26D · Effective 2026-10-01
23105 Shoulder synovectomy Medicare reimbursement rates
Open glenohumeral arthrotomy with synovectomy is reported when a surgeon removes diseased synovial tissue from the shoulder joint through an open approach. Compare 23105 office and facility rates across CMS payment localities.
Amounts below use the non-QP conversion factor for participating physicians. These are base physician payments before claim-level adjustments, not patient costs or total hospital charges.
What does Medicare pay for 23105?
The service location and office or facility setting determine which base rate applies. These are the supported base rates for the 109 payment areas shown below, using the same CMS release.
Office / nonfacility
No supported rate
These are locality ranges, not averages or address-specific quotes. A facility-setting amount covers the physician service; it does not include a hospital’s separate bill. Choose a locality below to inspect its calculation, compare other payment areas, or price a percentage of Medicare.
Where 23105 pays more and less
Orthopedic surgery
About 23105: Open shoulder arthrotomy with synovectomy
Open glenohumeral arthrotomy with synovectomy is reported when a surgeon removes diseased synovial tissue from the shoulder joint through an open approach.
The surgeon opens the glenohumeral joint and removes diseased synovial tissue. Orthopedic surgeons typically perform this operation in a hospital operating room for shoulder conditions requiring synovectomy by an open approach. The operative report should identify the joint, describe the synovial tissue removed, and support that the procedure was performed through an open approach rather than arthroscopically.
Report this code when synovectomy is performed, not for an open joint entry done only to obtain a biopsy or explore the joint. CMS assigns a 90-day global period, including the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care. For multiple procedures in the same session, the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and other procedures are subject to the standard reduction. Modifier 50 identifies bilateral surgery, paid at 150%. Assistant-at-surgery services may be paid; co-surgeon payment requires supporting documentation, and team surgery is not permitted.
CMS billing rules for 23105
- Global period
- Major surgery with a 90-day global period: the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care are included.
- Multiple procedures
- Standard multiple procedure reduction: the highest-valued procedure is paid in full and others at 50% when performed in the same session.
- Bilateral procedures
- Bilateral procedure with modifier 50 is paid at 150%.
- Assistant at surgery
- Assistant at surgery may be paid.
- Co-surgeons
- Co-surgeons paid only with supporting documentation.
- Team surgery
- Team surgery not permitted.
Where the value comes from
- Work RVU8.27 · 46%
- Practice expense (office) RVU8.13 · 45%
- Malpractice RVU1.72 · 9%
222
Medicare services in 2024 · #4226 by national volume
This summary was written with AI assistance from CMS physician fee schedule data and checked against the CMS billing rules shown here. Rates on this page come directly from CMS files.
23105 compared with similar codes
Office rate ranges across all CMS payment localities, from the same CMS release.
No office rate
23107 describes open glenohumeral exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal, rather than synovectomy as described by 23105.
No office rate
29820 describes partial arthroscopic shoulder synovectomy. Use 23105 for synovectomy through an open approach.
No office rate
29821 describes complete arthroscopic shoulder synovectomy. Use 23105 when the surgeon performs synovectomy through an open approach.
See how rates vary across the country
23105 · Office / nonfacility · Non-QP. Choose a state to explore its payment localities. A range means the amount varies within that state.
Explore a state
Local rates. Clear comparisons.
Hover or focus a tile to see its rate range. Select it to open the state’s fee schedule.
View all state and territory rates as a table
| State / territory | Rate range | Localities |
|---|---|---|
| AK | No published base rate | 1 |
| AL | No published base rate | 1 |
| AR | No published base rate | 1 |
| AZ | No published base rate | 1 |
| CA | No published base rate | 29 |
| CO | No published base rate | 1 |
| CT | No published base rate | 1 |
| DC | No published base rate | 1 |
| DE | No published base rate | 1 |
| FL | No published base rate | 3 |
| GA | No published base rate | 2 |
| GU | No published base rate | 1 |
| HI | No published base rate | 1 |
| IA | No published base rate | 1 |
| ID | No published base rate | 1 |
| IL | No published base rate | 4 |
| IN | No published base rate | 1 |
| KS | No published base rate | 1 |
| KY | No published base rate | 1 |
| LA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MA | No published base rate | 2 |
| MD | No published base rate | 3 |
| ME | No published base rate | 2 |
| MI | No published base rate | 2 |
| MN | No published base rate | 1 |
| MO | No published base rate | 3 |
| MS | No published base rate | 1 |
| MT | No published base rate | 1 |
| NC | No published base rate | 1 |
| ND | No published base rate | 1 |
| NE | No published base rate | 1 |
| NH | No published base rate | 1 |
| NJ | No published base rate | 2 |
| NM | No published base rate | 1 |
| NV | No published base rate | 1 |
| NY | No published base rate | 5 |
| OH | No published base rate | 1 |
| OK | No published base rate | 1 |
| OR | No published base rate | 2 |
| PA | No published base rate | 2 |
| PR | No published base rate | 1 |
| RI | No published base rate | 1 |
| SC | No published base rate | 1 |
| SD | No published base rate | 1 |
| TN | No published base rate | 1 |
| TX | No published base rate | 8 |
| UT | No published base rate | 1 |
| VA | No published base rate | 2 |
| VI | No published base rate | 1 |
| VT | No published base rate | 1 |
| WA | No published base rate | 2 |
| WI | No published base rate | 1 |
| WV | No published base rate | 1 |
| WY | No published base rate | 1 |
Compare 23105 by payment locality
Find the payment area for your service address, then open its rate page for calculation inputs, release history and the percentage-of-Medicare tool. A city may cross payment-area boundaries; the ZIP lookup above helps resolve the location.
109 of 109 payment localities
| Payment locality | Office | Facility |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Office Unavailable | Facility $546.35 |
| Alaska* | Office Unavailable | Facility $735.19 |
| Arizona | Office Unavailable | Facility $588.53 |
| Arkansas | Office Unavailable | Facility $539.07 |
| Atlanta | Office Unavailable | Facility $621.95 |
| Austin | Office Unavailable | Facility $614.98 |
| Bakersfield | Office Unavailable | Facility $614.08 |
| Baltimore/Surr. Cntys | Office Unavailable | Facility $643.08 |
| Beaumont | Office Unavailable | Facility $576.71 |
| Brazoria | Office Unavailable | Facility $592.35 |
| Chicago | Office Unavailable | Facility $682.91 |
| Chico | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Colorado | Office Unavailable | Facility $613.34 |
| Connecticut | Office Unavailable | Facility $643.72 |
| Dallas | Office Unavailable | Facility $598.47 |
| Dc + Md/Va Suburbs | Office Unavailable | Facility $674.97 |
| Delaware | Office Unavailable | Facility $597.54 |
| Detroit | Office Unavailable | Facility $635.13 |
| East St. Louis | Office Unavailable | Facility $641.75 |
| El Centro | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.62 |
| Fort Lauderdale | Office Unavailable | Facility $655.17 |
| Fort Worth | Office Unavailable | Facility $596.50 |
| Fresno | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Galveston | Office Unavailable | Facility $595.65 |
| Hanford-Corcoran | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Hawaii, Guam | Office Unavailable | Facility $618.24 |
| Houston | Office Unavailable | Facility $627.13 |
| Idaho | Office Unavailable | Facility $553.22 |
| Indiana | Office Unavailable | Facility $555.87 |
| Iowa | Office Unavailable | Facility $547.50 |
| Kansas | Office Unavailable | Facility $550.66 |
| Kentucky | Office Unavailable | Facility $570.20 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim (Los Angeles/Orange Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $646.94 |
| Madera | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Manhattan | Office Unavailable | Facility $700.56 |
| Merced | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Metropolitan Boston | Office Unavailable | Facility $662.91 |
| Metropolitan Kansas City | Office Unavailable | Facility $587.34 |
| Metropolitan Philadelphia | Office Unavailable | Facility $632.42 |
| Metropolitan St. Louis | Office Unavailable | Facility $592.30 |
| Miami | Office Unavailable | Facility $704.20 |
| Minnesota | Office Unavailable | Facility $572.65 |
| Mississippi | Office Unavailable | Facility $552.48 |
| Modesto | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Montana** | Office Unavailable | Facility $605.11 |
| Napa | Office Unavailable | Facility $680.71 |
| Nebraska | Office Unavailable | Facility $548.58 |
| Nevada** | Office Unavailable | Facility $595.90 |
| New Hampshire | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.18 |
| New Mexico | Office Unavailable | Facility $594.23 |
| New Orleans | Office Unavailable | Facility $597.02 |
| North Carolina | Office Unavailable | Facility $566.29 |
| North Dakota** | Office Unavailable | Facility $571.10 |
| Northern Nj | Office Unavailable | Facility $669.98 |
| Nyc Suburbs/Long Island | Office Unavailable | Facility $723.46 |
| Ohio | Office Unavailable | Facility $582.06 |
| Oklahoma | Office Unavailable | Facility $563.36 |
| Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura | Office Unavailable | Facility $640.72 |
| Portland | Office Unavailable | Facility $625.08 |
| Poughkpsie/N Nyc Suburbs | Office Unavailable | Facility $655.52 |
| Puerto Rico | Office Unavailable | Facility $607.35 |
| Queens | Office Unavailable | Facility $697.72 |
| Redding | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Rest Of California | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Rest Of Florida | Office Unavailable | Facility $622.17 |
| Rest Of Georgia | Office Unavailable | Facility $586.93 |
| Rest Of Illinois | Office Unavailable | Facility $613.94 |
| Rest Of Louisiana | Office Unavailable | Facility $571.58 |
| Rest Of Maine | Office Unavailable | Facility $561.78 |
| Rest Of Maryland | Office Unavailable | Facility $606.53 |
| Rest Of Massachusetts | Office Unavailable | Facility $612.37 |
| Rest Of Michigan | Office Unavailable | Facility $589.01 |
| Rest Of Missouri | Office Unavailable | Facility $566.26 |
| Rest Of New Jersey | Office Unavailable | Facility $646.83 |
| Rest Of New York | Office Unavailable | Facility $574.58 |
| Rest Of Oregon | Office Unavailable | Facility $587.08 |
| Rest Of Pennsylvania | Office Unavailable | Facility $579.80 |
| Rest Of Texas | Office Unavailable | Facility $585.80 |
| Rest Of Washington | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.48 |
| Rhode Island | Office Unavailable | Facility $613.23 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario | Office Unavailable | Facility $627.82 |
| Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom | Office Unavailable | Facility $632.77 |
| Salinas | Office Unavailable | Facility $630.31 |
| San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad | Office Unavailable | Facility $640.42 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (Marin Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $711.72 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley (San Francisco/San Mateo/Alameda/Contra Costa Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $709.77 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (San Benito Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $728.98 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (Santa Clara Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $720.99 |
| San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles | Office Unavailable | Facility $621.01 |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville | Office Unavailable | Facility $642.75 |
| Santa Maria-Santa Barbara | Office Unavailable | Facility $631.38 |
| Santa Rosa-Petaluma | Office Unavailable | Facility $648.77 |
| Seattle (King Cnty) | Office Unavailable | Facility $670.16 |
| South Carolina | Office Unavailable | Facility $575.97 |
| South Dakota** | Office Unavailable | Facility $567.08 |
| Southern Maine | Office Unavailable | Facility $581.58 |
| Stockton | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| Suburban Chicago | Office Unavailable | Facility $658.84 |
| Tennessee | Office Unavailable | Facility $553.91 |
| Utah | Office Unavailable | Facility $583.07 |
| Vallejo | Office Unavailable | Facility $677.90 |
| Vermont | Office Unavailable | Facility $574.13 |
| Virgin Islands | Office Unavailable | Facility $607.35 |
| Virginia | Office Unavailable | Facility $583.72 |
| Visalia | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
| West Virginia | Office Unavailable | Facility $594.41 |
| Wisconsin | Office Unavailable | Facility $554.06 |
| Wyoming** | Office Unavailable | Facility $590.29 |
| Yuba City | Office Unavailable | Facility $609.33 |
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23105 billing questions
How does this differ from 23100?
Use 23105 when the open glenohumeral procedure includes synovectomy. Code 23100 describes an arthrotomy with biopsy instead.
When would 23107 be a better fit?
23107 is for open glenohumeral exploration, drainage, or foreign-body removal. Choose 23105 when synovectomy is the defining service.
Can the arthrotomy be billed separately?
No. The open entry into the glenohumeral joint is part of the synovectomy service represented by 23105.
Does 23105 describe arthroscopic synovectomy?
No. It describes an open approach. Arthroscopic synovectomy is represented by codes such as 29820 or 29821, depending on the extent performed.
What postoperative care is included?
The 90-day global period includes the day-before preoperative visit and 90 days of related postoperative care.
How is bilateral surgery reported?
Report modifier 50 for bilateral surgery; CMS payment for this code with modifier 50 is 150%.
Where these rates come from
FeeBase calculates base physician payments from CMS work, practice-expense, and malpractice RVUs, adjusted by each locality’s geographic indices and the applicable conversion factor. Unavailable or separately priced services are labeled rather than assigned a made-up amount.
Source: RVU26D. Effective 2026-10-01 through the day before 2027-01-01.
2,16223078,,Rad rescj tum shoulder 5cm/>,A,,21.99,12.68,NA,12.68,,5.02,39.69,39.69,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16323100,,Arthrotomy glenhumrl jt w/bx,A,,6.05,7.37,NA,7.37,,1.29,14.71,14.71,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16423101,,Arthrt acrmclv/strnclav jt,A,,5.58,6.50,NA,6.50,,1.20,13.28,13.28,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,1,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16523105,,Arthrotomy glenohumeral jt,A,,8.27,8.13,NA,8.13,,1.72,18.12,18.12,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16623106,,Arthrotomy strnclav joint,A,,5.98,7.35,NA,7.35,,1.28,14.61,14.61,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,1,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16723107,,Arthrt glenhumrl jt w/expl,A,,8.65,8.30,NA,8.30,,1.80,18.75,18.75,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00
2,16823120,,Claviculectomy partial,A,,7.21,8.22,NA,8.22,,1.48,16.91,16.91,0,090,0.10,0.69,0.21,2,1,2,1,0,9,,33.4009,09,0,99,0.00,0.00,0.00